Chapter 1
1. Computing Environments
  - physical (amt. of lighting, proximity of co-workers)
  - social (ex. don't embarass user w/ auditory error message)
  - cognitive (difference in skill)
    - background (tech. degree)
    - stress
2. Five W's and H
  - What / How
  - Where / When
  - Who / Why

Chapter 8.1 - Usability
1. Ease of Learning
  - def: how long it takes for a user to be able to complete certain tasks in the time that would take an expert to do the same
  - easier to learn => less cost in training process
2. Efficiency of Use
  - how many tasks per unit of time a user can perform
3. Memorability - User Retention Over Time
  - users ability to use the system after having not used it for a while without having to learn it again
4. Error Rate / Frequency & Severity
  - to accomplish objectives with as few errors as possible
  - recoverable if any
  - no catastrophic errors
5. Subjective Satisfaction

Chapter 2.1 - Interaction Frameworks
1. Don Norman's Model
  - execution / evalutation
  -                   1. Goals
         execution      /     \       evaluation
                       /       \
    2. forming intention     7. evaluating interpretation
    3. specify actions       6. interpreting perception
    4. executing actions     5. perceiving world state
                     \           /
                      \         /
                       The World
  1) The gulf of execution
    - what the user intends != what the system allows
  2) The gulf of evaluation
    - what the system presents != what the user expects

Chapter 2.3 - Interaction Styles
1. Command Language
2. Menu selection
  - recognition - not recall
  - types:
    - push down
    - pop up
    - look ahead
  - menus for long lists
    - fisheye (OSX launch bar)
    - scrolling
    - 2D menu
3. Form fill-in
4. Question and Answer ("Wizard")
5. Direct Manipulation ("point and select")
  - visual representation of domain objects
  - direct action on objects
  - immediate and visible effects
  - reversable actions
6. Metaphors
7. Natural Language

Chapter 3 - Interaction Design Process
design - evaluation - redesign
Discount usability engineering
  - a quick-and-dirty approach
  - basic premise: designs change substantially in early development phases
  - make a prototype that shows UI to get feedback early on
  - perfection is not cost effective
  - test early and often
  - how to do
    1. scenarios
      - task analysis
      - prototyping - partial
        - use paper & pencil or simple tools
    2. simplified thinking out loud
      - use 3-6 real users
      - ask user to think out loud while performing given tasks
      - collect data by note-taking
User-Centered Design (UCD)
  - basic idea: design should emerge from the user's goals, tasks, and
    environments
  - early focus on users and tasks
  - continuous evaluations
  - iterative design

Chapter 4 - Discovery
  - what should be done before designing the interface
  - to understand the domain
    - workflows
    - stakeholders
  - 5W's + 1H
  1. collection
    - observation
    - elicitation
  2. interpretation
    - user analysis
    - task analysis
  User Analysis
    - learn by recognition, not recall
    - remember things in related groups
    - have different ways of learning and communicating
    - like to be in control
  User Categories
    1. The Novice User
      - beginner or casual
      - performance not a major concern
      - don't rely on training or documentation
    2. Intermediate User
      - efficiency of routine tasks
    3. Expert users
      - like to explore
      - need keyboard shortcuts
  Task Analysis
    - to understand a business process
    - identify what to support
    - hierarchical task analysis (HTA)
      - a top-down approach to task analysis and documentation
    - task: a goal to achieve
    - subtask: subgoals/actions
    - atomic actions - are not broken down into sub-steps
    - plans: sequences and conditions
    - consider task frequencies