diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 2fbf67d..4acc2e4 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #####################################################################
-# Author: Benjamen R. Meyer                                         #
-# Date: 2004-2-15                                                   #
+# Author: Josh Holtrop / Benjamen R. Meyer                          #
+# Date: 02/15/04    Modified: 05/21/04                              #
 # Purpose: To build Josh Holtrop's OS (HOS) using GNU make          #
 # Note: This makefile is for use on Linux & other Unix-like systems #
 #####################################################################
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 # Note: FLOPPY_FS and FLOPPY_FAT_SIZE are related fields.
 #       FLOPPY_FAT_SIZE should be either 12 or 16,
 #       depending on if FLOPPY_FS is FAT12 or FAT16, respectively.
-MKDOSFS_PROG=/sbin/mkdosfs
+MKDOSFS_PROG=mkdosfs
 FLOPPY_IMAGE=floppy.img
 FLOPPY_BLOCK_COUNT=1440
 FLOPPY_FS=FAT12
diff --git a/Makefile.ms b/Makefile.ms
deleted file mode 100644
index 94ac6fc..0000000
--- a/Makefile.ms
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,107 +0,0 @@
-#####################################################################
-# Author: Benjamen R. Meyer                                         #
-# Date: 2004-2-15                                                   #
-# Purpose: To build Josh Holtrop's OS (HOS) using GNU make          #
-# Note: This makefile is for use on Linux & other Unix-like systems #
-#####################################################################
-
-##############
-# Variables: #
-##############
-
-# Information for creating a floppy image
-# Note: FLOPPY_FS and FLOPPY_FAT_SIZE are related fields.
-#       FLOPPY_FAT_SIZE should be either 12 or 16,
-#       depending on if FLOPPY_FS is FAT12 or FAT16, respectively.
-MKDOSFS_PROG=format
-FLOPPY_IMAGE=floppy.img
-FLOPPY_BLOCK_COUNT=1440
-FLOPPY_FS=FAT12
-FLOPPY_FAT_SIZE=12
-
-# Floppy images are good for programs like VMware and Bochs Pentium Emulator. ;-)
-
-# Program for copying
-COPY_BIN=copy
-
-##########################################
-# Build the IPL (Boot Loader) and Kernel #
-##########################################
-all:
-	# A word of warning to users :-> And a little helpful information ;-)
-	@echo "Installation must be done as root."
-	@echo "Type 'make install' to install to a floppy in drive '/dev/fd0'"
-	@echo "Type 'make install_img' to create a floppy image and install to it."
-
-	cd boot; make
-	cd kernel; make -f Makefile.ms
-
-#################################################
-# Clean up the source directory of any binaries #
-#################################################
-clean:
-	cd boot; make clean
-	cd kernel; make clean
-
-
-
-###########################################
-# The following is for the floppy drive   #
-# Note: This must be done on *nix as root #
-###########################################
-
-##########################
-# Make install to floppy #
-##########################
-install: Install_IPL File_Copy
-
-############################################
-# Write the Stage 1 IPL to the boot sector #
-############################################
-Install_IPL:
-	$(MKDOSFS_PROG) a: /q /v:HOS
-	partcopy stage1.bin 0 200 -f0
-
-#################################
-# Copy the files onto the drive #
-#################################
-File_Copy:
-	@echo "Copying stage 2 bootloader to the floppy..."
-	$(COPY_BIN) boot/stage2.bin a:\
-
-	@echo "Copying kernel to the floppy..."
-	$(COPY_BIN) kernel/kernel.bin a:\
-
-
-############################################
-# The following is for the floppy image.   #
-# Note: This must be done on *nix as root. #
-############################################
-
-######################################
-# Create and Format the floppy image #
-######################################
-install_img:
-	$(MKDOSFS_PROG) -C -F $(FLOPPY_FAT_SIZE) -r 112 $(FLOPPY_IMAGE) $(FLOPPY_BLOCK_COUNT)
-
-############################################
-# Write the Stage 1 IPL to the boot sector #
-############################################
-	@echo "Writing boot sector to image..."
-	dd if=stage1.bin of=$(FLOPPY_IMAGE) seek=0
-
-#################################
-# Copy the files onto the image #
-#################################
-	@echo "Mounting floppy image..."
-	mount $(FLOPPY_IMAGE) $(FLOPPY_MOUNT) -o loop
-
-	@echo "Copying stage 2 bootloader to the floppy image..."
-	$(COPY_BIN) stage2.bin $(FLOPPY_MOUNT)
-	@echo "Copying kernel to the floppy image..."
-	$(COPY_BIN) kernel.bin $(FLOPPY_MOUNT)
-
-	@echo "Unmounting floppy image..."
-	mount $(FLOPPY_IMAGE) $(FLOPPY_MOUNT) -o loop
-
-
diff --git a/boot/Makefile b/boot/Makefile
index a5869c7..c75869c 100644
--- a/boot/Makefile
+++ b/boot/Makefile
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
-########################
-# Author: Josh Holtrop #
-# Date: 2004-2-15      #
-########################
+#####################################################################
+# Author: Josh Holtrop / Benjamen R. Meyer                          #
+# Date: 02/15/04                                                    #
+# Purpose: To build Josh Holtrop's OS (HOS) using GNU make          #
+# Note: This makefile is for use on Linux & other Unix-like systems #
+#####################################################################
 
 # Assembler information:
 NASM_BIN=nasm
diff --git a/boot/bootdef.inc b/boot/bootdef.inc
index ca45f57..7f4e30d 100644
--- a/boot/bootdef.inc
+++ b/boot/bootdef.inc
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-%define VERSION		"0.14"			;HOS version
+%define VERSION		"0.03"			;HOS bootloader version
 
 %define BOOT_FAT_SEG	0x07E0			;right after boot sector
 %define BOOT_ROOT_SEG	0x0900			;right after FAT
diff --git a/boot/stage1.asm b/boot/stage1.asm
index 8cd3c99..730e81e 100644
--- a/boot/stage1.asm
+++ b/boot/stage1.asm
@@ -1,4 +1,11 @@
 
+;stage1.asm
+;This is the stage1 section of the HOS bootloader
+;It is 512 bytes to be put on the first sector of a floppy
+;Author: Josh Holtrop
+;Date: 03/11/04
+;Modified: 05/21/04
+
 %include "bootdef.inc"
 
 [bits 16]
diff --git a/boot/stage2.asm b/boot/stage2.asm
index 88096a0..9ebfb79 100644
--- a/boot/stage2.asm
+++ b/boot/stage2.asm
@@ -1,4 +1,11 @@
 
+;stage2.asm
+;This is the stage2 section of the HOS bootloader
+;It is to be copied into the normal FAT12 filesystem to be loaded by stage1
+;Author: Josh Holtrop
+;Date: 03/11/04
+;Modified: 05/21/04
+
 %include "bootdef.inc"
 
 %define VESA_MODEINFO_SEG 0x0120
@@ -851,7 +858,7 @@ puthex2_goon2:
 	ret
 
 ;------------------------------------------------------
-txt_welcome: db	"                             Welcome to HOS v", VERSION, "!                              ", 0
+txt_welcome: db	"                             HOS bootloader v", VERSION, "!                              ", 0
 txt_rd1: db	"1. Do not load an initial ram disk", 0
 txt_rd2: db	"2. Load initial ram disk from boot media", 0
 txt_input: db	"Enter your selection: ", 0
diff --git a/kernel/Makefile b/kernel/Makefile
index 7609214..2739a72 100644
--- a/kernel/Makefile
+++ b/kernel/Makefile
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #####################################################################
-# Author: Benjamen R. Meyer                                         #
-# Date: 2004-2-15                                                   #
+# Author: Josh Holtrop / Benjamen R. Meyer                          #
+# Date: 02/15/04    Modified: 05/21/04                              #
 # Purpose: To build Josh Holtrop's OS (HOS) using GNU make          #
 # Note: This makefile is for use on Linux & other Unix-like systems #
 #####################################################################
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ NASM_BIN=nasm
 NASM_FLAGS=-f $(KERNEL_FORMAT)
 
 # C Compile Information:
-CC=gcc
-CC_FLAGS=-ffreestanding -fleading-underscore -fno-builtin -nostdlib -nodefaultlibs -I. -Wall
+CPP=g++
+CPP_FLAGS=-fleading-underscore -fno-builtin -nostdlib -nostdinc++ -nostartfiles -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions -nodefaultlibs -I. -Wall
 
 # Linker Information:
 LD=ld
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ LD_FLAGS=-nodefaultlibs -nostdlib --no-demangle -T link.ld
 # Linking the kernel together #
 ###############################
 all: Asm_Kernel Asm_Functions C_Kernel
-	$(LD) $(LD_FLAGS) -o kernel.bin -Map ./lst/LDout.doc ks.o kernel.o asmfuncs.o fdc.o functions.o keyboard.o kio.o mm.o mouse.o stdfont.o video.o vmm.o rtc.o pic.o io.o string.o cmos.o
+	$(LD) $(LD_FLAGS) -o kernel.bin -Map ./lst/LDout.doc ks.o kernel.o asmfuncs.o fdc.o keyboard.o kio.o mm.o mouse.o stdfont.o video.o vmm.o rtc.o pic.o io.o string.o cmos.o hos_defines.o
 
 ##########################
 # Assembly Kernel Loader #
@@ -48,21 +48,21 @@ Asm_Functions: asmfuncs.asm
 # C Kernel #
 ############
 C_Kernel:
-	$(CC) $(CC_FLAGS) -c kernel.c -o kernel.o
-	$(CC) $(CC_FLAGS) -c kio.c -o kio.o
-	$(CC) $(CC_FLAGS) -c functions.c -o functions.o
-	$(CC) $(CC_FLAGS) -c sys/rtc.c -o rtc.o
-	$(CC) $(CC_FLAGS) -c sys/pic.c -o pic.o
-	$(CC) $(CC_FLAGS) -c sys/io.c -o io.o
-	$(CC) $(CC_FLAGS) -c sys/cmos.c -o cmos.o
-	$(CC) $(CC_FLAGS) -c string/string.c -o string.o
-	$(CC) $(CC_FLAGS) -c video/stdfont.c -o stdfont.o
-	$(CC) $(CC_FLAGS) -c video/video.c -o video.o
-	$(CC) $(CC_FLAGS) -c block/fdc.c -o fdc.o
-	$(CC) $(CC_FLAGS) -c char/keyboard.c -o keyboard.o
-	$(CC) $(CC_FLAGS) -c char/mouse.c -o mouse.o
-	$(CC) $(CC_FLAGS) -c mm/mm.c -o mm.o
-	$(CC) $(CC_FLAGS) -c mm/vmm.c -o vmm.o
+	$(CPP) $(CPP_FLAGS) -c kernel.cpp -o kernel.o
+	$(CPP) $(CPP_FLAGS) -c kio.cpp -o kio.o
+	$(CPP) $(CPP_FLAGS) -c sys/rtc.cpp -o rtc.o
+	$(CPP) $(CPP_FLAGS) -c sys/pic.cpp -o pic.o
+	$(CPP) $(CPP_FLAGS) -c sys/io.cpp -o io.o
+	$(CPP) $(CPP_FLAGS) -c sys/cmos.cpp -o cmos.o
+	$(CPP) $(CPP_FLAGS) -c string/string.cpp -o string.o
+	$(CPP) $(CPP_FLAGS) -c video/stdfont.cpp -o stdfont.o
+	$(CPP) $(CPP_FLAGS) -c video/video.cpp -o video.o
+	$(CPP) $(CPP_FLAGS) -c block/fdc.cpp -o fdc.o
+	$(CPP) $(CPP_FLAGS) -c char/keyboard.cpp -o keyboard.o
+	$(CPP) $(CPP_FLAGS) -c char/mouse.cpp -o mouse.o
+	$(CPP) $(CPP_FLAGS) -c mm/mm.cpp -o mm.o
+	$(CPP) $(CPP_FLAGS) -c mm/vmm.cpp -o vmm.o
+	$(CPP) $(CPP_FLAGS) -c hos_defines.cpp -o hos_defines.o
 
 #################################################
 # Clean up the source directory of any binaries #
diff --git a/kernel/asmfuncs.h b/kernel/asmfuncs.h
index 312a2ae..0884525 100644
--- a/kernel/asmfuncs.h
+++ b/kernel/asmfuncs.h
@@ -1,30 +1,35 @@
 // asmfuncs.h
 // Author: Josh Holtrop
 // Created: 02/26/04
+// Modified: 05/21/04
 
 #ifndef __HOS_ASMFUNCS__
 #define __HOS_ASMFUNCS__ __HOS_ASMFUNCS__
 
 #include "hos_defines.h"
 
-dword write_cr0(dword cr0);
-dword read_cr0();
-dword write_cr3(dword cr3);
-dword read_cr2();
-dword read_cr3();
-void writeCursorPosition(dword pos);
-dword getCursorPosition();
-int puts(char *str);
-int putDec(int number);
-int putDecu(dword number);
-void strcpy(char *dest, char *src);
-void memcpy(void *dest, void *src, dword n);
-void memcpyd(void *dest, void *src, dword n);
-void *memset(void *buffer, int c, int num);
-void *memsetw(void *buffer, int c, int num);
-void *memsetd(void *buffer, int c, int num);
-dword strlen(char *str);
-void invlpg_(dword addr);
+extern "C" {
+
+	dword write_cr0(dword cr0);
+	dword read_cr0();
+	dword write_cr3(dword cr3);
+	dword read_cr2();
+	dword read_cr3();
+	void writeCursorPosition(dword pos);
+	dword getCursorPosition();
+	int puts(char *str);
+	int putDec(int number);
+	int putDecu(dword number);
+	void strcpy(char *dest, char *src);
+	void memcpy(void *dest, void *src, dword n);
+	void memcpyd(void *dest, void *src, dword n);
+	void *memset(void *buffer, int c, int num);
+	void *memsetw(void *buffer, int c, int num);
+	void *memsetd(void *buffer, int c, int num);
+	dword strlen(char *str);
+	void invlpg_(dword addr);
+
+}
 
 #endif
 
diff --git a/kernel/block/fdc.c b/kernel/block/fdc.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from kernel/block/fdc.c
rename to kernel/block/fdc.cpp
diff --git a/kernel/block/loop.c b/kernel/block/loop.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from kernel/block/loop.c
rename to kernel/block/loop.cpp
diff --git a/kernel/block/rd.c b/kernel/block/rd.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from kernel/block/rd.c
rename to kernel/block/rd.cpp
diff --git a/kernel/char/keyboard.c b/kernel/char/keyboard.cpp
similarity index 98%
rename from kernel/char/keyboard.c
rename to kernel/char/keyboard.cpp
index 6767b1e..113eac2 100644
--- a/kernel/char/keyboard.c
+++ b/kernel/char/keyboard.cpp
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ byte ackReason = 0;		//used to record the reason why we would get an acknowledge
 
 //these arrays convert a keyboard scan code to an ASCII character value
                                    //nul esc            bksp tab              lctl            lsft            rsft lalt caps F1  F2  F3  F4  F5  F6  F7  F8  F9  F10 numScrlNumPad-------                                  unknown---- F11 F12 unknown....
-const byte SCAN2ASCII[128]      = "\000\0331234567890-=\010\011qwertyuiop[]\n\001asdfghjkl;'`\001\\zxcvbnm,./\001*\001 \001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001-\001\001\001+\001\001\001\001\001\002\002\002\001\001\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002";
-const byte SCAN2ASCIISHIFT[128] = "\000\033!@#$%^&*()_+\010\011QWERTYUIOP{}\n\001ASDFGHJKL:\"~\001|ZXCVBNM<>?\001*\001 \001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001789-456+1230.\002\002\002\001\001\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002";
+const byte SCAN2ASCII[129]      = "\000\0331234567890-=\010\011qwertyuiop[]\n\001asdfghjkl;'`\001\\zxcvbnm,./\001*\001 \001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001-\001\001\001+\001\001\001\001\001\002\002\002\001\001\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002";
+const byte SCAN2ASCIISHIFT[129] = "\000\033!@#$%^&*()_+\010\011QWERTYUIOP{}\n\001ASDFGHJKL:\"~\001|ZXCVBNM<>?\001*\001 \001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001789-456+1230.\002\002\002\001\001\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002";
 
 //====FUNCTIONS:
 // The Keyboard Interrupt Service Routine
diff --git a/kernel/char/mouse.c b/kernel/char/mouse.cpp
similarity index 93%
rename from kernel/char/mouse.c
rename to kernel/char/mouse.cpp
index 817c50d..82cff4c 100644
--- a/kernel/char/mouse.c
+++ b/kernel/char/mouse.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // mouse.c
-// 10/03/03
 // Author: Josh Holtrop
+// Date: 10/03/03
+// Modified: 05/21/04
 
 #include "mouse.h"
 #include "hos_defines.h"
@@ -11,7 +12,7 @@
 
 int mouse_x;
 int mouse_y;
-int mouse_bytesRead = 0;
+int mouse_bytesRead;
 byte mouse_inbuffer[MOUSE_BUFFER_LENGTH];
 
 //This method initializes the ps/2 mouse
@@ -29,6 +30,8 @@ void mouse_init()
 	
 	mouse_x = video_getWidth() >> 1;
 	mouse_y = video_getHeight() >> 1;
+	
+	mouse_bytesRead = 0;
 
 	//outportb(0x64, 0xD4);
 	//outportb(0x60, 0xE7);	//scaling 2:1
@@ -59,7 +62,7 @@ void isr_mouse()
 		if (mouse_y >= video_getHeight())
 			mouse_y = video_getHeight() - 1;
 		if (mouse_inbuffer[0] & 0x01)	//left button
-			video_pset(mouse_x, mouse_y, 0x00FF8800);
+			video_pset(mouse_x, mouse_y, 0x00FF9900);
 		else
 			video_pset(mouse_x, mouse_y, 0x00FFFFFF);
 	}
diff --git a/kernel/fs/vfat.c b/kernel/fs/vfat.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from kernel/fs/vfat.c
rename to kernel/fs/vfat.cpp
diff --git a/kernel/fs/vfat.h b/kernel/fs/vfat.h
index e2b400c..0180505 100644
--- a/kernel/fs/vfat.h
+++ b/kernel/fs/vfat.h
@@ -128,7 +128,6 @@ FILE	*vfat_open(char *fileName, dword attributes, Volume *vol);
 vfat_bpb *vfat_getBootSector(Volume *vol);
 int	vfat_close(FILE *fp);
 byte	*vfat_loadFAT(Volume *vol, vfat_bpb *bpb)
-vfat_getEntryInRoot(vol, bpb, fileName, 0);
 
 #endif
 
diff --git a/kernel/fs/vfs.c b/kernel/fs/vfs.cpp
similarity index 98%
rename from kernel/fs/vfs.c
rename to kernel/fs/vfs.cpp
index da68184..b9798be 100644
--- a/kernel/fs/vfs.c
+++ b/kernel/fs/vfs.cpp
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 
 Volume *firstVolume = 0;
 Volume *rootVolume = 0;
+MountPoint *firstMountPoint = 0;
 
 void vfs_init()
 {
diff --git a/kernel/fs/vfs.h b/kernel/fs/vfs.h
index 85f8080..45e1829 100644
--- a/kernel/fs/vfs.h
+++ b/kernel/fs/vfs.h
@@ -30,6 +30,13 @@ typedef struct
 	Volume	*vol;				//what volume this file is on
 } FILE;
 
+typedef struct
+{
+	char *device;
+	char *mount;
+	void *mp;
+} MountPoint;
+
 #define FILE_READ 1
 #define FILE_WRITE 2
 #define FILE_READ_WRITE 3
diff --git a/kernel/functions.c b/kernel/functions.c
deleted file mode 100644
index ee8d4b5..0000000
--- a/kernel/functions.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-//Functions.c
-//05/07/03 Josh Holtrop
-//for HOS
-//Modified: 02/26/04
-
-#include "functions.h"
-
-
diff --git a/kernel/functions.h b/kernel/functions.h
index 1470e4b..568912e 100644
--- a/kernel/functions.h
+++ b/kernel/functions.h
@@ -13,17 +13,6 @@ extern dword _code;
 extern dword _bss;
 extern dword _end;
 
-/*
-inline void enable_ints();
-inline void disable_ints();
-inline void restart();
-inline void halt();
-inline dword kernel_size();
-inline void timer_init();
-inline byte bcd2byte(byte bcd);
-inline byte byte2bcd(byte bite);
-*/
-
 //Enables (SeTs) Interrupt Flag on the processor
 static inline void enable_ints()
 {
@@ -50,9 +39,7 @@ static inline void restart()
 
 
 	outportb (0x64, 0xfe);
-	for (;;)
-	{
-	}
+	for (;;) {}
 }
 
 //Halts (freezes) the computer
@@ -60,8 +47,7 @@ static inline void halt()
 {
  	asm("cli");
  	asm("hlt");
- 	while (1)
- 	;
+ 	while (1);
 }
 
 //Initializes 8253 Programmable Interrupt Timer
@@ -73,19 +59,28 @@ static inline void timer_init()
 	outportb(0x40, 0x2e); //msb
 }
 
+//Returns the size of the kernel (code & data)
+// - this does include the bss section
+// - this should be 4kb aligned per the linker script
+// - this is the amount of RAM the kernel code, data, & bss take
+static inline dword kernel_size_used()
+{
+	return (dword)(&_end)-(dword)(&_code);
+}
+
 //Returns the size of the kernel (code & data)
 // - this does not include the bss section
 // - this should be 4kb aligned per the linker script
 // - this should be the size of kernel.bin
 static inline dword kernel_size()
 {
-	return (dword)(&_end)-(dword)(&_code);
+	return (dword)(&_bss)-(dword)(&_code);
 }
 
 //converts a binary-coded-decimal byte to its decimal equivalent
 static inline byte bcd2byte(byte bcd)
 {
- 	return (10* ((bcd & 0xF0) >> 4)) + (bcd & 0x0F);
+ 	return (10 * ((bcd & 0xF0) >> 4)) + (bcd & 0x0F);
 }
 
 //converts a binary-coded-decimal byte to its decimal equivalent
diff --git a/kernel/hos_defines.cpp b/kernel/hos_defines.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e08e5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/hos_defines.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+
+#include "mm/vmm.h"
+
+//overload the operator "new"
+void * operator new (dword size)
+{
+    return malloc(size);
+}
+
+//overload the operator "new[]"
+void * operator new[] (dword size)
+{
+    return malloc(size);
+}
+
+//overload the operator "delete"
+void operator delete (void *p)
+{
+    free(p);
+}
+
+//overload the operator "delete[]"
+void operator delete[] (void *p)
+{
+    free(p);
+}
+
diff --git a/kernel/hos_defines.h b/kernel/hos_defines.h
index 7f4beed..954fbd2 100644
--- a/kernel/hos_defines.h
+++ b/kernel/hos_defines.h
@@ -29,6 +29,18 @@ typedef struct {
 	dword	highdword;
 } __attribute__((packed)) qword;
 
+//overload the operator "new"
+void * operator new (dword size);
+
+//overload the operator "new[]"
+void * operator new[] (dword size);
+
+//overload the operator "delete"
+void operator delete (void *p);
+
+//overload the operator "delete[]"
+void operator delete[] (void *p);
 
 #endif
 
+
diff --git a/kernel/kernel.c b/kernel/kernel.cpp
similarity index 84%
rename from kernel/kernel.c
rename to kernel/kernel.cpp
index 37f5db4..3b042c9 100644
--- a/kernel/kernel.c
+++ b/kernel/kernel.cpp
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@
 #include "video/stdfont.h"	//Standard font bitmask array
 #include "video/video.h"	//video functions
 
+extern "C" {
+
 void isr(dword num);
 void k_init();
 
@@ -60,11 +62,12 @@ void k_init()
 		kio_drawConsole();
 	}
 
-	printf("HOS 0.14 - Kernel File Size: %u kb\n", kernel_size()>>10);
+	printf("HOS 0.14 - Kernel File Size: %uKb Mem Used: %uKb\n", kernel_size()>>10, kernel_size_used()>>10);
 	printf("Memory available to OS: %u MB (%u bytes)\n", mm_getTotalMegs(), mm_getTotalMem());
 	printf("Free memory: %u bytes (%u pages)\n", mm_freemem(), mm_freemem()>>12);
-	printf("%b/%b/%b\t%b:%b:%b\n", rtc_readMonth(), rtc_readDay(), rtc_readYear(), rtc_readHour(), rtc_readMinute(), rtc_readSecond());
-
+	printf("Built on %s at %s\n", __DATE__, __TIME__);
+	printf("%b/%b/%b %b:%b:%b\n", rtc_readMonth(), rtc_readDay(), rtc_readYear(), rtc_readHour(), rtc_readMinute(), rtc_readSecond());
+	
 	dword key = 0;
 	for (;;)
 	{
@@ -86,6 +89,13 @@ void isr(dword num)
 	case 0x20:         		// IRQ0 - timer interrupt
 		timer++;
 		(*(byte *)(0xc00b8000))++;
+		if (!(timer % 100))
+		{
+			dword curPos = kio_getCursorPosition();
+			kio_writeCursorPosition(72);
+			printf("%b:%b:%b\n", rtc_readHour(), rtc_readMinute(), rtc_readSecond());
+			kio_writeCursorPosition(curPos);
+		}
 		pic_eoi();
 		break;
 	case 0x21:  			// IRQ1 - keyboard interrupt
@@ -102,7 +112,7 @@ void isr(dword num)
 	}
 }
 
-
+}
 
 
 
diff --git a/kernel/kio.c b/kernel/kio.cpp
similarity index 93%
rename from kernel/kio.c
rename to kernel/kio.cpp
index 6b28500..e625dac 100644
--- a/kernel/kio.c
+++ b/kernel/kio.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // kio.c
 // Author: Josh Holtrop
 // Created: 12/25/03
-// Modified: 03/09/04
+// Modified: 04/06/04
 
 #include "hos_defines.h"
 #include "kio.h"
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ word	console_memory[2000];		//holds a copy of the console's memory
 
 // This is the main output routine, it uses a format string and a variable
 //  number of arguments to print formatted text
+extern "C" {
 void	printf(char *fmt, ...)
 {
 	dword *params = ((dword *)(&fmt)) + 1;		//points to the first paramater
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ void	printf(char *fmt, ...)
 				putc(*params);
 				params++;
 				break;
-			case 'd': case 'D':
+			case 'd': case 'D': case 'i': case 'I':
 				putDec(*params);
 				params++;
 				break;
@@ -186,7 +187,7 @@ void	kio_drawConsole()
 	{
 		for (y = 0; y < 25; y++)
 		{
-			video_renderChar(x*6+10, y*10+10, console_memory[y*80+x], 0, 0x00FFFFFF);
+			video_renderChar(x*6+10, y*10+10, console_memory[y*80+x], 0, 0x00FFFFFF, 0, 0);
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -197,9 +198,19 @@ void	kio_drawConsoleChar(dword position)
 {
  	int x = position % 80;
  	int y = position / 80;
-	video_renderChar(x*6+10, y*10+10, console_memory[y*80+x], 0, 0x00FFFFFF);
+	video_renderChar(x*6+10, y*10+10, console_memory[y*80+x], 0, 0x00FFFFFF, 1, 0);
 }
 
 
+dword	kio_getCursorPosition()
+{
+	return cursorPosition;
+}
+
+void	kio_writeCursorPosition(dword position)
+{
+	cursorPosition = position;
+}
 
 
+}
diff --git a/kernel/kio.h b/kernel/kio.h
index c66fd02..8ba488c 100644
--- a/kernel/kio.h
+++ b/kernel/kio.h
@@ -1,21 +1,27 @@
 // kio.h
 // Author: Josh Holtrop
 // Created: 12/25/03
-// Modified: 03/09/04
+// Modified: 05/21/04
 
 #ifndef __HOS_KIO__
 #define __HOS_KIO__ __HOS_KIO__
 
 #include "hos_defines.h"
 
-void	printf(char *fmt, ...);
-void	putc(dword chr);
-void	putHex(dword number);
-void	kio_drawConsole();
-void	kio_drawConsoleChar(dword position);
-void	kio_console_scroll();
-void	kio_console_cls();
-void	kio_putBCD(dword bcd);
+extern "C" {
+
+	void	printf(char *fmt, ...);
+	void	putc(dword chr);
+	void	putHex(dword number);
+	void	kio_drawConsole();
+	void	kio_drawConsoleChar(dword position);
+	void	kio_console_scroll();
+	void	kio_console_cls();
+	void	kio_putBCD(dword bcd);
+	dword	kio_getCursorPosition();
+	void	kio_writeCursorPosition(dword position);
+
+}
 
 #endif
 
diff --git a/kernel/link.ld b/kernel/link.ld
index fed2639..5c3a6cb 100644
--- a/kernel/link.ld
+++ b/kernel/link.ld
@@ -12,8 +12,12 @@ SECTIONS
     *(.data)
     . = ALIGN(4096);
   }
-  .bss  :
-  {
+  .rodata  : {
+    rodata = .; _rodata = .; __rodata = .;
+    *(.rodata)
+    . = ALIGN(4096);
+  }
+  .bss  : {
     bss = .; _bss = .; __bss = .;
     *(.bss)
     . = ALIGN(4096);
diff --git a/kernel/mm/mm.c b/kernel/mm/mm.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from kernel/mm/mm.c
rename to kernel/mm/mm.cpp
diff --git a/kernel/mm/vmm.c b/kernel/mm/vmm.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from kernel/mm/vmm.c
rename to kernel/mm/vmm.cpp
diff --git a/kernel/string/string.c b/kernel/string/string.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from kernel/string/string.c
rename to kernel/string/string.cpp
diff --git a/kernel/sys/cmos.c b/kernel/sys/cmos.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from kernel/sys/cmos.c
rename to kernel/sys/cmos.cpp
diff --git a/kernel/sys/io.c b/kernel/sys/io.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from kernel/sys/io.c
rename to kernel/sys/io.cpp
diff --git a/kernel/sys/pic.c b/kernel/sys/pic.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from kernel/sys/pic.c
rename to kernel/sys/pic.cpp
diff --git a/kernel/sys/rtc.c b/kernel/sys/rtc.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from kernel/sys/rtc.c
rename to kernel/sys/rtc.cpp
diff --git a/kernel/video/stdfont.c b/kernel/video/stdfont.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from kernel/video/stdfont.c
rename to kernel/video/stdfont.cpp
diff --git a/kernel/video/video.c b/kernel/video/video.cpp
similarity index 97%
rename from kernel/video/video.c
rename to kernel/video/video.cpp
index 43f5fbd..60154bf 100644
--- a/kernel/video/video.c
+++ b/kernel/video/video.cpp
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ void	video_init()
 }
 
 //Renders a character using stdfont[] as a bitmask
-void	video_renderChar(int x, int y, int character, int font, dword color)
+void	video_renderChar(int x, int y, int character, int font, dword color, int drawBack, dword backColor)
 {
 	int charWidth = stdfont_getFontWidth(font);
 	if (!charWidth)
@@ -53,6 +53,8 @@ void	video_renderChar(int x, int y, int character, int font, dword color)
 		{
 			if ((charBMP[charpos + row] << col) & 0x80)
 				video_pset(x + col, y + row, color);
+			else if (drawBack)
+				video_pset(x + col, y + row, backColor);
 		}
 	}
 }
diff --git a/kernel/video/video.h b/kernel/video/video.h
index 9e2d03b..6c6f1e6 100644
--- a/kernel/video/video.h
+++ b/kernel/video/video.h
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ void	video_psetp16(int pixel, dword color);
 void	video_psetp24(int pixel, dword color);
 void	video_psetp32(int pixel, dword color);
 void	video_psetpnull(int pixel, dword color);
-void	video_renderChar(int x, int y, int character, int font, dword color);
+void	video_renderChar(int x, int y, int character, int font, dword color, int drawBack, dword backColor);
 int	video_getWidth();
 int	video_getHeight();
 byte	video_getBitsPerPixel();
diff --git a/nous/asmfuncs.asm b/nous/asmfuncs.asm
deleted file mode 100644
index b37eda2..0000000
--- a/nous/asmfuncs.asm
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,510 +0,0 @@
-; asmfuncs.asm
-; Josh Holtrop
-; Created: 10/23/03
-; Modified: 02/26/04
-
-[extern putc]
-[extern console_memory]
-[extern cursorPosition]
-[extern video_drawConsole]
-[extern videoMode]
-
-%macro jzfar 1
-	jnz	%%skip
-	jmp	%1
-%%skip:
-
-%endmacro
-
-;stores the parameter to the CR0 register
-;extern dword write_cr0(dword cr0);
-[global write_cr0]
-write_cr0:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-	mov	eax, [ebp+8]
-	mov	cr0, eax
-	pop	ebp
-	ret
-
-;returns the value in the CR0 register
-;extern dword read_cr0();
-[global read_cr0]
-read_cr0:
-	mov	eax, cr0;
-	ret
-
-;stores the parameter to the CR3 register
-;extern dword write_cr3(dword cr3);
-[global write_cr3]
-write_cr3:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-	mov	eax, [ebp+8]
-	mov	cr3, eax
-	pop	ebp
-	ret
-
-
-;returns the value in the CR2 register
-;extern dword read_cr2();
-[global read_cr2]
-read_cr2:
-	mov	eax, cr2;
-	ret
-
-
-
-;returns the value in the CR3 register
-;extern dword read_cr3();
-[global read_cr3]
-read_cr3:
-	mov	eax, cr3;
-	ret
-
-
-;compares one string to another
-;returns 0 if the strings are different
-;extern dword strcmp(char *str1, char *str2);
-[global strcmp]
-strcmp:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-	push	esi
-	push	edi
-
-	mov	esi, [ebp+8]
-	mov	edi, [ebp+12]
-strcmp_loop1:
-	lodsb
-	mov	ah, [edi]
-	inc	edi
-	cmp	ah, al
-	jnz	strcmp_ne
-	or	al, al
-	jz	strcmp_e
-	jmp	strcmp_loop1
-strcmp_e:
-	mov	eax, 1
-	jmp short strcmp_done
-strcmp_ne:
-	xor	eax, eax
-strcmp_done:
-
-	pop	edi
-	pop	esi
-	pop	ebp
-	ret
-
-;copies a string from the source to the destination parameter
-;extern void strcpy(char *dest, char *src);
-[global strcpy]
-strcpy:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-	push	esi
-	push	edi
-	mov	edi, [ebp+8]
-	mov	esi, [ebp+12]
-strcpyloop:
-	lodsb
-	stosb
-	or	al, al
-	jnz	strcpyloop
-	pop	edi
-	pop	esi
-	pop	ebp
-	ret
-
-;copies memory of n bytes from src to destination
-;void memcpy(void *dest, void *src, dword n);
-[global memcpy]
-memcpy:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-	push	esi
-	push	edi
-	push	ecx
-	mov	edi, [ebp+8]
-	mov	esi, [ebp+12]
-	mov	ecx, [ebp+16]
-
-	cld
-	rep	movsb
-
-	pop	ecx
-	pop	edi
-	pop	esi
-	pop	ebp
-	ret
-
-
-;copies memory of n dwords (n*4 bytes) from src to destination
-;void memcpyd(void *dest, void *src, dword n);
-[global memcpyd]
-memcpyd:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-	push	esi
-	push	edi
-	push	ecx
-	mov	edi, [ebp+8]
-	mov	esi, [ebp+12]
-	mov	ecx, [ebp+16]
-
-	cld
-	rep	movsd
-
-	pop	ecx
-	pop	edi
-	pop	esi
-	pop	ebp
-	ret
-
-
-;sets num bytes at buffer to the value of c
-;void *memset(void *buffer, int c, int num);
-[global memset]
-memset:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-	push	edi
-	push	ecx
-	mov	edi, [ebp+8]
-	push	edi		;save for return address
-	mov	eax, [ebp+12]
-	mov	ecx, [ebp+16]
-
-	rep	stosb
-
-        pop	eax
-	pop	ecx
-	pop	edi
-	pop	ebp
-	ret
-
-
-;sets num words at buffer to the value of c
-;void *memsetw(void *buffer, int c, int num);
-[global memsetw]
-memsetw:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-	push	edi
-	push	ecx
-	mov	edi, [ebp+8]
-	push	edi		;save for return address
-	mov	eax, [ebp+12]
-	mov	ecx, [ebp+16]
-
-	rep	stosw
-
-        pop	eax
-	pop	ecx
-	pop	edi
-	pop	ebp
-	ret
-
-        
-;sets num dwords at buffer to the value of c
-;void *memsetd(void *buffer, int c, int num);
-[global memsetd]
-memsetd:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-	push	edi
-	push	ecx
-	mov	edi, [ebp+8]
-	push	edi		;save for return address
-	mov	eax, [ebp+12]
-	mov	ecx, [ebp+16]
-
-	rep	stosd
-
-        pop	eax
-	pop	ecx
-	pop	edi
-	pop	ebp
-	ret
-
-
-;returns the number of characters in a string
-;extern dword strlen(char *str);
-[global strlen]
-strlen:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-	push	esi
-	push	ebx
-	mov	esi, [ebp+8]
-	xor	ebx, ebx
-strlenloop:
-	lodsb
-	or	al, al
-	jz	strlendone
-	inc	ebx
-	jmp	strlenloop
-strlendone:
-	mov	eax, ebx
-	pop	ebx
-	pop	esi
-	pop	ebp
-	ret
-
-;this function invalidates the page directory/table entry that
-; would be used to access the memory address given in the parameter
-;extern void invlpg_(dword addr);
-[global invlpg_]
-invlpg_:
-	mov	eax, [esp+4]
-	invlpg	[eax]
-	ret
-
-
-;
-;void writeCursorPosition(word pos)
-;
-[global writeCursorPosition]
-writeCursorPosition:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-
-	push	eax
-	push	ebx
-	push	edx
-
-	mov	eax, [ebp+8]	;cursor position in ax
-
-	mov	bl, al
-	mov	dx, 0x03D4
-	mov	al, 0x0E
-	out	dx, al
-
-	inc	dx
-	mov	al, ah
-	out	dx, al
-
-	dec	dx
-	mov	al, 0x0F
-	out	dx, al
-
-	inc	dx
-	mov	al, bl
-	out	dx, al
-
-	pop	edx
-	pop	ebx
-	pop	eax
-	pop	ebp
-
-	ret
-
-
-;
-;word getCursorPosition()
-;
-[global getCursorPosition]
-getCursorPosition:
-	push	ebx
-	push	edx
-
-	xor	eax, eax
-	mov	dx, 0x03D4
-	mov	al, 0x0E
-	out	dx, al
-
-	inc	dx
-	in	al, dx
-	mov	bl, al
-
-	dec	dx
-	mov	al, 0x0F
-	out	dx, al
-
-	inc	dx
-	in	al, dx
-	mov	ah, bl
-
-	pop	edx
-	pop	ebx
-
-	ret
-
-
-;
-;int puts(char *str)
-;
-[global puts]
-puts:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-	push	esi
-	push	eax
-	mov	esi, [ebp+8]			;esi = to string
-puts_loop:
-	lodsb
-	cmp	al, 0
-	jz	puts_done
-	push	eax
-	call	putc
-	add	esp, 4
-	jmp	puts_loop
-
-puts_done:
-	pop	eax
-	pop	esi
-	pop	ebp
-	ret
-
-
-
-        
-[global putDecu]
-putDecu:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-	sub	esp, 24
-	mov	DWORD [ebp-4], 1
-	mov	BYTE [ebp-5], 0
-L2:
-	mov	edx, DWORD [ebp+8]
-	mov	eax, -858993459
-	mul	edx
-	mov	eax, edx
-	shr	eax, 3
-	cmp	eax, DWORD [ebp-4]
-	jae	L4
-	jmp	L3
-L4:
-	mov	eax, DWORD [ebp-4]
-	mov	edx, eax
-	sal	edx, 2
-	add	edx, eax
-	lea	eax, [edx+edx]
-	mov	DWORD [ebp-4], eax
-	jmp	L2
-L3:
-	nop
-L5:
-	cmp	DWORD [ebp-4], 1
-	ja	L7
-	jmp	L6
-L7:
-	mov	edx, DWORD [ebp+8]
-	mov	eax, edx
-	mov	edx, 0
-	div	DWORD [ebp-4]
-	mov	DWORD [ebp-12], eax
-	mov	al, BYTE [ebp-12]
-	mov	BYTE [ebp-5], al
-	mov	eax, 0
-	mov	al, BYTE [ebp-5]
-	imul	eax, DWORD [ebp-4]
-	sub	DWORD [ebp+8], eax
-	mov	edx, DWORD [ebp-4]
-	mov	eax, -858993459
-	mul	edx
-	mov	eax, edx
-	shr	eax, 3
-	mov	DWORD [ebp-4], eax
-	lea	eax, [ebp-5]
-	add	BYTE [eax], 48
-	sub	esp, 12
-	mov	eax, 0
-	mov	al, BYTE [ebp-5]
-	push	eax
-	call	putc
-	add	esp, 16
-	jmp	L5
-L6:
-	sub	esp, 12
-	mov	al, BYTE [ebp+8]
-	add	eax, 48
-	and	eax, 255
-	push	eax
-	call	putc
-	add	esp, 16
-	leave
-	ret
-
-
-
-
-[global putDec]
-putDec:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-	sub	esp, 24
-	cmp	DWORD [ebp+8], 0
-	jns	L9
-	sub	esp, 12
-	push	45
-	call	putc
-	add	esp, 16
-	neg	DWORD [ebp+8]
-L9:
-	mov	DWORD [ebp-4], 1
-	mov	BYTE [ebp-5], 0
-L10:
-	mov	eax, DWORD [ebp+8]
-	cmp	eax, DWORD [ebp-4]
-	jae	L12
-	jmp	L11
-L12:
-	mov	eax, DWORD [ebp-4]
-	mov	edx, eax
-	sal	edx, 2
-	add	edx, eax
-	lea	eax, [edx+edx]
-	mov	DWORD [ebp-4], eax
-	jmp	L10
-L11:
-	mov	edx, DWORD [ebp-4]
-	mov	eax, -858993459
-	mul	edx
-	mov	eax, edx
-	shr	eax, 3
-	mov	DWORD [ebp-4], eax
-L13:
-	cmp	DWORD [ebp-4], 1
-	ja	L15
-	jmp	L14
-L15:
-	mov	edx, DWORD [ebp+8]
-	mov	eax, edx
-	mov	edx, 0
-	div	DWORD [ebp-4]
-	mov	DWORD [ebp-12], eax
-	mov	al, BYTE [ebp-12]
-	mov	BYTE [ebp-5], al
-	mov	eax, 0
-	mov	al, BYTE [ebp-5]
-	imul	eax, DWORD [ebp-4]
-	sub	DWORD [ebp+8], eax
-	mov	edx, DWORD [ebp-4]
-	mov	eax, -858993459
-	mul	edx
-	mov	eax, edx
-	shr	eax, 3
-	mov	DWORD [ebp-4], eax
-	lea	eax, [ebp-5]
-	add	BYTE [eax], 48
-	sub	esp, 12
-	mov	eax, 0
-	mov	al, BYTE [ebp-5]
-	push	eax
-	call	putc
-	add	esp, 16
-	jmp	L13
-L14:
-	sub	esp, 12
-	mov	al, BYTE [ebp+8]
-	add	eax, 48
-	and	eax, 255
-	push	eax
-	call	putc
-	add	esp, 16
-	leave
-	ret
-
-
diff --git a/nous/idt.inc b/nous/idt.inc
deleted file mode 100644
index 711c7c8..0000000
--- a/nous/idt.inc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,117 +0,0 @@
-;idt.inc
-;Author: Josh Holtrop
-;Date: 10/30/03
-;Modified: 03/02/04
-
-idtr:
-	dw	50*8-1		;size of idt
-	dd	IDT_V		;address of idt
-
-
-%macro isr_label 1
-isr_%1:
-	push	eax
-	mov	eax, %1
-	jmp	isr_main
-%endmacro
-
-isr_label	0
-isr_label	1
-isr_label	2
-isr_label	3
-isr_label	4
-isr_label	5
-isr_label	6
-isr_label	7
-isr_label	8
-isr_label	9
-isr_label	10
-isr_label	11
-isr_label	12
-isr_label	13
-isr_label	14
-isr_label	15
-isr_label	16
-isr_label	17
-isr_label	18
-isr_label	19
-isr_label	20
-isr_label	21
-isr_label	22
-isr_label	23
-isr_label	24
-isr_label	25
-isr_label	26
-isr_label	27
-isr_label	28
-isr_label	29
-isr_label	30
-isr_label	31
-isr_label	32
-isr_label	33
-isr_label	34
-isr_label	35
-isr_label	36
-isr_label	37
-isr_label	38
-isr_label	39
-isr_label	40
-isr_label	41
-isr_label	42
-isr_label	43
-isr_label	44
-isr_label	45
-isr_label	46
-isr_label	47
-isr_label	48
-isr_label	49
-
-isr_main:
-	cmp	eax, 0x30
-	jz	isr_syscall
-
-	pusha
-	push	ds
-	push	es
-
-	push	eax
-
-	call	isr
-
-	add	esp, 4
-
-	pop	es
-	pop	ds
-	popa
-	pop	eax
-
-	iret
-
-
-isr_syscall:
-	pop	eax	;syscall function number
-	pusha
-	push	ds
-	push	es
-
-sc1:
-	cmp	eax, 1	;syscall 1 - putc
-	jnz	sc2
-	push	ebx
-	call	putc
-	add	esp, 4
-	jmp	scdone
-sc2:
-
-scdone:
-	pop	es
-	pop	ds
-	popa
-	iret
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
diff --git a/nous/kernel.asm b/nous/kernel.asm
deleted file mode 100644
index ed25cfb..0000000
--- a/nous/kernel.asm
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,102 +0,0 @@
-;kernel.asm
-;Author: Josh Holtrop
-;Date: 10/30/03
-;Modified: 10/30/03
-
-%define GDT_P	0x100000;	;1mb physical - Global Descriptor Table space
-%define GDT_V	GDT_P+0xC0000000
-%define IDT_P	0x102000	;1mb+8kb - Interrupt Descriptor Table space
-%define IDT_V	IDT_P+0xC0000000
-%define PDBR_P	0x104000	;1mb+16kb - Page Directory Base Register (first PD)
-%define PDBR_V	PDBR_P+0xC0000000
-%define LOPT_P	0x105000	;1mb+20kb - LOw Page Table for mapping first 4mb
-%define LOPT_V	LOPT_P+0xC0000000
-%define KERNEL_P 0x106000	;1mb+24kb - the kernel's physical address
-%define KERNEL_V KERNEL_P+0xC0000000	;3gb+1mb+24kb, the virtual address of the kernel
-
-[global start]
-[extern isr]
-[extern k_init]
-[extern putc]
-
-bits 32
-
-;This is where the kernel begins execution
-;At this point, the temporary gdt is set up to "map" 0xC000_0000 to 0x0.
-;We must enable paging with the first 4mb mapped 1:1 virtual:physical
-; and with the 4mb starting at 0xC000_0000 mapped to the first 4mb physical.
-;Then we can start using our "real" gdt, then unmap the lower 4mb.
-start:
-	cli					;if they weren't already off
-	
-	xor	eax, eax
-	mov	edi, PDBR_V
-	mov	ecx, 1024			;clear the PDBR
-	rep stosd
-	mov	[PDBR_V], dword LOPT_P|0x03		;store the physical address of the LOw Page Table (read/write, present)
-	mov	[PDBR_V+0xC00], dword LOPT_P|0x03	;store the physical address of the LOw Page Table (read/write, present)
-
-	mov	edi, LOPT_V
-	mov	ecx, 1024
-	mov	eax, 0x03			;starting physical address = 0x0 (read/write, present flags)
-fill_lopt_loop:					;fill the page table
-	stosd
-	add	eax, 4096			;increment next phsyical address by 4kb
-	loop	fill_lopt_loop
-
-	mov	eax, PDBR_P
-	mov	cr3, eax			;store the Page Directory Base Address
-	mov	eax, cr0
-	or	eax, 0x80000000			;set page enable bit
-	mov	cr0, eax			;now paging is active!
-
-
-	mov	edi, GDT_V
-	mov	esi, gdt
-	mov	ecx, gdt_end-gdt
-copy_gdt:
-	lodsb
-	stosb
-	loop	copy_gdt
-
-	mov	edi, IDT_V		;destination
-	mov	esi, isr_0		;address of isr0
-	mov	edx, isr_1-isr_0	;distance between isr labels
-	mov	ecx, 50			;number of isrlabels
-fill_idt:
-	mov	ebx, esi
-	mov	ax, si
-	stosw				;0 offset 15:0
-	mov	ax, KERNEL_CODE
-	stosw				;2 selector 15:0
-	mov	ax, 0x8E00
-	stosw				;4 [P][DPL][0][TYPE][0][0][0][0][0][0][0][0]
-	shr	esi, 16
-	mov	ax, si
-	stosw				;6 offset 31:16
-	mov	esi, ebx
-	add	esi, edx
-	loop	fill_idt
-	mov	word	[IDT_V+0x30*8+4], 0xEE00	;interrupt 0x30 has user priviledges
-
-	lgdt	[gdtr]			;load gdt
-	jmp	KERNEL_CODE:newgdtcontinue
-newgdtcontinue:
-	mov	ax, KERNEL_DATA
-	mov	es, ax
-	mov	ds, ax
-	mov	gs, ax
-	mov	fs, ax
-	mov	ss, ax
-	mov	esp, 0xc0200000		;stack just under 3gb+2mb, moves downward
-	lidt	[idtr]			;load idt
-
-	call	k_init
-haltit:
-	hlt				;halt processor when k_init is done
-	jmp	haltit			;shouldn't get here...
-
-%include "gdt.inc"
-%include "idt.inc"
-
-
diff --git a/readme.txt b/readme.txt
index ed37884..95ea11a 100644
--- a/readme.txt
+++ b/readme.txt
@@ -1,17 +1,74 @@
 HOS - Holtrop's Operating System
-
-
+--------------------------------
 HOS is a 32-bit, protected mode, graphical, multitasking operating system.
 It was written by me, Josh Holtrop, with help from a few others along the way.
 
 
+Goals: (A = accomplished, P = in progress, T = todo)
+----------------------------------------------------
+(A) Custom bootloader to load kernel from FAT-formatted boot media, options for video mode/ram disk
+(A) 32-bit protected mode environment
+(A) VESA Support for graphics modes
+(A) PS/2 keyboard & mouse drivers
+(A) Utilize x86's paging architecture for virtual memory management
+
+(P) VFS abstraction layer for a single file system
+(P) ram disk driver
+(P) vfat file system support
+
+(T) devfs file system driver
+(T) Multitasking support
+(T) Console Manager
+(T) HASH command shell
+(T) Window Manager
+(T) Various other utilities/applications
+(T) Hard Drive (ATA) driver
+(T) cdrom (ATAPI) driver
+(T) ext2/3 file system support
 
 
 Change Log
 ----------
-
 0.14
+05/21/04 - C++ support in kernel, can use classes & templates
+04/04/04 - video_line function for diagonal lines
 03/16/04 - new VFS design with support for a loop device
 03/01/04 - Thanks to Ben Meyer for helping me get a Makefile working and building on linux to work!
 
-0.1301/26/04 - functions added to read/write CMOS clock date and time01/19/04 - fixed bug GDTR/IDTR pointing to physical rather than linear table base address01/07/04 - fixed bug not reading sectors correctly from floppy12/28/03 - fixed bug not storing eax on interrupt12/25/03 - fixed bug in mm_palloc()12/25/03 - incorporated output functions as regular functions rather than as part of a linked library12/23/03 - re-written physical memory manager using bitmap instead of stack12/22/03 - kernel relocated to 3gb linear / 1mb+24kb physical to allow for app. address space0.1212/21/03 - sample bmp loader tested, works (tests loading a kernel of size ~ 932kb12/20/03 - GDT/IDT now located at 1mb physical, before kernel10/30/03 - turns floppy motor off10/30/03 - keyboard LEDs working10/29/03 - paging functions working10/15/03 - physical memory management page allocators working0.1110/09/03 - PS/2 mouse driver0.1009/11/03 - Rewritten C and assembly kernel with VESA GUI mode support, keyboard driver0.0505/14/03 - HGUI24/HGUI32 commands finished for testing GUI on both 24bpp and 32bpp graphics cards05/14/03 - first web release!0.0403/09/03 - added VM shortcut command03/09/03 - press up to fill retrieve last inputted command for Nate Scholten03/08/03 - press clear to clear console input03/07/03 - added "shortcut" commands PC, IC, ? for Nate Scholten03/06/03 - added PROMPTC, INPUTC commands0.0312/30/02 - Command Line Interface working, accepting basic commands
\ No newline at end of file
+0.13
+01/26/04 - functions added to read/write CMOS clock date and time
+01/19/04 - fixed bug GDTR/IDTR pointing to physical rather than linear table base address
+01/07/04 - fixed bug not reading sectors correctly from floppy
+12/28/03 - fixed bug not storing eax on interrupt
+12/25/03 - fixed bug in mm_palloc()
+12/25/03 - incorporated output functions as regular functions rather than as part of a linked library
+12/23/03 - re-written physical memory manager using bitmap instead of stack
+12/22/03 - kernel relocated to 3gb linear / 1mb+24kb physical to allow for app. address space
+
+0.12
+12/21/03 - sample bmp loader tested, works (tests loading a kernel of size ~ 932kb
+12/20/03 - GDT/IDT now located at 1mb physical, before kernel
+10/30/03 - turns floppy motor off
+10/30/03 - keyboard LEDs working
+10/29/03 - paging functions working
+10/15/03 - physical memory management page allocators working
+
+0.11
+10/09/03 - PS/2 mouse driver
+
+0.10
+09/11/03 - Rewritten C and assembly kernel with VESA GUI mode support, keyboard driver
+
+0.05
+05/14/03 - HGUI24/HGUI32 commands finished for testing GUI on both 24bpp and 32bpp graphics cards
+05/14/03 - first web release!
+
+0.04
+03/09/03 - added VM shortcut command
+03/09/03 - press up to fill retrieve last inputted command for Nate Scholten
+03/08/03 - press clear to clear console input
+03/07/03 - added "shortcut" commands PC, IC, ? for Nate Scholten
+03/06/03 - added PROMPTC, INPUTC commands
+
+0.03
+12/30/02 - Command Line Interface working, accepting basic commands
diff --git a/us/asmfuncs.asm b/us/asmfuncs.asm
deleted file mode 100644
index b9adf6f..0000000
--- a/us/asmfuncs.asm
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,510 +0,0 @@
-; asmfuncs.asm
-; Josh Holtrop
-; Created: 10/23/03
-; Modified: 02/26/04
-
-[extern _putc]
-[extern _console_memory]
-[extern _cursorPosition]
-[extern _video_drawConsole]
-[extern _videoMode]
-
-%macro jzfar 1
-	jnz	%%skip
-	jmp	%1
-%%skip:
-
-%endmacro
-
-;stores the parameter to the CR0 register
-;extern dword write_cr0(dword cr0);
-[global _write_cr0]
-_write_cr0:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-	mov	eax, [ebp+8]
-	mov	cr0, eax
-	pop	ebp
-	ret
-
-;returns the value in the CR0 register
-;extern dword read_cr0();
-[global _read_cr0]
-_read_cr0:
-	mov	eax, cr0;
-	ret
-
-;stores the parameter to the CR3 register
-;extern dword write_cr3(dword cr3);
-[global _write_cr3]
-_write_cr3:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-	mov	eax, [ebp+8]
-	mov	cr3, eax
-	pop	ebp
-	ret
-
-
-;returns the value in the CR2 register
-;extern dword read_cr2();
-[global _read_cr2]
-_read_cr2:
-	mov	eax, cr2;
-	ret
-
-
-
-;returns the value in the CR3 register
-;extern dword read_cr3();
-[global _read_cr3]
-_read_cr3:
-	mov	eax, cr3;
-	ret
-
-
-;compares one string to another
-;returns 0 if the strings are different
-;extern dword strcmp(char *str1, char *str2);
-[global _strcmp]
-_strcmp:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-	push	esi
-	push	edi
-
-	mov	esi, [ebp+8]
-	mov	edi, [ebp+12]
-strcmp_loop1:
-	lodsb
-	mov	ah, [edi]
-	inc	edi
-	cmp	ah, al
-	jnz	strcmp_ne
-	or	al, al
-	jz	strcmp_e
-	jmp	strcmp_loop1
-strcmp_e:
-	mov	eax, 1
-	jmp short strcmp_done
-strcmp_ne:
-	xor	eax, eax
-strcmp_done:
-
-	pop	edi
-	pop	esi
-	pop	ebp
-	ret
-
-;copies a string from the source to the destination parameter
-;extern void strcpy(char *dest, char *src);
-[global _strcpy]
-_strcpy:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-	push	esi
-	push	edi
-	mov	edi, [ebp+8]
-	mov	esi, [ebp+12]
-strcpyloop:
-	lodsb
-	stosb
-	or	al, al
-	jnz	strcpyloop
-	pop	edi
-	pop	esi
-	pop	ebp
-	ret
-
-;copies memory of n bytes from src to destination
-;void memcpy(void *dest, void *src, dword n);
-[global _memcpy]
-_memcpy:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-	push	esi
-	push	edi
-	push	ecx
-	mov	edi, [ebp+8]
-	mov	esi, [ebp+12]
-	mov	ecx, [ebp+16]
-
-	cld
-	rep	movsb
-
-	pop	ecx
-	pop	edi
-	pop	esi
-	pop	ebp
-	ret
-
-
-;copies memory of n dwords (n*4 bytes) from src to destination
-;void memcpyd(void *dest, void *src, dword n);
-[global _memcpyd]
-_memcpyd:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-	push	esi
-	push	edi
-	push	ecx
-	mov	edi, [ebp+8]
-	mov	esi, [ebp+12]
-	mov	ecx, [ebp+16]
-
-	cld
-	rep	movsd
-
-	pop	ecx
-	pop	edi
-	pop	esi
-	pop	ebp
-	ret
-
-
-;sets num bytes at buffer to the value of c
-;void *memset(void *buffer, int c, int num);
-[global _memset]
-_memset:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-	push	edi
-	push	ecx
-	mov	edi, [ebp+8]
-	push	edi		;save for return address
-	mov	eax, [ebp+12]
-	mov	ecx, [ebp+16]
-
-	rep	stosb
-
-        pop	eax
-	pop	ecx
-	pop	edi
-	pop	ebp
-	ret
-
-
-;sets num words at buffer to the value of c
-;void *memsetw(void *buffer, int c, int num);
-[global _memsetw]
-_memsetw:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-	push	edi
-	push	ecx
-	mov	edi, [ebp+8]
-	push	edi		;save for return address
-	mov	eax, [ebp+12]
-	mov	ecx, [ebp+16]
-
-	rep	stosw
-
-        pop	eax
-	pop	ecx
-	pop	edi
-	pop	ebp
-	ret
-
-        
-;sets num dwords at buffer to the value of c
-;void *memsetd(void *buffer, int c, int num);
-[global _memsetd]
-_memsetd:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-	push	edi
-	push	ecx
-	mov	edi, [ebp+8]
-	push	edi		;save for return address
-	mov	eax, [ebp+12]
-	mov	ecx, [ebp+16]
-
-	rep	stosd
-
-        pop	eax
-	pop	ecx
-	pop	edi
-	pop	ebp
-	ret
-
-
-;returns the number of characters in a string
-;extern dword strlen(char *str);
-[global _strlen]
-_strlen:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-	push	esi
-	push	ebx
-	mov	esi, [ebp+8]
-	xor	ebx, ebx
-strlenloop:
-	lodsb
-	or	al, al
-	jz	strlendone
-	inc	ebx
-	jmp	strlenloop
-strlendone:
-	mov	eax, ebx
-	pop	ebx
-	pop	esi
-	pop	ebp
-	ret
-
-;this function invalidates the page directory/table entry that
-; would be used to access the memory address given in the parameter
-;extern void invlpg_(dword addr);
-[global _invlpg_]
-_invlpg_:
-	mov	eax, [esp+4]
-	invlpg	[eax]
-	ret
-
-
-;
-;void writeCursorPosition(word pos)
-;
-[global _writeCursorPosition]
-_writeCursorPosition:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-
-	push	eax
-	push	ebx
-	push	edx
-
-	mov	eax, [ebp+8]	;cursor position in ax
-
-	mov	bl, al
-	mov	dx, 0x03D4
-	mov	al, 0x0E
-	out	dx, al
-
-	inc	dx
-	mov	al, ah
-	out	dx, al
-
-	dec	dx
-	mov	al, 0x0F
-	out	dx, al
-
-	inc	dx
-	mov	al, bl
-	out	dx, al
-
-	pop	edx
-	pop	ebx
-	pop	eax
-	pop	ebp
-
-	ret
-
-
-;
-;word getCursorPosition()
-;
-[global _getCursorPosition]
-_getCursorPosition:
-	push	ebx
-	push	edx
-
-	xor	eax, eax
-	mov	dx, 0x03D4
-	mov	al, 0x0E
-	out	dx, al
-
-	inc	dx
-	in	al, dx
-	mov	bl, al
-
-	dec	dx
-	mov	al, 0x0F
-	out	dx, al
-
-	inc	dx
-	in	al, dx
-	mov	ah, bl
-
-	pop	edx
-	pop	ebx
-
-	ret
-
-
-;
-;int puts(char *str)
-;
-[global _puts]
-_puts:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-	push	esi
-	push	eax
-	mov	esi, [ebp+8]			;esi = to string
-puts_loop:
-	lodsb
-	cmp	al, 0
-	jz	puts_done
-	push	eax
-	call	_putc
-	add	esp, 4
-	jmp	puts_loop
-
-puts_done:
-	pop	eax
-	pop	esi
-	pop	ebp
-	ret
-
-
-
-        
-[global _putDecu]
-_putDecu:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-	sub	esp, 24
-	mov	DWORD [ebp-4], 1
-	mov	BYTE [ebp-5], 0
-L2:
-	mov	edx, DWORD [ebp+8]
-	mov	eax, -858993459
-	mul	edx
-	mov	eax, edx
-	shr	eax, 3
-	cmp	eax, DWORD [ebp-4]
-	jae	L4
-	jmp	L3
-L4:
-	mov	eax, DWORD [ebp-4]
-	mov	edx, eax
-	sal	edx, 2
-	add	edx, eax
-	lea	eax, [edx+edx]
-	mov	DWORD [ebp-4], eax
-	jmp	L2
-L3:
-	nop
-L5:
-	cmp	DWORD [ebp-4], 1
-	ja	L7
-	jmp	L6
-L7:
-	mov	edx, DWORD [ebp+8]
-	mov	eax, edx
-	mov	edx, 0
-	div	DWORD [ebp-4]
-	mov	DWORD [ebp-12], eax
-	mov	al, BYTE [ebp-12]
-	mov	BYTE [ebp-5], al
-	mov	eax, 0
-	mov	al, BYTE [ebp-5]
-	imul	eax, DWORD [ebp-4]
-	sub	DWORD [ebp+8], eax
-	mov	edx, DWORD [ebp-4]
-	mov	eax, -858993459
-	mul	edx
-	mov	eax, edx
-	shr	eax, 3
-	mov	DWORD [ebp-4], eax
-	lea	eax, [ebp-5]
-	add	BYTE [eax], 48
-	sub	esp, 12
-	mov	eax, 0
-	mov	al, BYTE [ebp-5]
-	push	eax
-	call	_putc
-	add	esp, 16
-	jmp	L5
-L6:
-	sub	esp, 12
-	mov	al, BYTE [ebp+8]
-	add	eax, 48
-	and	eax, 255
-	push	eax
-	call	_putc
-	add	esp, 16
-	leave
-	ret
-
-
-
-
-[global _putDec]
-_putDec:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-	sub	esp, 24
-	cmp	DWORD [ebp+8], 0
-	jns	L9
-	sub	esp, 12
-	push	45
-	call	_putc
-	add	esp, 16
-	neg	DWORD [ebp+8]
-L9:
-	mov	DWORD [ebp-4], 1
-	mov	BYTE [ebp-5], 0
-L10:
-	mov	eax, DWORD [ebp+8]
-	cmp	eax, DWORD [ebp-4]
-	jae	L12
-	jmp	L11
-L12:
-	mov	eax, DWORD [ebp-4]
-	mov	edx, eax
-	sal	edx, 2
-	add	edx, eax
-	lea	eax, [edx+edx]
-	mov	DWORD [ebp-4], eax
-	jmp	L10
-L11:
-	mov	edx, DWORD [ebp-4]
-	mov	eax, -858993459
-	mul	edx
-	mov	eax, edx
-	shr	eax, 3
-	mov	DWORD [ebp-4], eax
-L13:
-	cmp	DWORD [ebp-4], 1
-	ja	L15
-	jmp	L14
-L15:
-	mov	edx, DWORD [ebp+8]
-	mov	eax, edx
-	mov	edx, 0
-	div	DWORD [ebp-4]
-	mov	DWORD [ebp-12], eax
-	mov	al, BYTE [ebp-12]
-	mov	BYTE [ebp-5], al
-	mov	eax, 0
-	mov	al, BYTE [ebp-5]
-	imul	eax, DWORD [ebp-4]
-	sub	DWORD [ebp+8], eax
-	mov	edx, DWORD [ebp-4]
-	mov	eax, -858993459
-	mul	edx
-	mov	eax, edx
-	shr	eax, 3
-	mov	DWORD [ebp-4], eax
-	lea	eax, [ebp-5]
-	add	BYTE [eax], 48
-	sub	esp, 12
-	mov	eax, 0
-	mov	al, BYTE [ebp-5]
-	push	eax
-	call	_putc
-	add	esp, 16
-	jmp	L13
-L14:
-	sub	esp, 12
-	mov	al, BYTE [ebp+8]
-	add	eax, 48
-	and	eax, 255
-	push	eax
-	call	_putc
-	add	esp, 16
-	leave
-	ret
-
-
diff --git a/us/idt.inc b/us/idt.inc
deleted file mode 100644
index ddabf24..0000000
--- a/us/idt.inc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,117 +0,0 @@
-;idt.inc
-;Author: Josh Holtrop
-;Date: 10/30/03
-;Modified: 03/02/04
-
-idtr:
-	dw	50*8-1		;size of idt
-	dd	IDT_V		;address of idt
-
-
-%macro isr_label 1
-isr_%1:
-	push	eax
-	mov	eax, %1
-	jmp	isr_main
-%endmacro
-
-isr_label	0
-isr_label	1
-isr_label	2
-isr_label	3
-isr_label	4
-isr_label	5
-isr_label	6
-isr_label	7
-isr_label	8
-isr_label	9
-isr_label	10
-isr_label	11
-isr_label	12
-isr_label	13
-isr_label	14
-isr_label	15
-isr_label	16
-isr_label	17
-isr_label	18
-isr_label	19
-isr_label	20
-isr_label	21
-isr_label	22
-isr_label	23
-isr_label	24
-isr_label	25
-isr_label	26
-isr_label	27
-isr_label	28
-isr_label	29
-isr_label	30
-isr_label	31
-isr_label	32
-isr_label	33
-isr_label	34
-isr_label	35
-isr_label	36
-isr_label	37
-isr_label	38
-isr_label	39
-isr_label	40
-isr_label	41
-isr_label	42
-isr_label	43
-isr_label	44
-isr_label	45
-isr_label	46
-isr_label	47
-isr_label	48
-isr_label	49
-
-isr_main:
-	cmp	eax, 0x30
-	jz	isr_syscall
-
-	pusha
-	push	ds
-	push	es
-
-	push	eax
-
-	call	_isr
-
-	add	esp, 4
-
-	pop	es
-	pop	ds
-	popa
-	pop	eax
-
-	iret
-
-
-isr_syscall:
-	pop	eax	;syscall function number
-	pusha
-	push	ds
-	push	es
-
-sc1:
-	cmp	eax, 1	;syscall 1 - putc
-	jnz	sc2
-	push	ebx
-	call	_putc
-	add	esp, 4
-	jmp	scdone
-sc2:
-
-scdone:
-	pop	es
-	pop	ds
-	popa
-	iret
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
diff --git a/us/kernel.asm b/us/kernel.asm
deleted file mode 100644
index d30ad58..0000000
--- a/us/kernel.asm
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,102 +0,0 @@
-;kernel.asm
-;Author: Josh Holtrop
-;Date: 10/30/03
-;Modified: 10/30/03
-
-%define GDT_P	0x100000;	;1mb physical - Global Descriptor Table space
-%define GDT_V	GDT_P+0xC0000000
-%define IDT_P	0x102000	;1mb+8kb - Interrupt Descriptor Table space
-%define IDT_V	IDT_P+0xC0000000
-%define PDBR_P	0x104000	;1mb+16kb - Page Directory Base Register (first PD)
-%define PDBR_V	PDBR_P+0xC0000000
-%define LOPT_P	0x105000	;1mb+20kb - LOw Page Table for mapping first 4mb
-%define LOPT_V	LOPT_P+0xC0000000
-%define KERNEL_P 0x106000	;1mb+24kb - the kernel's physical address
-%define KERNEL_V KERNEL_P+0xC0000000	;3gb+1mb+24kb, the virtual address of the kernel
-
-[global _start]
-[extern _isr]
-[extern _k_init]
-[extern _putc]
-
-bits 32
-
-;This is where the kernel begins execution
-;At this point, the temporary gdt is set up to "map" 0xC000_0000 to 0x0.
-;We must enable paging with the first 4mb mapped 1:1 virtual:physical
-; and with the 4mb starting at 0xC000_0000 mapped to the first 4mb physical.
-;Then we can start using our "real" gdt, then unmap the lower 4mb.
-_start:
-	cli					;if they weren't already off
-	
-	xor	eax, eax
-	mov	edi, PDBR_V
-	mov	ecx, 1024			;clear the PDBR
-	rep stosd
-	mov	[PDBR_V], dword LOPT_P|0x03		;store the physical address of the LOw Page Table (read/write, present)
-	mov	[PDBR_V+0xC00], dword LOPT_P|0x03	;store the physical address of the LOw Page Table (read/write, present)
-
-	mov	edi, LOPT_V
-	mov	ecx, 1024
-	mov	eax, 0x03			;starting physical address = 0x0 (read/write, present flags)
-fill_lopt_loop:					;fill the page table
-	stosd
-	add	eax, 4096			;increment next phsyical address by 4kb
-	loop	fill_lopt_loop
-
-	mov	eax, PDBR_P
-	mov	cr3, eax			;store the Page Directory Base Address
-	mov	eax, cr0
-	or	eax, 0x80000000			;set page enable bit
-	mov	cr0, eax			;now paging is active!
-
-
-	mov	edi, GDT_V
-	mov	esi, gdt
-	mov	ecx, gdt_end-gdt
-copy_gdt:
-	lodsb
-	stosb
-	loop	copy_gdt
-
-	mov	edi, IDT_V		;destination
-	mov	esi, isr_0		;address of isr0
-	mov	edx, isr_1-isr_0	;distance between isr labels
-	mov	ecx, 50			;number of isrlabels
-fill_idt:
-	mov	ebx, esi
-	mov	ax, si
-	stosw				;0 offset 15:0
-	mov	ax, KERNEL_CODE
-	stosw				;2 selector 15:0
-	mov	ax, 0x8E00
-	stosw				;4 [P][DPL][0][TYPE][0][0][0][0][0][0][0][0]
-	shr	esi, 16
-	mov	ax, si
-	stosw				;6 offset 31:16
-	mov	esi, ebx
-	add	esi, edx
-	loop	fill_idt
-	mov	word	[IDT_V+0x30*8+4], 0xEE00	;interrupt 0x30 has user priviledges
-
-	lgdt	[gdtr]			;load gdt
-	jmp	KERNEL_CODE:newgdtcontinue
-newgdtcontinue:
-	mov	ax, KERNEL_DATA
-	mov	es, ax
-	mov	ds, ax
-	mov	gs, ax
-	mov	fs, ax
-	mov	ss, ax
-	mov	esp, 0xc0200000		;stack just under 3gb+2mb, moves downward
-	lidt	[idtr]			;load idt
-
-	call	_k_init
-haltit:
-	hlt				;halt processor when k_init is done
-	jmp	haltit			;shouldn't get here...
-
-%include "gdt.inc"
-%include "idt.inc"
-
-