Convert hello.console to use a namespacing struct

They are not complete, but adding to checkpoint progress.

.gitignore

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 .rscons*
-/i686-elf-gcc/
+/x86_64-elf-gcc/
 /build/

.gitmodules

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+[submodule "uefi-d"]
+	path = uefi-d
+	url = git://github.com/kubasz/uefi-d

Rsconscript

@@ -1,98 +1,52 @@
-path_prepend "i686-elf-gcc/bin"
-
-configure do
-  rscons "i686-elf-gcc.rb", "-b", "#{build_dir}/i686-elf-gcc"
-  check_c_compiler "i686-elf-gcc"
-  check_program "genext2fs"
-  check_program "grub-mkstandalone"
-  check_program "mformat", on_fail: "Install the mtools package"
-  check_program "xorriso"
-  check_cfg package: "freetype2", on_fail: "Install libfreetype-dev", use: "freetype"
-end
-
 require "tmpdir"
 
-# EFI (w/ GRUB) partition size (MiB)
-EFI_PART_SIZE = 8
-# HOS partition size (MiB)
-HOS_PART_SIZE = 4
-# Kernel default font size
-KFONT_SIZE = 15
+project_name "HOS"
+path_prepend "x86_64-elf-gcc/bin"
 
-class BiosImage < Builder
+configure do
+  rscons "x86_64-elf-gcc.rb", "-b", "#{build_dir}/x86_64-elf-gcc"
+  check_d_compiler "ldc2", use: "ldc2"
+  check_c_compiler "x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc", use: "x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc"
+  check_c_compiler "x86_64-elf-gcc", use: "x86_64-elf-gcc"
+  check_c_compiler
+  check_program "mformat", on_fail: "Install the mtools package"
+  check_cfg package: "freetype2", on_fail: "Install libfreetype-dev", use: "freetype"
+  sh %w[git submodule update --init]
+end
+
+# Kernel default font size.
+KFONT_SIZE = 18
+
+class HulkBinObj < Builder
   def run(options)
-    unless @cache.up_to_date?(@target, nil, @sources, @env)
-      print_run_message("Generating BIOS boot image #{@target}", nil)
-      Dir.mktmpdir do |tmpdir|
-        # Create iso directory.
-        FileUtils.mkdir_p("#{tmpdir}/iso/boot/grub")
-        File.open("#{tmpdir}/iso/boot/grub/grub.cfg", "wb") do |fh|
-          fh.write(<<EOF)
-set default="0"
-set timeout=1
-menuentry "HOS" {
-insmod multiboot2
-multiboot2 /hos.elf
-}
+    FileUtils.mkdir_p(File.dirname(@target))
+    File.write(@target, <<EOF)
+.section ".rodata"
+.balign 4096
+.global _hulk_bin_start
+_hulk_bin_start:
+.incbin "#{@sources.first}"
+.balign 4096
+.global _hulk_bin_end
+_hulk_bin_end:
 EOF
-        end
-        @sources.each do |source|
-          FileUtils.cp(source, "#{tmpdir}/iso")
-        end
-        # Build bootable GRUB image.
-        system(*%W[grub-mkrescue -o #{@target} #{tmpdir}/iso], err: "#{@env.build_root}/grub-mkrescue.log")
-      end
+    unless @cache.up_to_date?(@target, nil, @sources, @env)
+      print_run_message("Creating HULK binary object <target>#{@target}<reset>", nil)
       @cache.register_build(@target, nil, @sources, @env)
     end
     true
   end
 end
 
-class EfiImage < Builder
+class Image < Builder
   def run(options)
     unless @cache.up_to_date?(@target, nil, @sources, @env)
-      print_run_message("Generating EFI boot image #{@target}", nil)
-      Dir.mktmpdir do |tmpdir|
-        # Build a standalone GRUB.
-        File.open("#{tmpdir}/grub.cfg", "wb") do |fh|
-          fh.write(<<EOF)
-insmod part_gpt
-configfile (hd0,gpt2)/grub.cfg
-EOF
-        end
-        system(*%W[grub-mkstandalone -O x86_64-efi -o #{tmpdir}/BOOTX64.EFI boot/grub/grub.cfg=#{tmpdir}/grub.cfg])
-        # Create EFI partition.
-        system(*%W[dd if=/dev/zero of=#{tmpdir}/efi.part bs=1M count=#{EFI_PART_SIZE}], err: "/dev/null")
-        system(*%W[mformat -i #{tmpdir}/efi.part ::])
-        system(*%W[mmd -i #{tmpdir}/efi.part ::/EFI])
-        system(*%W[mmd -i #{tmpdir}/efi.part ::/EFI/BOOT])
-        system(*%W[mcopy -i #{tmpdir}/efi.part #{tmpdir}/BOOTX64.EFI ::/EFI/BOOT])
-        # Create ext2 HOS partition.
-        FileUtils.mkdir_p("#{tmpdir}/ext2")
-        @sources.each do |source|
-          FileUtils.cp(source, "#{tmpdir}/ext2")
-        end
-        File.open("#{tmpdir}/ext2/grub.cfg", "wb") do |fh|
-          fh.write(<<EOF)
-set default="0"
-set timeout=1
-menuentry "HOS" {
-insmod part_gpt
-insmod multiboot2
-set root=(hd0,gpt2)
-multiboot2 /hos.elf
-}
-EOF
-        end
-        system(*%W[genext2fs -b #{HOS_PART_SIZE * 1024} -d #{tmpdir}/ext2 #{tmpdir}/ext2.part])
-        # Create full disk image.
-        system(*%W[dd if=/dev/zero of=#{@target} bs=1M count=#{EFI_PART_SIZE + HOS_PART_SIZE + 2}], err: "/dev/null")
-        system(*%W[parted -s #{@target} mklabel gpt])
-        system(*%W[parted -s #{@target} mkpart efi 1MiB #{EFI_PART_SIZE + 1}MiB])
-        system(*%W[parted -s #{@target} mkpart hos #{EFI_PART_SIZE + 1}MiB #{EFI_PART_SIZE + HOS_PART_SIZE + 1}MiB])
-        system(*%W[dd if=#{tmpdir}/efi.part of=#{@target} bs=1M seek=1 conv=notrunc], err: "/dev/null")
-        system(*%W[dd if=#{tmpdir}/ext2.part of=#{@target} bs=1M seek=#{1 + EFI_PART_SIZE} conv=notrunc], err: "/dev/null")
-      end
+      print_run_message("Creating disk image <target>#{@target}<reset>", nil)
+      File.binwrite(@target, "\0" * (1440 * 1024))
+      system(*%W[mformat -i #{@target} -f 1440 ::])
+      system(*%W[mmd -i #{@target} ::/EFI])
+      system(*%W[mmd -i #{@target} ::/EFI/BOOT])
+      system(*%W[mcopy -i #{@target} #{@sources.first} ::/EFI/BOOT])
       @cache.register_build(@target, nil, @sources, @env)
     end
     true
@@ -112,55 +66,65 @@ class FontGen < Builder
   end
 end
 
-class Size < Builder
-  def run(options)
-    if @command
-      finalize_command
-    else
-      @vars["_SOURCES"] = @sources
-      @vars["_TARGET"] = @target
-      command = @env.build_command(%w[${SIZE} ${_SOURCES}], @vars)
-      standard_command("Size <target>#{@target}<reset>", command, stdout: @target)
-    end
-  end
-end
-
-# FontGen Environment
 fontgen_env = env "fontgen", use: "freetype" do |env|
-  env["CC"] = "gcc"
-  env.Program("^/fontgen.bin", glob("fontgen/**/*.c"))
+  env.Program("^/fontgen", glob("src/fontgen/**/*.c"))
 end
 
-# Kernel Environment
-kernel_env = env "kernel" do |env|
-  env.add_builder(EfiImage)
-  env.add_builder(BiosImage)
+hulk_env = env "hulk", use: %w[ldc2 x86_64-elf-gcc] do |env|
   env.add_builder(FontGen)
-  env.add_builder(Size)
-  env["OBJDUMP"] = "i686-elf-objdump"
-  env["SIZE"] = "i686-elf-size"
-  env["CCFLAGS"] += %w[-ffreestanding -Wall -O2]
-  env["LDFLAGS"] += %w[-ffreestanding -nostdlib -T src/link.ld]
-  env["LDFLAGS"] += %W[-Wl,-Map,${_TARGET}.map]
-  env["LIBS"] += %w[gcc]
-  env.FontGen("^/kfont/kfont.c", "font/Hack-Regular.ttf",
-             "fontgen" => fontgen_env.expand("^/fontgen.bin"))
-  env.barrier
-  env["CPPPATH"] += ["#{env.build_root}/kfont"]
-  env.Program("^/hos.elf", glob("src/**/*.{S,c}") + ["^/kfont/kfont.c"])
-  env.depends("#{env.build_root}/hos.elf", "src/link.ld")
-  env.Disassemble("^/hos.elf.txt", "^/hos.elf")
-  env.Size("^/hos.elf.size", "^/hos.elf")
-  env.EfiImage("^/hos-efi.img", %w[^/hos.elf])
-  env.BiosImage("^/hos.img", %w[^/hos.elf])
+  env.FontGen("^/src/hulk/kfont.d", "font/Hack-Regular.ttf",
+              "fontgen" => fontgen_env.expand("^/fontgen"))
+  env["sources"] = glob("src/hulk/**/*.d")
+  env["sources"] << "^/src/hulk/kfont.d"
+  env["DFLAGS"] += %w[-mtriple=x86_64-unknown-elf --betterC -release -O3 --wi --enable-cross-module-inlining -code-model=large]
+  env["D_IMPORT_PATH"] += %w[src]
+  env["D_IMPORT_PATH"] << env.expand("^/src")
+  env["LD"] = "x86_64-elf-gcc"
+  env["LDFLAGS"] += %w[-nostdlib -Tsrc/hulk/hulk.ld -Wl,-Map,${_TARGET}.map]
+  env["LDCMD"] = %w[${LD} -o ${_TARGET} ${LDFLAGS} ${_SOURCES} ${LIBDIRPREFIX}${LIBPATH} ${LIBLINKPREFIX}${LIBS}]
+  env["OBJDUMP"] = "x86_64-elf-objdump"
+  env["OBJCOPY"] = "x86_64-elf-objcopy"
+  env.Program("^/hulk.elf", "${sources}")
+  env.depends("^/hulk.elf", "src/hulk/hulk.ld")
+  env["SIZE"] = "x86_64-elf-size"
+  env.Size("^/hulk.size", "^/hulk.elf")
+  env.Disassemble("^/hulk.txt", "^/hulk.elf")
+  env.Command("^/hulk.bin", "^/hulk.elf",
+              "CMD" => %W[${OBJCOPY} -O binary ${_SOURCES} ${_TARGET}],
+              "CMD_DESC" => "Convert ELF to binary:")
+  env.add_build_hook do |builder|
+    if builder.target.end_with?(".o")
+      env.Disassemble("#{builder.target}.txt", builder.target)
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+hello_env = env "hello", use: %w[ldc2 x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc] do |env|
+  env.add_builder(Image)
+  env.add_builder(HulkBinObj)
+  env["sources"] = glob("src/hello/**/*.d")
+  env["sources"] += glob("uefi-d/source/**/*.d")
+  env.HulkBinObj("^/hulk_bin.S", hulk_env.expand("^/hulk.bin"))
+  env.Object("^/hulk_bin.o", "^/hulk_bin.S")
+  env.depends("^/hulk_bin.o", hulk_env.expand("^/hulk.bin"))
+  env["sources"] << "^/hulk_bin.o"
+  env["DFLAGS"] += %w[-mtriple=x86_64-unknown-windows-coff --betterC -release -O3 --wi --enable-cross-module-inlining]
+  env["D_IMPORT_PATH"] += %w[src uefi-d/source]
+  env["LD"] = "x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc"
+  env["LDFLAGS"] += %w[-nostdlib -Wl,-dll -shared -Wl,--subsystem,10 -e efi_main -Wl,-Map,${_TARGET}.map]
+  env["LDCMD"] = %w[${LD} -o ${_TARGET} ${LDFLAGS} ${_SOURCES} ${LIBDIRPREFIX}${LIBPATH} ${LIBLINKPREFIX}${LIBS}]
+  env["OBJDUMP"] = "x86_64-w64-mingw32-objdump"
+  env.Program("^/BOOTX64.EFI", "${sources}")
+  env["SIZE"] = "x86_64-w64-mingw32-size"
+  env.Size("^/BOOTX64.size", "^/BOOTX64.EFI")
+  env.Disassemble("^/BOOTX64.txt", "^/BOOTX64.EFI")
+  env.Image("^/hos.img", "^/BOOTX64.EFI")
 end
 
 task "run", desc: "Run HOS in QEMU" do
-  img = kernel_env.expand("^/hos.img")
-  sh %W[qemu-system-x86_64 -hda #{img}]
-end
-
-task "run-efi", desc: "Run HOS EFI in QEMU" do
-  img = kernel_env.expand("^/hos-efi.img")
-  sh %W[qemu-system-x86_64 -bios OVMF.fd -hda #{img}]
+  Dir.mktmpdir do |tmpdir|
+    img = hello_env.expand("^/hos.img")
+    FileUtils.cp(img, tmpdir)
+    sh %W[qemu-system-x86_64 -bios OVMF.fd -drive file=#{tmpdir}/hos.img,format=raw]
+  end
 end

rscons

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 # WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 
 
-script = File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), ".rscons-3.0.0-077c0388ca4d1d902141299abcc4b8f6.rb")
+script = File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), ".rscons-3.0.2-c49c635f1e4166223367979510498b28.rb")
 unless File.exists?(script)
   if File.read(__FILE__, mode: "rb") =~ /^#==>(.*)/
     require "zlib"
@@ -43,4 +43,4 @@ load script
 if __FILE__ == $0
   Rscons::Cli.new.run(ARGV)
 end
-#==>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 truncated
+#==>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 truncated

src/fontgen/fontgen.c

@@ -62,45 +62,6 @@ static void load_char(FT_Face face, int char_code)
             char_infos[char_code].width * char_infos[char_code].height);
 }
 
-static const char * bare_header_name(const char * h_file_name)
-{
-    const char * p = rindex(h_file_name, '/');
-    if (p == NULL)
-    {
-        p = h_file_name;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        p++;
-    }
-    return p;
-}
-
-static char * include_guard_name(const char * h_file_name)
-{
-    const char * p = bare_header_name(h_file_name);
-    char * guard_name = malloc(strlen(p) + 1);
-    strcpy(guard_name, p);
-    char * m = guard_name;
-    while (*m != '\0')
-    {
-        if ('a' <= *m && *m <= 'z')
-        {
-            *m = toupper(*m);
-        }
-        else if (('0' <= *m && *m <= '9') || ('A' <= *m && *m <= 'Z'))
-        {
-            /* no change */
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            *m = '_';
-        }
-        m++;
-    }
-    return guard_name;
-}
-
 static void generate_bytes(FILE * file, const uint8_t * bytes, int count)
 {
     for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
@@ -125,62 +86,50 @@ static void generate_bytes(FILE * file, const uint8_t * bytes, int count)
     }
 }
 
-static void generate(const char * c_file_name)
+static void generate(const char * d_file_name)
 {
-    char * h_file_name = malloc(strlen(c_file_name) + 1);
-    strcpy(h_file_name, c_file_name);
-    h_file_name[strlen(h_file_name) - 1] = 'h';
-    char * guard = include_guard_name(h_file_name);
-
-    FILE * h_file = fopen(h_file_name, "wb");
-    fprintf(h_file, "#ifndef %s\n", guard);
-    fprintf(h_file, "#define %s\n\n", guard);
-    fprintf(h_file, "#include <stdint.h>\n");
-    fprintf(h_file, "typedef struct {\n    int width;\n    int height;\n    int top;\n    int left;\n    const uint8_t * bitmap;\n} fontgen_char_info_t;\n");
-    fprintf(h_file, "typedef struct {\n    int line_height;\n    int advance;\n    int baseline_offset;\n    const fontgen_char_info_t ** char_infos;\n} fontgen_font_t;\n");
-    fprintf(h_file, "extern const fontgen_font_t kfont;\n");
-    fprintf(h_file, "#endif\n");
-    fclose(h_file);
-
-    FILE * c_file = fopen(c_file_name, "wb");
-    fprintf(c_file, "#include \"%s\"\n", bare_header_name(h_file_name));
-    fprintf(c_file, "#include <stddef.h>\n");
+    FILE * fh = fopen(d_file_name, "wb");
+    fprintf(fh, "module hulk.kfont;\n");
+    fprintf(fh, "struct CharInfo {\n");
+    fprintf(fh, "    uint width;\n");
+    fprintf(fh, "    uint height;\n");
+    fprintf(fh, "    int top;\n");
+    fprintf(fh, "    int left;\n");
+    fprintf(fh, "    const ubyte[] bitmap;\n");
+    fprintf(fh, "};\n");
+    fprintf(fh, "struct FontInfo {\n");
+    fprintf(fh, "    uint line_height;\n");
+    fprintf(fh, "    uint advance;\n");
+    fprintf(fh, "    int baseline_offset;\n");
+    fprintf(fh, "    const CharInfo[] chars;\n");
+    fprintf(fh, "};\n");
+    fprintf(fh, "__gshared const FontInfo kfont = {\n");
+    fprintf(fh, "    %du,\n", line_height);
+    fprintf(fh, "    %du,\n", max_advance);
+    fprintf(fh, "    %d,\n", baseline_offset);
+    fprintf(fh, "    [\n");
     for (int i = 0; i < N_CHARS; i++)
     {
+        fprintf(fh, "        CharInfo(\n");
+        fprintf(fh, "            %du,\n", char_infos[i].width);
+        fprintf(fh, "            %du,\n", char_infos[i].height);
+        fprintf(fh, "            %d,\n", char_infos[i].top);
+        fprintf(fh, "            %d,\n", char_infos[i].left);
         if (char_infos[i].width > 0)
         {
-            fprintf(c_file, "static const uint8_t char_bitmap_%d[] = {\n", i);
-            generate_bytes(c_file, char_infos[i].bitmap, char_infos[i].width * char_infos[i].height);
-            fprintf(c_file, "};\n");
-        }
-        fprintf(c_file, "static const fontgen_char_info_t char_%d = {\n", i);
-        fprintf(c_file, "    %d,\n", char_infos[i].width);
-        fprintf(c_file, "    %d,\n", char_infos[i].height);
-        fprintf(c_file, "    %d,\n", char_infos[i].top);
-        fprintf(c_file, "    %d,\n", char_infos[i].left);
-        if (char_infos[i].width > 0)
-        {
-            fprintf(c_file, "    char_bitmap_%d,\n", i);
+            fprintf(fh, "            [\n");
+            generate_bytes(fh, char_infos[i].bitmap, char_infos[i].width * char_infos[i].height);
+            fprintf(fh, "            ]\n");
         }
         else
         {
-            fprintf(c_file, "    NULL,\n");
+            fprintf(fh, "            []\n");
         }
-        fprintf(c_file, "};\n\n");
+        fprintf(fh, "        ),\n");
     }
-    fprintf(c_file, "const fontgen_char_info_t * char_infos[] = {\n");
-    for (int i = 0; i < N_CHARS; i++)
-    {
-        fprintf(c_file, "    &char_%d,\n", i);
-    }
-    fprintf(c_file, "};\n");
-    fprintf(c_file, "const fontgen_font_t kfont = {\n");
-    fprintf(c_file, "    %d,\n", line_height);
-    fprintf(c_file, "    %d,\n", max_advance);
-    fprintf(c_file, "    %d,\n", baseline_offset);
-    fprintf(c_file, "    char_infos,\n");
-    fprintf(c_file, "};\n");
-    fclose(c_file);
+    fprintf(fh, "    ],\n");
+    fprintf(fh, "};\n");
+    fclose(fh);
 }
 
 int main(int argc, char * argv[])

src/hello/console.d

@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+/**
+ * HELLO console support.
+ */
+module hello.console;
+
+import uefi;
+import hello.hello;
+import core.stdc.stdarg;
+
+struct console
+{
+    /**
+     * Format a hexadecimal value to a string.
+     *
+     * @param s String buffer.
+     * @param v Value to format.
+     * @param ptr If true, always output all 16 digits, and separate the upper and
+     *   lower halves with an underscore.
+     */
+    private static size_t format_hex(CHAR16 * s, ulong v, bool ptr)
+    {
+        string hex_chars = "0123456789ABCDEF";
+        bool print = ptr;
+        size_t si = 0u;
+        for (size_t i = 0u; i < 16u; i++)
+        {
+            if (ptr && (i == 8u))
+            {
+                s[si++] = '_';
+            }
+            ulong n = (v >> (60u - 4u * i)) & 0xFu;
+            if (n != 0u)
+            {
+                print = true;
+            }
+            if (print || (i == 15u))
+            {
+                s[si++] = hex_chars[n];
+            }
+        }
+        return si;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Format a decimal value to a string.
+     *
+     * @param s String buffer.
+     * @param v Value to format.
+     */
+    private static size_t format_dec(CHAR16 * s, ulong v)
+    {
+        string dec_chars = "0123456789";
+        bool print;
+        char[20] buf;
+        size_t buf_i;
+        while ((buf_i == 0u) || (v != 0u))
+        {
+            ulong n = v % 10u;
+            buf[buf_i++] = dec_chars[n];
+            v /= 10u;
+        }
+        for (size_t si = 0u; si < buf_i; si++)
+        {
+            s[si] = buf[buf_i - si - 1u];
+        }
+        return buf_i;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write a string to the console.
+     *
+     * @param s Format string.
+     * @param args Variable arguments structure.
+     */
+    public static void write(string s, va_list args)
+    {
+        __gshared static CHAR16[256] s16;
+        size_t i = 0u;
+        bool escape = false;
+        foreach (char c; s)
+        {
+            if (escape)
+            {
+                if (c == '%')
+                {
+                    s16[i++] = '%';
+                }
+                else if (c == 'x')
+                {
+                    ulong v;
+                    va_arg(args, v);
+                    i += format_hex(&s16[i], v, false);
+                }
+                else if (c == 'p')
+                {
+                    ulong v;
+                    va_arg(args, v);
+                    i += format_hex(&s16[i], v, true);
+                }
+                else if (c == 'S')
+                {
+                    const(CHAR16) * s2;
+                    va_arg(args, s2);
+                    for (size_t s2_i = 0u; s2[s2_i] != 0; s2_i++)
+                    {
+                        s16[i++] = s2[s2_i];
+                    }
+                }
+                else if (c == 'u')
+                {
+                    ulong v;
+                    va_arg(args, v);
+                    i += format_dec(&s16[i], v);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    s16[i++] = c;
+                }
+                escape = false;
+            }
+            else if (c == '%')
+            {
+                escape = true;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                s16[i++] = c;
+            }
+        }
+        s16[i++] = 0u;
+        st.ConOut.OutputString(st.ConOut, &s16[0]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write a string to the console.
+     *
+     * @param s Format string.
+     */
+    public static extern (C) void write(string s, ...)
+    {
+        va_list args;
+        va_start(args, s);
+        write(s, args);
+        va_end(args);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write a string to the console.
+     *
+     * @param s Format string.
+     */
+    public static extern (C) void writeln(string s, ...)
+    {
+        va_list args;
+        va_start(args, s);
+        write(s, args);
+        write("\r\n", args);
+        va_end(args);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write a message to press any key and wait for a key to be pressed.
+     */
+    public static void wait_key()
+    {
+        writeln("Press any key...");
+        st.ConIn.Reset(st.ConIn, FALSE);
+        EFI_INPUT_KEY key;
+        while (st.ConIn.ReadKeyStroke(st.ConIn, &key) == EFI_NOT_READY)
+        {
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clear the console.
+     */
+    public static void clear()
+    {
+        st.ConOut.ClearScreen(st.ConOut);
+    }
+}

src/hello/hello.d

@@ -0,0 +1,454 @@
+/**
+ * HELLO, the HOS EFI Lightweight LOader.
+ */
+module hello.hello;
+
+import uefi;
+import hello.console;
+import hello.scratch;
+import hulk.bootinfo;
+import hulk.header;
+import hos.page_table;
+import hos.cpu;
+import hos.memory;
+import ldc.llvmasm;
+
+__gshared EFI_SYSTEM_TABLE * st;
+extern extern(C) __gshared ubyte _hulk_bin_start;
+extern extern(C) __gshared ubyte _hulk_bin_end;
+
+private HulkHeader * hulk_header()
+{
+    return cast(HulkHeader *)&_hulk_bin_start;
+}
+
+private BootInfo * bootinfo()
+{
+    return &hulk_header().bootinfo;
+}
+
+private ulong hulk_bin_phys()
+{
+    return cast(ulong)&_hulk_bin_start;
+}
+
+private ulong hulk_bin_size()
+{
+    return cast(ulong)&_hulk_bin_end - cast(ulong)&_hulk_bin_start;
+}
+
+private ulong hulk_total_size()
+{
+    return cast(ulong)hulk_header().total_size;
+}
+
+private ulong hulk_bss_size()
+{
+    return hulk_total_size() - hulk_bin_size();
+}
+
+private ulong hulk_stack_size()
+{
+    return hulk_header().stack_size;
+}
+
+private ulong hulk_virt_base_address()
+{
+    return hulk_header().virt_base;
+}
+
+private ulong hulk_virt_stack_top()
+{
+    return hulk_header().virt_stack_top;
+}
+
+private ulong hulk_virt_framebuffer_address()
+{
+    return hulk_header().virt_fb_buffer;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Detect if we're running in QEMU.
+ */
+private bool in_qemu()
+{
+    ulong * firmware_vendor = cast(ulong *) st.FirmwareVendor;
+    ulong fv1 = firmware_vendor[0];
+    return fv1 ==
+        ((cast(ulong)'E') |
+         (cast(ulong)'D' << 16) |
+         (cast(ulong)'K' << 32) |
+         (cast(ulong)' ' << 48));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set a graphics mode.
+ */
+private bool set_graphics_mode()
+{
+    uint max_horizontal_resolution = in_qemu() ? 1920u : 0xFFFFFFFFu;
+    UINTN buffer_size = scratch.free();
+    EFI_GUID gop_guid = EFI_GRAPHICS_OUTPUT_PROTOCOL_GUID;
+    EFI_HANDLE * handles = cast(EFI_HANDLE *)scratch.current();
+    EFI_STATUS status = st.BootServices.LocateHandle(ByProtocol,
+            &gop_guid, null, &buffer_size, handles);
+    if (status != EFI_SUCCESS)
+    {
+        console.writeln("LocateHandle: error %x", status);
+        return false;
+    }
+    EFI_HANDLE gop_handle = handles[0];
+    EFI_HANDLE gop_interface;
+    status = st.BootServices.HandleProtocol(gop_handle,
+            &gop_guid, &gop_interface);
+    if (status != EFI_SUCCESS)
+    {
+        console.writeln("HandleProtocol: error %x", status);
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (gop_interface == null)
+    {
+        console.writeln("null interface from HandleProtocol");
+        return false;
+    }
+    EFI_GRAPHICS_OUTPUT_PROTOCOL * gop = cast(EFI_GRAPHICS_OUTPUT_PROTOCOL *)gop_interface;
+    UINTN info_size;
+    EFI_GRAPHICS_OUTPUT_MODE_INFORMATION * info;
+    uint best_width;
+    uint best_mode_number;
+    for (uint mode_number = 0u;
+         (status = gop.QueryMode(gop, mode_number, &info_size, &info)) == EFI_SUCCESS;
+         mode_number++)
+    {
+        if ((info.HorizontalResolution > best_width) &&
+            (info.HorizontalResolution <= max_horizontal_resolution))
+        {
+            best_width = info.HorizontalResolution;
+            best_mode_number = mode_number;
+        }
+        st.BootServices.FreePool(info);
+    }
+    if ((status = gop.SetMode(gop, best_mode_number)) != EFI_SUCCESS)
+    {
+        console.writeln("SetMode: Error %x\n", status);
+        return false;
+    }
+    bootinfo().fb.buffer = cast(uint *)gop.Mode.FrameBufferBase;
+    bootinfo().fb.width = gop.Mode.Info.HorizontalResolution;
+    bootinfo().fb.height = gop.Mode.Info.VerticalResolution;
+    bootinfo().fb.stride = gop.Mode.Info.PixelsPerScanLine;
+    bootinfo().fb.format = gop.Mode.Info.PixelFormat;
+    return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Walk the EFI memory map and translate it to the HULK bootinfo format.
+ */
+private void get_memory_map(ulong * bss_phys, ulong * stack_phys, ulong * max_physical_address, UINTN * memory_map_key)
+{
+    immutable static ubyte[] efi_to_hulk_memory_map_type = [
+        BootInfo.MemoryRegion.Type.Reserved, // EfiReservedMemoryType
+        BootInfo.MemoryRegion.Type.Conventional, // EfiLoaderCode
+        BootInfo.MemoryRegion.Type.Conventional, // EfiLoaderData
+        BootInfo.MemoryRegion.Type.Conventional, // EfiBootServicesCode
+        BootInfo.MemoryRegion.Type.Conventional, // EfiBootServicesData
+        BootInfo.MemoryRegion.Type.Reserved, // EfiRuntimeServicesCode
+        BootInfo.MemoryRegion.Type.Reserved, // EfiRuntimeServicesData
+        BootInfo.MemoryRegion.Type.Conventional, // EfiConventionalMemory
+        BootInfo.MemoryRegion.Type.Unusable, // EfiUnusableMemory
+        BootInfo.MemoryRegion.Type.ACPIReclaim, // EfiACPIReclaimMemory
+        BootInfo.MemoryRegion.Type.ACPINVS, // EfiACPIMemoryNVS
+        BootInfo.MemoryRegion.Type.MemoryMappedIO, // EfiMemoryMappedIO
+        BootInfo.MemoryRegion.Type.MemoryMappedIOPortSpace, // EfiMemoryMappedIOPortSpace
+        BootInfo.MemoryRegion.Type.PalCode, // EfiPalCode
+    ];
+    *max_physical_address = 0u;
+    UINTN memory_map_size = scratch.free();
+    UINTN descriptor_size;
+    UINT32 descriptor_version;
+    ubyte * scratch_base = scratch.current();
+    UINTN status = st.BootServices.GetMemoryMap(
+            &memory_map_size,
+            cast(EFI_MEMORY_DESCRIPTOR *)scratch_base,
+            memory_map_key,
+            &descriptor_size,
+            &descriptor_version);
+    if (status != EFI_SUCCESS)
+    {
+        console.writeln("GetMemoryMap: Error %x", status);
+        for (;;) {}
+    }
+    size_t n_entries = memory_map_size / descriptor_size;
+    size_t count;
+    bool found_bss;
+    bool found_stack;
+    for (count = 0u; count < n_entries; count++)
+    {
+        if (count > bootinfo().memory_map.length)
+        {
+            console.writeln("Memory map too large");
+            for (;;) {}
+        }
+        EFI_MEMORY_DESCRIPTOR * descriptor = cast(EFI_MEMORY_DESCRIPTOR *)&scratch_base[count * descriptor_size];
+        ulong end_address = descriptor.PhysicalStart + descriptor.NumberOfPages * 4096u;
+        if ((end_address > *max_physical_address) &&
+            ((descriptor.Type == EfiLoaderCode) ||
+             (descriptor.Type == EfiLoaderData) ||
+             (descriptor.Type == EfiBootServicesCode) ||
+             (descriptor.Type == EfiBootServicesData) ||
+             (descriptor.Type == EfiRuntimeServicesCode) ||
+             (descriptor.Type == EfiRuntimeServicesData) ||
+             (descriptor.Type == EfiConventionalMemory)))
+        {
+            *max_physical_address = end_address;
+        }
+        if (descriptor.Type >= efi_to_hulk_memory_map_type.length)
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+        bootinfo().memory_map[count].base = descriptor.PhysicalStart;
+        bootinfo().memory_map[count].size = descriptor.NumberOfPages * 4096u;
+        bootinfo().memory_map[count].type = efi_to_hulk_memory_map_type[descriptor.Type];
+        if ((!found_bss) &&
+            (descriptor.Type == EfiConventionalMemory) &&
+            (bootinfo().memory_map[count].size >= hulk_bss_size()))
+        {
+            *bss_phys = bootinfo().memory_map[count].base;
+            bootinfo().memory_map[count].base += hulk_bss_size();
+            bootinfo().memory_map[count].size -= hulk_bss_size();
+            found_bss = true;
+        }
+        if ((!found_stack) &&
+            (descriptor.Type == EfiConventionalMemory) &&
+            (bootinfo().memory_map[count].size >= hulk_stack_size()))
+        {
+            *stack_phys = bootinfo().memory_map[count].base;
+            bootinfo().memory_map[count].base += hulk_stack_size();
+            bootinfo().memory_map[count].size -= hulk_stack_size();
+            found_stack = true;
+        }
+    }
+    bootinfo().memory_map_count = count;
+    if ((!found_bss) && (!found_stack))
+    {
+        for (;;) {}
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Allocate a new page table.
+ */
+private PageTableEntry * new_page_table()
+{
+    PageTableEntry * pt = cast(PageTableEntry *)scratch.alloc(1u);
+    memset64(pt, 0u, 512);
+    return pt;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Map a virtual address to a physical address using 4KB pages.
+ *
+ * @param source_page Source page address.
+ * @param dest_page Destination page address.
+ * @param pt_base Page table base address.
+ */
+private void map4k(ulong source_page, ulong dest_page, PageTableEntry * pt_base)
+{
+    PageTableEntry * pt = pt_base;
+    PageTableEntry * next_pt;
+    for (size_t level = 0; level < 4u; level++)
+    {
+        size_t pt_index = PageTableEntry.page_table_index(source_page, level);
+        if (pt[pt_index].present())
+        {
+            pt = pt[pt_index].next();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ulong addr;
+            if (level < 3u)
+            {
+                next_pt = new_page_table();
+                addr = cast(ulong)next_pt;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                addr = dest_page;
+            }
+            pt[pt_index] = PageTableEntry(addr,
+                    0u, 0u, 0u, 0u, 0u, 0u, 1u, 1u);
+            pt = next_pt;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Map a virtual region to a physical region using 4KB pages.
+ *
+ * @param source Source address.
+ * @param dest Destination address.
+ * @param size Region size.
+ * @param pt_base Page table base address.
+ */
+private void map4kregion(ulong source, ulong dest, size_t size, PageTableEntry * pt_base)
+{
+    ulong end = source + size;
+    while (source < end)
+    {
+        map4k(source, dest, pt_base);
+        source += 4096u;
+        dest += 4096u;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Map a virtual address to a physical address using 2MB pages.
+ *
+ * @param source_page Source page address.
+ * @param dest_page Destination page address.
+ * @param pt_base Page table base address.
+ */
+private void map2m(ulong source_page, ulong dest_page, PageTableEntry * pt_base)
+{
+    PageTableEntry * pt = pt_base;
+    PageTableEntry * next_pt;
+    for (size_t level = 0; level < 3u; level++)
+    {
+        size_t pt_index = PageTableEntry.page_table_index(source_page, level);
+        if (pt[pt_index].present())
+        {
+            pt = pt[pt_index].next();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (level < 2u)
+            {
+                next_pt = new_page_table();
+                pt[pt_index] = PageTableEntry(cast(ulong)next_pt,
+                        0u, 0u, 0u, 0u, 0u, 0u, 1u, 1u);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                pt[pt_index] = PageTableEntry(dest_page,
+                        0u, 0u, 1u, 0u, 0u, 0u, 1u, 1u);
+            }
+            pt = next_pt;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Map HULK virtual addresses to physical kernel location.
+ *
+ * @param pt_base Page table base address.
+ */
+private void map_hulk(PageTableEntry * pt_base, ulong bss_phys, ulong stack_phys)
+{
+    /* Map HULK bin region. */
+    ulong virt = hulk_virt_base_address();
+    map4kregion(virt, hulk_bin_phys(), hulk_bin_size(), pt_base);
+    /* Map HULK bss region. */
+    virt += hulk_bin_size();
+    map4kregion(virt, bss_phys, hulk_bss_size(), pt_base);
+    /* Map HULK stack. */
+    virt = hulk_virt_stack_top() - hulk_stack_size();
+    map4kregion(virt, stack_phys, hulk_stack_size(), pt_base);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Build page tables in preparation to jump to HULK.
+ *
+ * @param max_physical_address Maximum physical address to identity map.
+ */
+private void build_page_tables(ulong max_physical_address, ulong bss_phys, ulong stack_phys)
+{
+    PageTableEntry * pt_base = new_page_table();
+    /* Map physical RAM. */
+    for (size_t addr = 0u; addr < max_physical_address; addr += (2u * 1024u * 1024u))
+    {
+        map2m(addr, addr, pt_base);
+    }
+    /* Map any memory regions that are outside physical RAM. */
+    for (size_t i = 0u; i < bootinfo().memory_map_count; i++)
+    {
+        ulong addr = bootinfo().memory_map[i].base;
+        if (addr >= max_physical_address)
+        {
+            map4kregion(addr, addr, bootinfo().memory_map[i].size, pt_base);
+        }
+    }
+    /* Map graphics framebuffer. */
+    ulong framebuffer_size = bootinfo().fb.height * bootinfo().fb.stride * 4u;
+    ulong fb_phys = cast(ulong)bootinfo().fb.buffer;
+    ulong fb_virt = hulk_virt_framebuffer_address();
+    map4kregion(fb_virt, fb_phys, framebuffer_size, pt_base);
+    /* Map HULK regions. */
+    map_hulk(pt_base, bss_phys, stack_phys);
+    /* Switch to the new page table. */
+    write_cr3(cast(ulong)pt_base);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Jump to HULK entry point.
+ */
+private void jump_to_hulk()
+{
+    __asm(
+            "jmpq *$0",
+            "r,{rsp}",
+            hulk_header().entry, hulk_virt_stack_top());
+}
+
+/**
+ * EFI application entry point.
+ *
+ * @param image_handle EFI application handle.
+ * @param st Pointer to EFI system table.
+ */
+extern (C) EFI_STATUS efi_main(EFI_HANDLE image_handle, EFI_SYSTEM_TABLE * st)
+{
+    .st = st;
+
+    console.clear();
+
+    console.writeln("Welcome to HELLO, HOS EFI Lightweight LOader, v0.1.0");
+    console.writeln("Firmware vendor: '%S', version: 0x%x", st.FirmwareVendor, st.FirmwareVendor);
+
+    if (!set_graphics_mode())
+    {
+        console.wait_key();
+        return EFI_SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    ulong bss_phys;
+    ulong stack_phys;
+    ulong max_physical_address;
+    UINTN memory_map_key;
+    for (;;)
+    {
+        get_memory_map(&bss_phys, &stack_phys, &max_physical_address, &memory_map_key);
+
+        EFI_STATUS status = st.BootServices.ExitBootServices(image_handle, memory_map_key);
+        if (status == EFI_INVALID_PARAMETER)
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (status == EFI_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+        console.writeln("ExitBootServices: Error %x", status);
+        console.wait_key();
+        return EFI_SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    build_page_tables(max_physical_address, bss_phys, stack_phys);
+
+    bootinfo().hulk_phys = hulk_bin_phys();
+    bootinfo().bss_phys = bss_phys;
+    bootinfo().stack_phys = stack_phys;
+
+    jump_to_hulk();
+
+    return EFI_SUCCESS;
+}

src/hello/scratch.d

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/**
+ * HELLO scratch buffer.
+ */
+module hello.scratch;
+
+struct scratch
+{
+    /* Scratch buffer. */
+    private static align(4096) __gshared ubyte[1024 * 1024] scratch;
+
+    /* Number of scratch buffer bytes used. */
+    private static __gshared size_t scratch_used;
+
+    /**
+     * Get the number of free bytes in the scratch buffer.
+     */
+    public static size_t free()
+    {
+        return scratch.sizeof - scratch_used;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the current free scratch buffer address.
+     */
+    public static ubyte * current()
+    {
+        return &scratch[scratch_used];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Allocate pages from the scratch buffer.
+     */
+    public static ubyte * alloc(size_t n = 1)
+    {
+        ubyte * address = &scratch[scratch_used];
+        scratch_used += 4096u * n;
+        return address;
+    }
+}

src/hos/cpu.d

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+import ldc.llvmasm;
+
+ulong read_cr0()
+{
+    return __asm!ulong("mov %cr0, %rax", "={rax}");
+}
+
+ulong read_cr2()
+{
+    return __asm!ulong("mov %cr2, %rax", "={rax}");
+}
+
+ulong read_cr3()
+{
+    return __asm!ulong("mov %cr3, %rax", "={rax}");
+}
+
+void write_cr3(ulong v)
+{
+    __asm("mov $0, %cr3", "r", v);
+}
+
+ulong read_cr4()
+{
+    return __asm!ulong("mov %cr4, %rax", "={rax}");
+}

src/hos/memory.d

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import ldc.llvmasm;
+
+void memset(void * dest, ubyte v, size_t n)
+{
+    __asm("rep stosb",
+          "{al},{rcx},{rdi},~{rcx},~{rdi},~{memory}",
+          v, n, dest);
+}
+
+void memset16(void * dest, ushort v, size_t n)
+{
+    __asm("rep stosw",
+          "{ax},{rcx},{rdi},~{rcx},~{rdi},~{memory}",
+          v, n, dest);
+}
+
+void memset32(void * dest, uint v, size_t n)
+{
+    __asm("rep stosl",
+          "{eax},{rcx},{rdi},~{rcx},~{rdi},~{memory}",
+          v, n, dest);
+}
+
+void memset64(void * dest, ulong v, size_t n)
+{
+    __asm("rep stosq",
+          "{rax},{rcx},{rdi},~{rcx},~{rdi},~{memory}",
+          v, n, dest);
+}
+
+void memcpy(void * dest, void * src, size_t n)
+{
+    __asm("rep movsb",
+          "{rcx},{rsi},{rdi},~{rcx},~{rsi},~{rdi},~{memory}",
+          n, src, dest);
+}
+
+void memcpy16(void * dest, void * src, size_t n)
+{
+    __asm("rep movsw",
+          "{rcx},{rsi},{rdi},~{rcx},~{rsi},~{rdi},~{memory}",
+          n, src, dest);
+}
+
+void memcpy32(void * dest, void * src, size_t n)
+{
+    __asm("rep movsl",
+          "{rcx},{rsi},{rdi},~{rcx},~{rsi},~{rdi},~{memory}",
+          n, src, dest);
+}
+
+void memcpy64(void * dest, void * src, size_t n)
+{
+    __asm("rep movsq",
+          "{rcx},{rsi},{rdi},~{rcx},~{rsi},~{rdi},~{memory}",
+          n, src, dest);
+}

src/hos/page_table.d

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+struct PageTableEntry
+{
+    ulong entry;
+
+    this(ulong address, ulong no_execute, ulong global,
+            ulong huge, ulong disable_cache, ulong write_through, ulong user,
+            ulong writable, ulong present)
+    {
+        entry = (present |
+                (writable << 1) |
+                (user << 2) |
+                (write_through << 3) |
+                (disable_cache << 4) |
+                (huge << 7) |
+                (global << 8) |
+                (no_execute << 63)) | address;
+    }
+
+    bool present()
+    {
+        return (entry & 0x1u) != 0u;
+    }
+
+    PageTableEntry * next()
+    {
+        return cast(PageTableEntry *)(entry & 0x7FFF_FFFF_FFFF_F000u);
+    }
+
+    static ulong page_table_index(ulong address, size_t level)
+    {
+        return ((address >> (39u - 9u * level)) & 0x1FFu);
+    }
+}

src/hulk/bootinfo.d

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/**
+ * HULK boot information.
+ */
+module hulk.bootinfo;
+
+/**
+ * HULK boot information structure.
+ */
+struct BootInfo
+{
+    /**
+     * Framebuffer description structure.
+     */
+    struct Framebuffer
+    {
+        /** Framebuffer physical base address. */
+        uint * buffer;
+        /** Horizontal resolution. */
+        uint width;
+        /** Vertical resolution. */
+        uint height;
+        /** Number of pixels per scan line. */
+        uint stride;
+        /** Pixel format. */
+        uint format;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Memory map entry description structure.
+     */
+    struct MemoryRegion
+    {
+        enum Type
+        {
+            Reserved,
+            Conventional,
+            Unusable,
+            ACPIReclaim,
+            ACPINVS,
+            MemoryMappedIO,
+            MemoryMappedIOPortSpace,
+            PalCode,
+        }
+
+        /** Base address of the memory region. */
+        ulong base;
+        /** Size in bytes of the memory region. */
+        size_t size;
+        /** Type of the memory region. */
+        ubyte type;
+    }
+
+    /* Framebuffer parameters. */
+    Framebuffer fb;
+
+    /* Memory map. */
+    MemoryRegion[1000] memory_map;
+
+    /* Number of memory map entries. */
+    size_t memory_map_count;
+
+    /* Physical address of HULK. */
+    ulong hulk_phys;
+
+    /* Physical address used for HULK bss section. */
+    ulong bss_phys;
+
+    /* Physical address of stack while jumping to HULK. */
+    ulong stack_phys;
+}

src/hulk/console.d

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+/**
+ * HULK Console functionality.
+ */
+module hulk.console;
+
+import hulk.fb;
+import hulk.kfont;
+
+struct console
+{
+    /** Console width in text columns. */
+    private static __gshared size_t m_width;
+
+    /** Console height in text rows. */
+    private static __gshared size_t m_height;
+
+    /** Current console cursor X position. */
+    private static __gshared size_t m_x;
+
+    /** Current console cursor Y position. */
+    private static __gshared size_t m_y;
+
+    /**
+     * Initialize the console.
+     */
+    public static void initialize()
+    {
+        m_width = fb.width / kfont.advance;
+        m_height = fb.height / kfont.line_height;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clear the console.
+     */
+    public static void clear()
+    {
+        fb.clear();
+        m_x = 0u;
+        m_y = 0u;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write a character to the console.
+     *
+     * @param ch Character to write.
+     */
+    public static void write(char ch)
+    {
+        if (ch == '\n')
+        {
+            m_x = 0u;
+            m_y++;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            render_char(m_x, m_y, ch);
+            m_x++;
+            if (m_x == m_width)
+            {
+                m_x = 0u;
+                m_y++;
+            }
+        }
+        if (m_y == m_height)
+        {
+            m_y--;
+            fb.copy_rows_up(fb_y(m_height - 1u),
+                    (m_height - 1u) * kfont.line_height,
+                    kfont.line_height);
+            fb.rect(0u, fb_y(m_height - 1u), fb_x(m_width), kfont.line_height, 0u);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Render a character.
+     *
+     * @param x X position.
+     * @param y Y position.
+     * @param ch Character to render.
+     */
+    private static void render_char(size_t x, size_t y, char ch)
+    {
+        const(CharInfo) * ci = &kfont.chars[ch];
+        fb.blit_alpha_bitmap(fb_x(x) + ci.left, fb_y(y) + ci.top - ci.height, ci.bitmap, ci.width, ci.height);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the framebuffer X coordinate corresponding to the console X position.
+     */
+    private static size_t fb_x(size_t x)
+    {
+        return x * kfont.advance;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the framebuffer Y coordinate corresponding to the console Y position.
+     */
+    private static size_t fb_y(size_t y)
+    {
+        return fb.height - ((y + 1u) * kfont.line_height);
+    }
+}

src/hulk/fb.d

@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+/**
+ * HULK Framebuffer support.
+ */
+module hulk.fb;
+
+import hos.memory;
+import hulk.kfont;
+
+/**
+ * Represent a graphical frame buffer.
+ *
+ * TODO: Handle other pixel formats. Currently only BGRx is supported.
+ */
+struct fb
+{
+    /** Frame buffer base address. */
+    private __gshared static uint * m_buffer;
+
+    /** Frame buffer width. */
+    private __gshared static uint m_width;
+
+    /** Frame buffer height. */
+    private __gshared static uint m_height;
+
+    /** Frame buffer stride. */
+    private __gshared static uint m_stride;
+
+    /** Number of pixels in the frame buffer (whether visible or not). */
+    private __gshared static uint m_buffer_size;
+
+    /**
+     * Get the framebuffer width.
+     */
+    public static @property uint width()
+    {
+        return m_width;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the framebuffer height.
+     */
+    public static @property uint height()
+    {
+        return m_height;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Initialize a frame buffer.
+     *
+     * @param buffer Frame buffer base address.
+     * @param width Frame buffer width.
+     * @param height Frame buffer height.
+     * @param stride Frame buffer stride.
+     */
+    static void initialize(uint * buffer, uint width, uint height, uint stride)
+    {
+        m_buffer = buffer;
+        m_width = width;
+        m_height = height;
+        m_stride = stride;
+        m_buffer_size = stride * height;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clear the frame buffer to the given color.
+     *
+     * @param color Color to clear to.
+     */
+    static void clear(uint color = 0u)
+    {
+        memset32(m_buffer, color, m_buffer_size);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Draw a solid rectangle on the framebuffer.
+     *
+     * @param x X coordinate of left side of rectangle.
+     * @param y Y coordinate of bottom side of rectangle.
+     * @param width Width of rectangle.
+     * @param height Height of rectangle.
+     * @param color Color of rectangle.
+     */
+    static void rect(size_t x, size_t y, size_t width, size_t height, uint color)
+    {
+        for (size_t iy = 0u; iy < height; iy++)
+        {
+            size_t buffer_index = buffer_index(x, y);
+            memset32(&m_buffer[buffer_index], color, width);
+            y++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Draw a horizontal line.
+     *
+     * @param x X coordinate of left side of line.
+     * @param y Y coordinate of line.
+     * @param width Width of line.
+     * @param color Color of line.
+     */
+    static void hline(size_t x, size_t y, size_t width, uint color)
+    {
+        size_t buffer_index = buffer_index(x, y);
+        memset32(&m_buffer[buffer_index], color, width);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Draw a vertical line.
+     *
+     * @param x X coordinate of line.
+     * @param y Y coordinate of bottom of line.
+     * @param height Height of line.
+     * @param color Color of line.
+     */
+    static void vline(size_t x, size_t y, size_t height, uint color)
+    {
+        size_t buffer_index = buffer_index(x, y);
+        for (size_t iy = 0u; iy < height; iy++)
+        {
+            m_buffer[buffer_index] = color;
+            buffer_index -= m_stride;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Draw a character.
+     *
+     * @param x X coordinate of left side of character.
+     * @param y Y coordinate of bottom side of character.
+     * @param ch Character to draw.
+     * @param color Color of character.
+     */
+    static void character(int x, int y, char ch, uint color)
+    {
+        const(CharInfo) * ci = &kfont.chars[ch];
+        blend_alpha_bitmap(x + ci.left, y + kfont.baseline_offset + ci.top - ci.height, ci.bitmap, ci.width, ci.height, color);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Blend an 8-bit alpha bitmap to the framebuffer.
+     *
+     * @param x X coordinate of left side of target location.
+     * @param y Y coordinate of bottom side of target location.
+     * @param alpha_bitmap 8-bit alpha-channel bitmap.
+     * @param width Bitmap width.
+     * @param height Bitmap height.
+     * @param color Color to blend with alpha value.
+     */
+    static void blend_alpha_bitmap(size_t x, size_t y, const(ubyte) * alpha_bitmap,
+            size_t width, size_t height, uint color)
+    {
+        y += height - 1u;
+        size_t bitmap_index;
+        for (size_t iy = 0u; iy < height; iy++)
+        {
+            for (size_t ix = 0u; ix < width; ix++)
+            {
+                size_t buffer_index = buffer_index(x + ix, y);
+                ubyte alpha = alpha_bitmap[bitmap_index];
+                uint current_color = m_buffer[buffer_index];
+                uint in_color_scaled = scale_color(color, alpha);
+                uint old_color_scaled = scale_color(current_color, 255u - alpha);
+                uint new_color = old_color_scaled + in_color_scaled;
+                m_buffer[buffer_index] = new_color;
+                bitmap_index++;
+            }
+            y--;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Blend an 8-bit alpha bitmap to the framebuffer.
+     *
+     * @param x X coordinate of left side of target location.
+     * @param y Y coordinate of bottom side of target location.
+     * @param alpha_bitmap 8-bit alpha-channel bitmap.
+     * @param width Bitmap width.
+     * @param height Bitmap height.
+     * @param color Color to blend with alpha value.
+     */
+    static void blend_alpha_bitmap(size_t x, size_t y, const(ubyte)[] alpha_bitmap,
+            size_t width, size_t height, uint color)
+    {
+        blend_alpha_bitmap(x, y, alpha_bitmap.ptr, width, height, color);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Blit an 8-bit alpha bitmap to the framebuffer.
+     * The foreground will be white (based on the alpha value), and the
+     * background black.
+     *
+     * @param x X coordinate of left side of target location.
+     * @param y Y coordinate of bottom side of target location.
+     * @param alpha_bitmap 8-bit alpha-channel bitmap.
+     * @param width Bitmap width.
+     * @param height Bitmap height.
+     */
+    static void blit_alpha_bitmap(size_t x, size_t y, const(ubyte) * alpha_bitmap,
+            size_t width, size_t height)
+    {
+        y += height - 1u;
+        size_t bitmap_index;
+        for (size_t iy = 0u; iy < height; iy++)
+        {
+            for (size_t ix = 0u; ix < width; ix++)
+            {
+                size_t buffer_index = buffer_index(x + ix, y);
+                ubyte alpha = alpha_bitmap[bitmap_index];
+                m_buffer[buffer_index] = (alpha << 16u) | (alpha << 8u) | alpha;
+                bitmap_index++;
+            }
+            y--;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Blit an 8-bit alpha bitmap to the framebuffer.
+     * The foreground will be white (based on the alpha value), and the
+     * background black.
+     *
+     * @param x X coordinate of left side of target location.
+     * @param y Y coordinate of bottom side of target location.
+     * @param alpha_bitmap 8-bit alpha-channel bitmap.
+     * @param width Bitmap width.
+     * @param height Bitmap height.
+     */
+    static void blit_alpha_bitmap(size_t x, size_t y, const(ubyte)[] alpha_bitmap,
+            size_t width, size_t height)
+    {
+        blit_alpha_bitmap(x, y, alpha_bitmap.ptr, width, height);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Copy framebuffer rows up in the framebuffer.
+     *
+     * @param y Y coordinate of bottom side of region to copy up.
+     * @param height Height of region to copy up.
+     * @param offset Number of rows to copy region up by.
+     */
+    static void copy_rows_up(size_t y, size_t height, size_t offset)
+    {
+        memcpy32(&m_buffer[buffer_index(0u, y + height + offset - 1u)],
+                 &m_buffer[buffer_index(0u, y + height - 1u)],
+                 (m_stride * height));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Scale a color value by an alpha amount.
+     *
+     * @param color Color value.
+     * @param alpha Alpha amount.
+     *
+     * @return Scaled color value.
+     */
+    private static uint scale_color(uint color, ubyte alpha)
+    {
+        return ((((color & 0xFFu) * alpha) >> 8u) & 0xFFu) |
+               ((((color & 0xFF00u) * alpha) >> 8u) & 0xFF00u) |
+               ((((color & 0xFF0000u) * alpha) >> 8u) & 0xFF0000u);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the buffer index for the given X and Y coordinates.
+     *
+     * @param x X coordinate from left side of framebuffer.
+     * @param y Y coordinate from bottom side of framebuffer.
+     *
+     * @return Buffer index for the given X and Y coordinates.
+     */
+    private static size_t buffer_index(size_t x, size_t y)
+    {
+        return (m_height - y - 1u) * m_stride + x;
+    }
+}

src/hulk/header.d

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/**
+ * HULK image header.
+ */
+module hulk.header;
+
+import hulk.bootinfo;
+
+/**
+ * Header describing the HULK image.
+ */
+struct HulkHeader
+{
+    /**
+     * Total size of memory to be mapped.
+     *
+     * The OS loader must ensure that virtual memory is mapped for this entire
+     * size.
+     * This value is really an integer, but is stored as a pointer because it
+     * is provided by the linker and LDC does not like us to cast it.
+     */
+    void * total_size;
+
+    /** Entry point. */
+    void * entry;
+
+    /** Stack size. */
+    ulong stack_size;
+
+    /** Virtual base address. */
+    ulong virt_base;
+
+    /** Stack top virtual address. */
+    ulong virt_stack_top;
+
+    /** Framebuffer virtual address. */
+    ulong virt_fb_buffer;
+
+    /** HULK boot information. */
+    BootInfo bootinfo;
+}

src/hulk/hulk.d

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/**
+ * HULK, the HOS Ultra Light Kernel.
+ */
+module hulk.hulk;
+
+import hulk.header;
+import hulk.fb;
+import hulk.console;
+import hos.memory;
+import ldc.attributes;
+import hulk.kfont;
+import hulk.klog;
+import hulk.hurl;
+
+extern extern(C) __gshared ubyte _hulk_total_size;
+
+@(ldc.attributes.section(".hulk_header"))
+private __gshared HulkHeader hulk_header = {
+    &_hulk_total_size, /* total_size */
+    &hulk_start, /* entry */
+    16u * 1024u, /* stack_size */
+    HULK_VIRTUAL_BASE_ADDRESS, /* virt_base */
+    HULK_VIRTUAL_STACK_TOP_ADDRESS, /* virt_stack_top */
+    HULK_VIRTUAL_FRAMEBUFFER_ADDRESS, /* virt_fb_buffer */
+};
+
+/**
+ * HULK entry point.
+ */
+void hulk_start()
+{
+    fb.initialize(cast(uint *)HULK_VIRTUAL_FRAMEBUFFER_ADDRESS, hulk_header.bootinfo.fb.width, hulk_header.bootinfo.fb.height, hulk_header.bootinfo.fb.stride);
+    console.initialize();
+    console.clear();
+    klog.initialize();
+
+    klog.writefln("Welcome to HULK, the HOS UltraLight Kernel!");
+
+    for (;;)
+    {
+    }
+}

src/hulk/hulk.ld

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+SECTIONS
+{
+    . = 0xFFFF800000000000;
+    _hulk_mem_start = .;
+
+    .hulk_header BLOCK(4K) : ALIGN(4K)
+    {
+        *(.hulk_header)
+    }
+    _hulk_header_size = . - _hulk_mem_start;
+
+    .text BLOCK(4K) : ALIGN(4K)
+    {
+        *(.text)
+    }
+
+    .rodata BLOCK(4K) : ALIGN(4K)
+    {
+        *(.rodata)
+    }
+
+    .data BLOCK(4K) : ALIGN(4K)
+    {
+        *(.data)
+    }
+
+    .bss BLOCK(4K) : ALIGN(4K)
+    {
+        *(COMMON)
+        *(.bss)
+    }
+
+    . = ALIGN(4K);
+
+    _hulk_mem_end = .;
+    _hulk_total_size = _hulk_mem_end - _hulk_mem_start;
+}

src/hulk/hurl.d

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/**
+ * HURL, the HOS Unreal Region Locator.
+ *
+ * HURL provides virtual memory management for HULK.
+ */
+module hulk.hurl;
+
+/** HULK virtual base address. */
+enum ulong HULK_VIRTUAL_BASE_ADDRESS = 0xFFFF_8000_0000_0000u;
+
+/** HULK virtual stack top address. */
+enum ulong HULK_VIRTUAL_STACK_TOP_ADDRESS = 0xFFFF_A000_0000_0000u;
+
+/** HULK virtual framebuffer address. */
+enum ulong HULK_VIRTUAL_FRAMEBUFFER_ADDRESS = 0xFFFF_A000_0000_0000u;

src/hulk/klog.d

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/**
+ * HULK Kernel Log buffer.
+ */
+module hulk.klog;
+
+import core.stdc.stdarg;
+import hulk.console;
+static import hulk.writef;
+
+struct klog
+{
+    /**
+     * Kernel buffer size log.
+     * 16 gives a kernel buffer size of 64KB.
+     */
+    private enum size_t KLOG_SIZE_LOG = 16u;
+
+    /** Kernel buffer size.  */
+    private enum size_t KLOG_SIZE = 1u << KLOG_SIZE_LOG;
+
+    /** Kernel log buffer. */
+    private static __gshared align(4096) char[KLOG_SIZE] klog_buffer;
+
+    /** Write index in the kernel log buffer. */
+    private static __gshared size_t klog_index;
+
+    /**
+     * Initialize the klog module.
+     */
+    public static void initialize()
+    {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write a formatted string to the kernel log.
+     *
+     * @param s Format string.
+     * @param args Variable arguments structure.
+     */
+    public static void writef(string s, va_list args)
+    {
+        hulk.writef.writef(s, args, function void(ubyte ch) {
+                    console.write(ch);
+                });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write a formatted string to the kernel log.
+     *
+     * @param s Format string.
+     */
+    public static extern (C) void writef(string s, ...)
+    {
+        va_list args;
+        va_start(args, s);
+        writef(s, args);
+        va_end(args);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write a formatted string and newline to the console.
+     *
+     * @param s Format string.
+     */
+    public static extern (C) void writefln(string s, ...)
+    {
+        va_list args;
+        va_start(args, s);
+        writef(s, args);
+        writef("\n", args);
+        va_end(args);
+    }
+}

src/hulk/writef.d

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+/**
+ * HULK Formatted stream writing support.
+ */
+module hulk.writef;
+
+import core.stdc.stdarg;
+
+alias ch_out_fn = void function(ubyte);
+
+/**
+ * Format a string and write characters to the given output function.
+ *
+ * @param s Format string.
+ * @param args Variable arguments structure.
+ * @param ch_out Character output function.
+ *
+ * @return Number of characters written.
+ */
+size_t writef(string s, va_list args, ch_out_fn ch_out)
+{
+    size_t length_written;
+    bool escape = false;
+    char pad = ' ';
+    size_t width;
+    foreach (char c; s)
+    {
+        if (escape)
+        {
+            if (c == 'x')
+            {
+                ulong v;
+                va_arg(args, v);
+                length_written += write_hex(v, false, pad, width, ch_out);
+                escape = false;
+            }
+            else if (c == 'X')
+            {
+                ulong v;
+                va_arg(args, v);
+                length_written += write_hex(v, true, pad, width, ch_out);
+                escape = false;
+            }
+            else if (c == 'u')
+            {
+                ulong v;
+                va_arg(args, v);
+                length_written += write_udec(v, pad, width, ch_out);
+                escape = false;
+            }
+            else if ((c == '0') && (width == 0u))
+            {
+                pad = '0';
+            }
+            else if (('0' <= c) && (c <= '9'))
+            {
+                width = (width * 10u) + (c - '0');
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ch_out(c);
+                escape = false;
+            }
+        }
+        else if (c == '%')
+        {
+            escape = true;
+            pad = ' ';
+            width = 0u;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ch_out(c);
+        }
+    }
+    return length_written;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Format a value in hexadecimal to the given output function.
+ *
+ * @param v Value to format.
+ * @param upper Whether to use uppercase letters.
+ * @param pad Pad character to use.
+ * @param width Field width.
+ * @param ch_out Character output function.
+ *
+ * @return Number of characters written.
+ */
+private size_t write_hex(ulong v, bool upper, char pad, size_t width, ch_out_fn ch_out)
+{
+    string hex_chars_lower = "0123456789abcdef";
+    string hex_chars_upper = "0123456789ABCDEF";
+    char[16] buf;
+    size_t i;
+    do
+    {
+        ulong n = v & 0xFu;
+        buf[i] = upper ? hex_chars_upper[n] : hex_chars_lower[n];
+        v >>= 4u;
+        i++;
+    } while (v != 0u);
+    size_t length_written = i;
+    while (width > i)
+    {
+        ch_out(pad);
+        width--;
+        length_written++;
+    }
+    do
+    {
+        i--;
+        ch_out(buf[i]);
+    } while (i != 0u);
+    return length_written;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Format a value in decimal to the given output function.
+ *
+ * @param v Value to format.
+ * @param pad Pad character to use.
+ * @param width Field width.
+ * @param ch_out Character output function.
+ *
+ * @return Number of characters written.
+ */
+private size_t write_udec(ulong v, char pad, size_t width, ch_out_fn ch_out)
+{
+    char[20] buf;
+    size_t i;
+    do
+    {
+        ulong d = v % 10u;
+        buf[i] = cast(char)(d + '0');
+        v /= 10u;
+        i++;
+    } while (v != 0u);
+    size_t length_written = i;
+    while (width > i)
+    {
+        ch_out(pad);
+        width--;
+        length_written++;
+    }
+    do
+    {
+        i--;
+        ch_out(buf[i]);
+    } while (i != 0u);
+    return length_written;
+}

x86_64-elf-gcc.rb

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
+project_name "x86_64-elf-gcc"
 binutils_version = "2.35"
 binutils_checksum = "1b11659fb49e20e18db460d44485f09442c8c56d5df165de9461eb09c8302f85"
 gcc_version = "10.2.0"
 gcc_checksum = "b8dd4368bb9c7f0b98188317ee0254dd8cc99d1e3a18d0ff146c855fe16c1d8c"
-install_path = File.expand_path("i686-elf-gcc")
-target = "i686-elf"
+install_path = File.expand_path("x86_64-elf-gcc")
+target = "x86_64-elf"
 path_prepend "#{install_path}/bin"
 
 configure do
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ default do
     cd "#{build_dir}/build-gcc" do
       sh %W[../gcc-#{gcc_version}/configure
         --target=#{target} --prefix=#{install_path} --disable-nls
-        --enable-languages=c,c++ --without-headers]
+        --enable-languages=c --without-headers]
       sh "make all-gcc"
       sh "make all-target-libgcc"
       sh "make install-gcc"