#include "Scene.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <utility>              /* pair */
#include <map>
#include <algorithm>            /* sort() */
#include <functional>           /* binary_function */
#include <typeinfo>             /* typeid operator support */
#include <math.h>
#include "BMP.h"
#include "util/Color.h"
#include "shapes/Shape.h"
#include "Light.h"
#include "Lighting.h"

using namespace std;

Scene::Scene(const map<string, const char *> & options,
             const char * filename)
{
    m_width = 800;
    m_height = 600;
    m_multisample_level = 1;
    m_output_file_name = "fart.bmp";
    m_vfov = 60.0;
    m_verbose = false;
    m_data = NULL;
    m_ambient_light = Color(0.1, 0.1, 0.1);
    m_max_depth = 10;

    load(filename);

    /* after loading the scene file, apply any command-line render options */
    for (map<const string, const char *>::const_iterator it = options.begin();
         it != options.end();
         it++)
    {
        if (it->first == "width")
        {
            m_width = atoi(it->second);
        }
        else if (it->first == "height")
        {
            m_height = atoi(it->second);
        }
        else if (it->first == "multisample")
        {
            m_multisample_level = atoi(it->second);
        }
        else if (it->first == "field-of-view")
        {
            m_vfov = atof(it->second);
        }
        else if (it->first == "output-file")
        {
            m_output_file_name = it->second;
        }
        else if (it->first == "verbose")
        {
            m_verbose = true;
        }
    }

    /* view plane distance is calculated based on the field of view */
    m_view_plane_dist = (m_height / 2.0) / tan(M_PI * m_vfov / 360.0);
    m_sample_span = 1.0 / m_multisample_level;
    m_half_sample_span = m_sample_span / 2.0;
    m_multisample_level_squared = m_multisample_level * m_multisample_level;
}

Scene::~Scene()
{
    if (m_data != NULL)
        delete m_data;
}

void Scene::render()
{
    if (m_verbose)
    {
        cout << " *** Beginning scene render ***" << endl;
        cout << "Parameters:" << endl;
        cout << "----------------------------------------" << endl;
        cout << "    Width: " << m_width << endl;
        cout << "    Height: " << m_height << endl;
        cout << "    Multisample Level: " << m_multisample_level << endl;
        cout << "    Vertical Field of View: " << m_vfov << endl;
        cout << "----------------------------------------" << endl;
    }

    m_data = new unsigned char[m_width * m_height * 3];

    for (int i = 0; i < m_height; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < m_width; j++)
        {
            renderPixel(j, i, &m_data[3 * (m_width * i + j)]);
        }
    }

    if (m_verbose)
    {
        cout << " *** Ending scene render ***" << endl;
        cout << "Writing output file '" << m_output_file_name << '\'' << endl;
    }
    BMP outputImage(m_output_file_name.c_str(), m_width, m_height, m_data);
}

void Scene::renderPixel(int x, int y, unsigned char * pixel)
{
    /* calculate the ray going from the camera through this pixel */
    Color finalColor;
    for (int i = 0; i < m_multisample_level; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < m_multisample_level; j++)
        {
            double rx = (x + i * m_sample_span + m_half_sample_span)
                      - (m_width / 2.0);
            double rz = (m_height / 2.0)
                      - (y + j * m_sample_span + m_half_sample_span);

            Ray ray(Vector(0, 0, 0), Vector(rx, m_view_plane_dist, rz));

            finalColor += traceRay(ray);
        }
    }

    /* take the average of all the samples as the final pixel value */
    pixel[BMP_RED] = (unsigned char)
        (0xFF * finalColor.r / m_multisample_level_squared);
    pixel[BMP_GREEN] = (unsigned char)
        (0xFF * finalColor.g / m_multisample_level_squared);
    pixel[BMP_BLUE] = (unsigned char)
        (0xFF * finalColor.b / m_multisample_level_squared);
}

Color Scene::traceRay(const Ray & ray)
{
    return traceRayDepth(ray, m_max_depth);
}

Color Scene::traceRayDepth(const Ray & ray, int depth)
{
    Color color;

    ShapeDistance hit = getRayClosestHit(ray);

    if ( ! hit.shape.isNull() )
    {
        /* compute the Phong lighting for each hit */
        refptr<Material> material = hit.shape->getMaterial();

        Vector surfacePoint = ray[hit.dist];

        color += Lighting::computePhong(material,
                                        m_lights,
                                        ray,
                                        surfacePoint,
                                        hit.shape->getNormalAt(surfacePoint),
                                        m_ambient_light);
    }

    return color;
}

Scene::ShapeDistance Scene::getRayClosestHit(const Ray & ray)
{
    ShapeDistance hit;
    bool foundOne = false;

    /* loop through all shapes in the scene */
    for (vector< refptr<Shape> >::iterator it = m_shapes.begin();
         it != m_shapes.end();
         it++)
    {
        Shape::IntersectionList intersections = (*it)->intersect(*it, ray);

        for (int i = 0, num_results = intersections.size();
             i < num_results;
             i++)
        {
            refptr<Shape> shape = intersections[i].shape;
            const Vector & isect_point = intersections[i].vector;
            Vector normal = shape->getNormalAt(isect_point);
            double intersect_dist = (isect_point - ray.getOrigin()).mag();
            if (foundOne == false || intersect_dist < hit.dist)
            {
                hit.shape = shape;
                hit.dist = intersect_dist;
                foundOne = true;
            }
        }
    }

    return hit;
}

bool operator<(const Scene::ShapeDistance & sd1,
               const Scene::ShapeDistance & sd2)
{
    return sd1.dist < sd2.dist;
}