Import backup from 2004-01-26

Functions.c

@@ -1,18 +1,21 @@
 //Functions.c
 //05/07/03 Josh Holtrop
 //for HOS
+//Modified: 10/30/03
 
-
+//Writes a byte out to a port
 inline void outportb(unsigned int port, unsigned char value)		// Output a byte to a port
 {
     asm volatile ("outb %%al,%%dx"::"d" (port), "a" (value));
 };
 
+//Writes a word out to a port
 inline void outportw(unsigned int port, unsigned int value)		// Output a word to a port
 {
     asm volatile ("outw %%ax,%%dx"::"d" (port), "a" (value));
 };
 
+//Reads a byte from a port
 inline byte inportb(unsigned short port)
 {
 	unsigned char ret_val;
@@ -23,47 +26,245 @@ inline byte inportb(unsigned short port)
 	return ret_val;
 };
 
-void enable_ints()
+//Enables (SeTs) Interrupt Flag on the processor
+inline void enable_ints()
 {
 	asm("sti");
 };
 
-void disable_ints()
+//Disables (CLears) Interrupt Flag on the processor
+inline void disable_ints()
 {
 	asm("cli");
 };
 
+
+char *strcat(char *dest, char *src)
+{
+	strcpy(dest+strlen(dest), src);
+}
+
+
+//converts a binary-coded-decimal byte to its decimal equivalent
+inline byte bcd2byte(byte bcd)
+{
+ 	return (10* ((bcd & 0xF0) >> 4)) + (bcd & 0x0F);
+}
+
+//converts a binary-coded-decimal byte to its decimal equivalent
+inline byte byte2bcd(byte bite)
+{
+	return ((bite / 10) << 4) | (bite % 10);
+}
+
+void	rtrim(char *str)
+{
+	str += strlen(str);	//now points to the null character at the end of the string
+	str--;
+	for (;;)
+	{
+		if ((*str == ' ') || (*str == '\t') || (*str == '\n'))
+			*str-- = 0;
+		else
+			break;
+	}
+}
+
+
+char	*ucase(char *str)
+{
+	char *ret = str;
+	for (;;)
+	{
+		if (*str == 0)
+			break;
+		if ((*str >= 'a') && (*str <= 'z'))
+			*str = (*str) - 32;
+		str++;
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
+char	*lcase(char *str)
+{
+	char *ret = str;
+	for (;;)
+	{
+		if (*str == 0)
+			break;
+		if ((*str >= 'A') && (*str <= 'Z'))
+			*str = (*str) + 32;
+		str++;
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
+//Re-maps the Programmable Interrupr Controllers so IRQ0->pic1 base address, IRG8->pic2 base address
 void remap_pics(int pic1, int pic2)
 {
 	byte	a1, a2;
 
-	a1 = inportb(PIC1_DATA);
+	a1 = inportb(PIC1_DATA);      //0x21
-	a2 = inportb(PIC2_DATA);
+	a2 = inportb(PIC2_DATA);      //0xA1
 
-	outportb(PIC1_COMMAND, ICW1_INIT+ICW1_ICW4);
+	outportb(PIC1_COMMAND, ICW1_INIT+ICW1_ICW4);	//0x20, 0x10+0x01 00010001b
-	outportb(PIC2_COMMAND, ICW1_INIT+ICW1_ICW4);
+	outportb(PIC2_COMMAND, ICW1_INIT+ICW1_ICW4);	//0xA0, 0x10+0x01 00010001b
-	outportb(PIC1_DATA, pic1);
+	outportb(PIC1_DATA, pic1);			//0x21, pic1
-	outportb(PIC2_DATA, pic2);
+	outportb(PIC2_DATA, pic2);			//0xA1, pic2
-	outportb(PIC1_DATA, 4);
+	outportb(PIC1_DATA, 4);				//0x21, 0x04      00000100b
-	outportb(PIC2_DATA, 2);
+	outportb(PIC2_DATA, 2);				//0xA1, 0x02      00000010b
-	outportb(PIC1_DATA, ICW4_8086);
+	outportb(PIC1_DATA, ICW4_8086);			//0x21, 0x01      00000001b
-	outportb(PIC2_DATA, ICW4_8086);
+	outportb(PIC2_DATA, ICW4_8086);			//0xA1, 0x01      00000001b
-	
-	outportb(PIC1_DATA, a1);
-	outportb(PIC2_DATA, a2);
-};
 
+	outportb(PIC1_DATA, a1);			//0x21
+	outportb(PIC2_DATA, a2);			//0xA1
+}
+
+//Masks interrupts on first Programmable Interrupt Controller
+inline void pic1_mask(byte mask)
+{
+	outportb(PIC1_DATA, mask);			//0x21, maskfield *OCW1*
+}
+
+//Masks interrupts on second Programmable Interrupt Controller
+inline void pic2_mask(byte mask)
+{
+ 	outportb(PIC2_DATA, mask);			//0xA1, maskfield *OCW1*
+}
+
+//Restarts the computer
 inline void restart()
 {
+ 	enable_ints();
+ 	byte temp;
+	do
+	{
+		temp = inportb(0x64);
+		if (temp & 1)
+		inportb(0x60);
+	} while(temp & 2);
+
+
 	outportb (0x64, 0xfe);
 	for (;;)
 	{
 	}
 }
 
+//Halts (freezes) the computer
+inline void halt()
+{
+ 	asm("cli");
+ 	asm("hlt");
+ 	while (1)
+ 	;
+}
+
+//Initializes 8253 Programmable Interrupt Timer
+inline void init_timer()
+{
+ 	//set timer : 2e9c = 100hz
+	outportb(0x43, 0x34);
+	outportb(0x40, 0x9c); //lsb
+	outportb(0x40, 0x2e); //msb
+}
+
+//Signals an End Of Interrupt signal to the first PIC
 inline void eoi()
 {
-	outportb(0x20, 0x20);							//EOI
+	outportb(0x20, 0x20);
+}
+
+//Signals an End Of Interrupt signal to both the second and first PIC unit
+inline void eoi2()
+{
+ 	outportb(0xA0, 0x20);
+ 	outportb(0x20, 0x20);
+}
+
+//Returns the size of the kernel (code & data)
+// - this does not include the bss section
+// - this should be 4kb aligned per the linker script
+// - this should be the size of kernel.bin
+inline dword kernel_size()
+{
+	return (dword)(&_bss)-(dword)(&_code);
+}
+
+
+//These functions are for reading and writing various values stored on the CMOS Real Time Clock
+byte	rtc_readDay()
+{
+	outportb(0x70, 7);
+	return bcd2byte(inportb(0x71));
+}
+
+byte	rtc_readMonth()
+{
+	outportb(0x70, 8);
+	return bcd2byte(inportb(0x71));
+}
+
+byte	rtc_readYear()
+{
+	outportb(0x70, 9);
+	return bcd2byte(inportb(0x71));
+}
+
+byte	rtc_readSecond()
+{
+	outportb(0x70, 0);
+	return bcd2byte(inportb(0x71));
+}
+
+byte	rtc_readMinute()
+{
+	outportb(0x70, 2);
+	return bcd2byte(inportb(0x71));
+}
+
+byte	rtc_readHour()
+{
+	outportb(0x70, 4);
+	return bcd2byte(inportb(0x71));
+}
+
+void	rtc_setDay(byte day)
+{
+	outportb(0x70, 7);
+	outportb(0x71, byte2bcd(day));
+}
+
+void	rtc_setMonth(byte month)
+{
+	outportb(0x70, 8);
+	outportb(0x71, byte2bcd(month));
+}
+
+void	rtc_setYear(byte year)
+{
+	outportb(0x70, 9);
+	outportb(0x71, byte2bcd(year));
+}
+
+void	rtc_setSecond(byte second)
+{
+	outportb(0x70, 0);
+	outportb(0x71, byte2bcd(second));
+}
+
+void	rtc_setMinute(byte minute)
+{
+	outportb(0x70, 2);
+	outportb(0x71, byte2bcd(minute));
+}
+
+void	rtc_setHour(byte hour)
+{
+	outportb(0x70, 4);
+	outportb(0x71, byte2bcd(hour));
 }
 
 
@@ -72,3 +273,4 @@ inline void eoi()
 
 
 
+

asmfuncs.asm

@@ -0,0 +1,470 @@
+; asmfuncs.asm
+; Josh Holtrop
+; Created: 10/23/03
+; Modified: 12/25/03
+
+[extern _putc]
+[extern _console_memory]
+[extern _cursorPosition]
+[extern _video_drawConsole]
+[extern _videoMode]
+
+%macro jzfar 1
+	jnz	%%skip
+	jmp	%1
+%%skip:
+
+%endmacro
+
+;stores the parameter to the CR0 register
+;extern dword write_cr0(dword cr0);
+[global _write_cr0]
+_write_cr0:
+	push	ebp
+	mov	ebp, esp
+	mov	eax, [ebp+8]
+	mov	cr0, eax
+	pop	ebp
+	ret
+
+;returns the value in the CR0 register
+;extern dword read_cr0();
+[global _read_cr0]
+_read_cr0:
+	mov	eax, cr0;
+	ret
+
+;stores the parameter to the CR3 register
+;extern dword write_cr3(dword cr3);
+[global _write_cr3]
+_write_cr3:
+	push	ebp
+	mov	ebp, esp
+	mov	eax, [ebp+8]
+	mov	cr3, eax
+	pop	ebp
+	ret
+
+
+;returns the value in the CR2 register
+;extern dword read_cr2();
+[global _read_cr2]
+_read_cr2:
+	mov	eax, cr2;
+	ret
+
+
+
+;returns the value in the CR3 register
+;extern dword read_cr3();
+[global _read_cr3]
+_read_cr3:
+	mov	eax, cr3;
+	ret
+
+
+;compares one string to another
+;returns 0 if the strings are different
+;extern dword strcmp(char *str1, char *str2);
+[global _strcmp]
+_strcmp:
+	push	ebp
+	mov	ebp, esp
+	push	esi
+	push	edi
+
+	mov	esi, [ebp+8]
+	mov	edi, [ebp+12]
+strcmp_loop1:
+	lodsb
+	mov	ah, [edi]
+	inc	edi
+	cmp	ah, al
+	jnz	strcmp_ne
+	or	al, al
+	jz	strcmp_e
+	jmp	strcmp_loop1
+strcmp_e:
+	mov	eax, 1
+	jmp short strcmp_done
+strcmp_ne:
+	xor	eax, eax
+strcmp_done:
+
+	pop	edi
+	pop	esi
+	pop	ebp
+	ret
+
+;copies a string from the source to the destination parameter
+;extern void strcpy(char *dest, char *src);
+[global _strcpy]
+_strcpy:
+	push	ebp
+	mov	ebp, esp
+	push	esi
+	push	edi
+	mov	edi, [ebp+8]
+	mov	esi, [ebp+12]
+strcpyloop:
+	lodsb
+	stosb
+	or	al, al
+	jnz	strcpyloop
+	pop	edi
+	pop	esi
+	pop	ebp
+	ret
+
+;copies memory of n bytes from src to destination
+;extern void memcpy(dword dest, dword src, dword n);
+[global _memcpy]
+_memcpy:
+	push	ebp
+	mov	ebp, esp
+	push	esi
+	push	edi
+	push	ecx
+	mov	edi, [ebp+8]
+	mov	esi, [ebp+12]
+	mov	ecx, [ebp+16]
+
+	rep	movsb
+
+	pop	ecx
+	pop	edi
+	pop	esi
+	pop	ebp
+	ret
+
+;returns the number of characters in a string
+;extern dword strlen(char *str);
+[global _strlen]
+_strlen:
+	push	ebp
+	mov	ebp, esp
+	push	esi
+	push	ebx
+	mov	esi, [ebp+8]
+	xor	ebx, ebx
+strlenloop:
+	lodsb
+	or	al, al
+	jz	strlendone
+	inc	ebx
+	jmp	strlenloop
+strlendone:
+	mov	eax, ebx
+	pop	ebx
+	pop	esi
+	pop	ebp
+	ret
+
+;this function invalidates the page directory/table entry that
+; would be used to access the memory address given in the parameter
+;extern void invlpg(dword addr);
+[global _invlpg]
+_invlpg:
+	mov	eax, [esp+4]
+	invlpg	[eax]
+	ret
+
+
+;
+;void writeCursorPosition(word pos)
+;
+[global _writeCursorPosition]
+_writeCursorPosition:
+	push	ebp
+	mov	ebp, esp
+
+	push	eax
+	push	ebx
+	push	edx
+
+	mov	eax, [ebp+8]	;cursor position in ax
+
+	mov	bl, al
+	mov	dx, 0x03D4
+	mov	al, 0x0E
+	out	dx, al
+
+	inc	dx
+	mov	al, ah
+	out	dx, al
+
+	dec	dx
+	mov	al, 0x0F
+	out	dx, al
+
+	inc	dx
+	mov	al, bl
+	out	dx, al
+
+	pop	edx
+	pop	ebx
+	pop	eax
+	pop	ebp
+
+	ret
+
+
+;
+;word getCursorPosition()
+;
+[global _getCursorPosition]
+_getCursorPosition:
+	push	ebx
+	push	edx
+
+	xor	eax, eax
+	mov	dx, 0x03D4
+	mov	al, 0x0E
+	out	dx, al
+
+	inc	dx
+	in	al, dx
+	mov	bl, al
+
+	dec	dx
+	mov	al, 0x0F
+	out	dx, al
+
+	inc	dx
+	in	al, dx
+	mov	ah, bl
+
+	pop	edx
+	pop	ebx
+
+	ret
+
+
+;
+;void console_scroll()
+;
+[global _console_scroll]
+_console_scroll:
+	pusha
+	mov	esi, _console_memory+160
+	mov	edi, _console_memory
+	mov	ecx, 960			;(2000-80)/2
+	rep	movsd
+	mov	ax, 0x0720
+	mov	ecx, 80
+	rep	stosw
+	mov	esi, _console_memory
+	mov	edi, 0xC00B8000
+	mov	ecx, 1000
+	rep	movsd
+	mov	eax, [_videoMode]
+	cmp	eax, 0
+	jz	_console_scroll_end
+	call	_video_drawConsole
+_console_scroll_end:
+	popa
+	ret
+
+
+
+;
+;void console_cls()
+;
+[global _console_cls]
+_console_cls:
+	pusha
+	mov	edi, _console_memory
+	mov	ax, 0x0720
+	mov	ecx, 2000
+	rep	stosw
+	push	dword 0
+	call	_writeCursorPosition
+	add	esp, 4
+	mov	[_cursorPosition], dword 0
+	mov	esi, _console_memory
+	mov	edi, 0xC00B8000
+	mov	ecx, 1000
+	rep	movsd
+	popa
+	ret
+
+
+
+
+;
+;int puts(char *str)
+;
+[global _puts]
+_puts:
+	push	ebp
+	mov	ebp, esp
+	push	esi
+	push	eax
+	mov	esi, [ebp+8]			;esi = to string
+puts_loop:
+	lodsb
+	cmp	al, 0
+	jz	puts_done
+	push	eax
+	call	_putc
+	add	esp, 4
+	jmp	puts_loop
+
+puts_done:
+	pop	eax
+	pop	esi
+	pop	ebp
+	ret
+
+
+
+        
+[global _putDecu]
+_putDecu:
+	push	ebp
+	mov	ebp, esp
+	sub	esp, 24
+	mov	DWORD [ebp-4], 1
+	mov	BYTE [ebp-5], 0
+L2:
+	mov	edx, DWORD [ebp+8]
+	mov	eax, -858993459
+	mul	edx
+	mov	eax, edx
+	shr	eax, 3
+	cmp	eax, DWORD [ebp-4]
+	jae	L4
+	jmp	L3
+L4:
+	mov	eax, DWORD [ebp-4]
+	mov	edx, eax
+	sal	edx, 2
+	add	edx, eax
+	lea	eax, [edx+edx]
+	mov	DWORD [ebp-4], eax
+	jmp	L2
+L3:
+	nop
+L5:
+	cmp	DWORD [ebp-4], 1
+	ja	L7
+	jmp	L6
+L7:
+	mov	edx, DWORD [ebp+8]
+	mov	eax, edx
+	mov	edx, 0
+	div	DWORD [ebp-4]
+	mov	DWORD [ebp-12], eax
+	mov	al, BYTE [ebp-12]
+	mov	BYTE [ebp-5], al
+	mov	eax, 0
+	mov	al, BYTE [ebp-5]
+	imul	eax, DWORD [ebp-4]
+	sub	DWORD [ebp+8], eax
+	mov	edx, DWORD [ebp-4]
+	mov	eax, -858993459
+	mul	edx
+	mov	eax, edx
+	shr	eax, 3
+	mov	DWORD [ebp-4], eax
+	lea	eax, [ebp-5]
+	add	BYTE [eax], 48
+	sub	esp, 12
+	mov	eax, 0
+	mov	al, BYTE [ebp-5]
+	push	eax
+	call	_putc
+	add	esp, 16
+	jmp	L5
+L6:
+	sub	esp, 12
+	mov	al, BYTE [ebp+8]
+	add	eax, 48
+	and	eax, 255
+	push	eax
+	call	_putc
+	add	esp, 16
+	leave
+	ret
+
+
+
+
+[global _putDec]
+_putDec:
+	push	ebp
+	mov	ebp, esp
+	sub	esp, 24
+	cmp	DWORD [ebp+8], 0
+	jns	L9
+	sub	esp, 12
+	push	45
+	call	_putc
+	add	esp, 16
+	neg	DWORD [ebp+8]
+L9:
+	mov	DWORD [ebp-4], 1
+	mov	BYTE [ebp-5], 0
+L10:
+	mov	eax, DWORD [ebp+8]
+	cmp	eax, DWORD [ebp-4]
+	jae	L12
+	jmp	L11
+L12:
+	mov	eax, DWORD [ebp-4]
+	mov	edx, eax
+	sal	edx, 2
+	add	edx, eax
+	lea	eax, [edx+edx]
+	mov	DWORD [ebp-4], eax
+	jmp	L10
+L11:
+	mov	edx, DWORD [ebp-4]
+	mov	eax, -858993459
+	mul	edx
+	mov	eax, edx
+	shr	eax, 3
+	mov	DWORD [ebp-4], eax
+L13:
+	cmp	DWORD [ebp-4], 1
+	ja	L15
+	jmp	L14
+L15:
+	mov	edx, DWORD [ebp+8]
+	mov	eax, edx
+	mov	edx, 0
+	div	DWORD [ebp-4]
+	mov	DWORD [ebp-12], eax
+	mov	al, BYTE [ebp-12]
+	mov	BYTE [ebp-5], al
+	mov	eax, 0
+	mov	al, BYTE [ebp-5]
+	imul	eax, DWORD [ebp-4]
+	sub	DWORD [ebp+8], eax
+	mov	edx, DWORD [ebp-4]
+	mov	eax, -858993459
+	mul	edx
+	mov	eax, edx
+	shr	eax, 3
+	mov	DWORD [ebp-4], eax
+	lea	eax, [ebp-5]
+	add	BYTE [eax], 48
+	sub	esp, 12
+	mov	eax, 0
+	mov	al, BYTE [ebp-5]
+	push	eax
+	call	_putc
+	add	esp, 16
+	jmp	L13
+L14:
+	sub	esp, 12
+	mov	al, BYTE [ebp+8]
+	add	eax, 48
+	and	eax, 255
+	push	eax
+	call	_putc
+	add	esp, 16
+	leave
+	ret
+
+

backup.bat

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+@echo off
+echo Backing up to .\Backup\%1
+
+mkdir .\Backup\%1
+
+copy *.h .\Backup\%1
+copy *.c .\Backup\%1
+copy *.inc .\Backup\%1
+copy *.asm .\Backup\%1
+copy *.ld .\Backup\%1
+copy *.bat .\Backup\%1
+

bootdef.inc

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 
-%define VERSION		"0.1.2"			;HOS version
+%define VERSION		"0.13"			;HOS version
 
 %define BOOT_FAT_SEG	0x07E0			;right after boot sector
 %define BOOT_ROOT_SEG	0x0900			;right after FAT
 %define BOOT_KERNEL_SEG	0x0AC0			;right after ROOT_DIR
 %define BOOT_STAGE2_SEG	0x0B00			;right after KERNEL_SEG
 %define BOOT_STAGE2_ADD	0xB000			;address of stage2 to jump to, org at
-%define BOOT_KERNEL_ADD	0x100000		;final pmode kernel destination - physical
+%define BOOT_KERNEL_ADD	0x106000		;final pmode kernel destination - physical
 %define BOOT_RD_ADD	0x200000		;2mb for ram disk
 
 %define BOOT_DATA_SEG	0x9000			;data gathered by stage2 loader goes here

c1.bat

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+nasmw -f aout -o ks.o -l .\lst\kernel.lst kernel.asm
+

c2.bat

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+gcc -ffreestanding -fno-builtin -nostdlib -nodefaultlibs -c kernel.c -o kernel.o

c3.bat

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+nasmw -f aout -o asmfuncs.o -l .\lst\asmfuncs.lst asmfuncs.asm

cop.bat

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+copy kernel.bin a:

cops1.bat

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+rem rawrite -f stage1.bin -d a -n
+partcopy stage1.bin 0 200 -f0

cops2.bat

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+copy stage2.bin a:

cs1.bat

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+nasmw -f bin -o stage1.bin -l .\lst\stage1.lst stage1.asm

cs2.bat

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+nasmw -f bin -o stage2.bin -l .\lst\stage2.lst stage2.asm

defines.h

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-
-typedef unsigned int dword;
-typedef unsigned short word;
-typedef unsigned char byte;
-
-
-

fat12.c

@@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
+// fat12.c
+// Author: Josh Holtrop
+// Created: 01/04/04
+// Modified: 01/14/04
+
+
+byte *fat12_readFile(char *fileName, DiskDevice *dd)
+{
+	char *fileNameUCase = malloc(strlen(fileName) + 1);
+	strcpy(fileNameUCase, fileName);
+	ucase(fileNameUCase);
+	dword iMadeClusterChain = getClusterChain(dd);
+	Fat12Entry fe;
+	if (fat12_getFileHandle(fileNameUCase, dd, &fe))
+	{
+		free(fileNameUCase);
+		if (iMadeClusterChain)
+		{
+			free(clusterChain);
+			clusterChain = 0;
+		}
+		return 0;
+	}
+	byte *fp = (byte *)fat12_readClusterChain(dd, &fe);
+	free(fileNameUCase);
+	if (iMadeClusterChain)
+	{
+		free(clusterChain);
+		clusterChain = 0;
+	}
+	return fp;
+}
+
+
+dword	fat12_getFileHandle(char *fileName, DiskDevice *dd, Fat12Entry *destination)
+{
+ 	if (strlen(fileName) < 1)
+ 		return 1;
+ 	if (fileName[strlen(fileName)-1] == '/')
+ 		return 2;
+	dword iMadeClusterChain = getClusterChain(dd);
+	int fileName_length = strlen(fileName);
+	int a;
+	int entries = 1;
+	for (a = 0; a < fileName_length; a++)
+	{
+		if (fileName[a] == '/')
+		{
+			fileName[a] = 0;
+			entries++;
+		}
+	}
+	char *pointer = fileName;
+	Fat12Entry *workingDirectory = 0;
+	Fat12Entry workingDir;
+	for (a = 0; a < (entries - 1); a++)
+	{
+		if (fat12_getDirectoryHandle(pointer, dd, workingDirectory, &workingDir))	//an error occurred if this returns nonzero
+		{
+			if (iMadeClusterChain)
+			{
+				free(clusterChain);
+				clusterChain = 0;
+			}
+			return 3;
+		}
+		workingDirectory = &workingDir;
+		for (;;)				//advance to the next dir name
+		{
+			pointer++;
+			if (*pointer == 0)
+			{
+				pointer++;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if (fat12_getFileHandleInDirectory(pointer, dd, workingDirectory, destination))		//an error occurred if this returns nonzero
+	{
+		if (iMadeClusterChain)
+		{
+			free(clusterChain);
+			clusterChain = 0;
+		}
+		return 4;
+	}
+	if (iMadeClusterChain)
+	{
+		free(clusterChain);
+		clusterChain = 0;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+dword	fat12_getFileHandleInDirectory(char *fileName, DiskDevice *dd, Fat12Entry *currDir, Fat12Entry *destination)
+{
+	if (!currDir)			// we are working in the root directory
+	{
+		Fat12Entry *rootDir = malloc(14*512);		//root directory is 14 sectors long
+		vfs_readSector(dd, 19, (byte *)rootDir, 14);
+		int a;
+		for (a = 0; a < 224; a++)			//224 max root directory entries in 14 sectors
+		{
+			if (rootDir[a].fileName[0] == 0)
+				break;
+			if ((byte)rootDir[a].fileName[0] != 0xE5)
+			{
+				if ((rootDir[a].attributes & 0x18) == 0)	//this entry is a directory
+				{
+					char dirName[9];
+					char dirExt[4];
+					memcpy(dirName, rootDir[a].fileName, 8);
+					dirName[8] = 0;
+					memcpy(dirExt, rootDir[a].ext, 3);
+					dirExt[3] = 0;
+					rtrim(dirName);
+					rtrim(dirExt);
+					char dirWhole[14];
+					strcpy(dirWhole, dirName);
+					if (strlen(dirExt) > 0)			//the directory has an extension
+					{
+						strcat(dirWhole, ".");
+						strcat(dirWhole, dirExt);
+					}
+					if (strcmp(dirWhole, fileName))	//the entry found is a match
+					{
+						free(rootDir);
+						*destination = rootDir[a];
+						return 0;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		free(rootDir);
+		return 1;	//no match found
+	}
+	dword retVal = 2;
+	dword iMadeClusterChain = getClusterChain(dd);
+	Fat12Entry *subDirectory = fat12_readClusterChain(dd, currDir);
+	if (!subDirectory)
+		return 5;
+	dword numberOfClusters = fat12_readClusterChainCount(dd, currDir);
+	int a;
+	for (a = 0; a < (numberOfClusters * 16); a++)
+	{
+		if (subDirectory[a].fileName[0] == 0)
+			break;
+		if ((byte)subDirectory[a].fileName[0] != 0xE5)
+		{
+			if ((subDirectory[a].attributes & 0x18) == 0)	//this entry is a directory
+			{
+				char dirName[9];
+				char dirExt[4];
+				memcpy(dirName, subDirectory[a].fileName, 8);
+				dirName[8] = 0;
+				memcpy(dirExt, subDirectory[a].ext, 3);
+				dirExt[3] = 0;
+				rtrim(dirName);
+				rtrim(dirExt);
+				char dirWhole[14];
+				strcpy(dirWhole, dirName);
+				if (strlen(dirExt) > 0)			//the directory has an extension
+				{
+					strcat(dirWhole, ".");
+					strcat(dirWhole, dirExt);
+				}
+				if (strcmp(dirWhole, fileName))	//the entry found is a match
+				{
+					*destination = subDirectory[a];
+					retVal = 0;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	free(subDirectory);
+	if (iMadeClusterChain)
+	{
+		free(clusterChain);
+		clusterChain = 0;
+	}
+	return retVal;
+}
+
+
+dword	fat12_getDirectoryHandle(char *directory, DiskDevice *dd, Fat12Entry *currDir, Fat12Entry *destination)
+{
+	if (!currDir)			// we are working in the root directory
+	{
+		Fat12Entry *rootDir = malloc(14*512);		//root directory is 14 sectors long
+		vfs_readSector(dd, 19, (byte *)rootDir, 14);
+		int a;
+		for (a = 0; a < 224; a++)			//224 max root directory entries in 14 sectors
+		{
+			if (rootDir[a].fileName[0] == 0)
+				break;
+			if ((byte)rootDir[a].fileName[0] != 0xE5)
+			{
+				if ((rootDir[a].attributes & 0x18) == 0x10)	//this entry is a directory
+				{
+					char dirName[9];
+					char dirExt[4];
+					memcpy(dirName, rootDir[a].fileName, 8);
+					dirName[8] = 0;
+					memcpy(dirExt, rootDir[a].ext, 3);
+					dirExt[3] = 0;
+					rtrim(dirName);
+					rtrim(dirExt);
+					char dirWhole[14];
+					strcpy(dirWhole, dirName);
+					if (strlen(dirExt) > 0)			//the directory has an extension
+					{
+						strcat(dirWhole, ".");
+						strcat(dirWhole, dirExt);
+					}
+					if (strcmp(dirWhole, directory))	//the entry found is a match
+					{
+						free(rootDir);
+						*destination = rootDir[a];
+						return 0;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		free(rootDir);
+		return 1;	//no match found
+	}
+	dword retVal = 2;
+	dword iMadeClusterChain = getClusterChain(dd);
+	Fat12Entry *subDirectory = fat12_readClusterChain(dd, currDir);
+	if (!subDirectory)
+		return 5;
+	dword numberOfClusters = fat12_readClusterChainCount(dd, currDir);
+	int a;
+	for (a = 0; a < (numberOfClusters * 16); a++)
+	{
+		if (subDirectory[a].fileName[0] == 0)
+			break;
+		if ((byte)subDirectory[a].fileName[0] != 0xE5)
+		{
+			if ((subDirectory[a].attributes & 0x18) == 0x10)	//this entry is a directory
+			{
+				char dirName[9];
+				char dirExt[4];
+				memcpy(dirName, subDirectory[a].fileName, 8);
+				dirName[8] = 0;
+				memcpy(dirExt, subDirectory[a].ext, 3);
+				dirExt[3] = 0;
+				rtrim(dirName);
+				rtrim(dirExt);
+				char dirWhole[14];
+				strcpy(dirWhole, dirName);
+				if (strlen(dirExt) > 0)			//the directory has an extension
+				{
+					strcat(dirWhole, ".");
+					strcat(dirWhole, dirExt);
+				}
+				if (strcmp(dirWhole, directory))	//the entry found is a match
+				{
+					*destination = subDirectory[a];
+					retVal = 0;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	free(subDirectory);
+	if (iMadeClusterChain)
+	{
+		free(clusterChain);
+		clusterChain = 0;
+	}
+	return retVal;
+}
+
+
+Fat12Entry *fat12_readClusterChain(DiskDevice *dd, Fat12Entry *directory)
+{
+	dword numberOfClusters = fat12_readClusterChainCount(dd, directory);
+	if (numberOfClusters == 0)
+		return 0;
+	byte *bp = malloc(numberOfClusters * 512);
+	Fat12Entry *retVal = (Fat12Entry *)bp;
+	dword cluster = directory->firstCluster;
+	while (cluster < 0xFF0)
+	{
+		vfs_readSector(dd, cluster + 31, bp, 1);
+		cluster = fat12_getNextCluster(cluster);
+		bp += 512;
+	}
+	return retVal;
+}
+
+
+dword	fat12_readClusterChainCount(DiskDevice *dd, Fat12Entry *directory)
+{
+	dword numberOfClusters = 0;
+	dword cluster = directory->firstCluster;
+	if (cluster == 0)
+		return 0;
+	while (cluster < 0xFF0)
+	{
+		cluster = fat12_getNextCluster(cluster);
+		numberOfClusters++;
+	}
+	return numberOfClusters;
+}
+
+
+dword	fat12_getNextCluster(dword thisCluster)
+{
+	dword nextCluster = *(word *)((dword)clusterChain + ((thisCluster * 3) >> 1));
+	if (thisCluster & 0x01)		//this is an odd cluster
+		return nextCluster >> 4;
+	else				//this is an even cluster
+		return nextCluster & 0x0FFF;
+}
+
+
+dword	fat12_getFileSize(char *fileName, DiskDevice *dd)
+{
+	Fat12Entry fe;
+	if (fat12_getFileHandle(fileName, dd, &fe))
+		return 0xFFFFFFFF;
+	return fe.fileSize;
+}
+
+
+dword	getClusterChain(DiskDevice *dd)
+{
+	if (!clusterChain)
+	{
+		clusterChain = malloc(9*512);	//9 sectors for File Allocation Table (cluster chain)
+		vfs_readSector(dd, 1, clusterChain, 9);	//sectors 1 through 9 contain the first FAT
+		return 1;			//this call created the cluster chain
+	}
+	else
+		return 0;			//this call did not create the cluster chain
+}
+
+
+
+
+

fat12.h

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+// fat12.h
+// Author: Josh Holtrop
+// Created: 01/04/04
+
+
+typedef struct	{
+	char	fileName[8];
+	char	ext[3];
+	byte	attributes;
+	dword	createTime;
+	word	createDate;
+	word	accessDate;
+	word	unused0;
+	word	modifiedDate;
+	word	modifiedTime;
+	word	firstCluster;
+	dword	fileSize;
+} __attribute__((packed)) Fat12Entry;
+
+typedef struct	{
+	byte	jump[3];
+	byte	sysName[8];
+	word    bytesPerSector;
+	byte	sectorsPerCluster;
+	word	reservedSectors;
+	byte	FATcount;
+	word	maxRootEntries;
+	word	totalSectors1;
+	byte	mediaDescriptor;
+	word	sectorsPerFAT;
+	word	sectorsPerTrack;
+	word	headCount;
+	dword	hiddenSectors;
+	dword	totalSectors2;
+	byte	driveNumber;
+	byte	reserved1;
+	byte	extBootSignature;
+	dword	volumeSerial;
+	char	volumeLabel[11];
+	char	fileSystemID[8];
+} __attribute__((packed)) Fat12BootSector;
+
+
+byte *fat12_readFile(char *fileName, DiskDevice *dd);
+dword	fat12_getFileHandle(char *fileName, DiskDevice *dd, Fat12Entry *destination);
+dword	fat12_getDirectoryHandle(char *directory, DiskDevice *dd, Fat12Entry *currDir, Fat12Entry *destination);
+Fat12Entry *fat12_readClusterChain(DiskDevice *dd, Fat12Entry *directory);
+dword	fat12_getFileHandleInDirectory(char *fileName, DiskDevice *dd, Fat12Entry *currDir, Fat12Entry *destination);
+dword	fat12_readClusterChainCount(DiskDevice *dd, Fat12Entry *directory);
+dword	fat12_getFileSize(char *fileName, DiskDevice *dd);
+dword	getClusterChain(DiskDevice *dd);
+dword	fat12_getNextCluster(dword thisCluster);
+
+byte	*clusterChain = 0;
+
+
+
+

fdc.c

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//fdc.c
+//Author: Josh Holtrop
+//Date: 10/30/03
+
+
+inline	void	fdc_sendDOR(byte dor)
+{
+	outportb(FDC_DOR, dor);
+}

fdc.h

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//fdc.h
+//Author: Josh Holtrop
+//Date: 10/30/03
+
+
+#define FDC_DOR 0x3f2
+#define FDC_MSR 0x3f4
+
+
+inline	void	fdc_sendDOR(byte dor);
+
+

functions.h

@@ -1,19 +1,44 @@
 //functions.h
 //05/07/03 Josh Holtrop
 //for HOS
+//Modified: 10/30/03
 
-
+extern dword _code;
+extern dword _bss;
+extern dword _end;
 
 inline void outportb(unsigned int port, unsigned char value);
 inline void outportw(unsigned int port, unsigned int value);
 inline byte inportb(unsigned short port);
-void enable_ints();
+inline void enable_ints();
-void disable_ints();
+inline void disable_ints();
 inline void restart();
+inline void halt();
 void remap_pics(int pic1, int pic2);
+inline void pic1_mask(byte mask);
+inline void pic2_mask(byte mask);
 inline void eoi();
-
+inline void eoi2();
-
+inline dword kernel_size();
+inline void init_timer();
+char *strcat(char *dest, char *src);
+void	rtrim(char *str);
+char	*ucase(char *str);
+char	*lcase(char *str);
+inline byte bcd2byte(byte bcd);
+inline byte byte2bcd(byte bite);
+byte	rtc_readDay();
+byte	rtc_readMonth();
+byte	rtc_readYear();
+byte	rtc_readSecond();
+byte	rtc_readMinute();
+byte	rtc_readHour();
+void	rtc_setDay(byte dat);
+void	rtc_setMonth(byte month);
+void	rtc_setYear(byte year);
+void	rtc_setSecond(byte second);
+void	rtc_setMinute(byte minute);
+void	rtc_setHour(byte hour);
 
 
 

gccasm.bat

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+gcc -S kernel.c -masm=intel -fno-builtin

gdt.inc

@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
-
+;gdt.inc
+;Author: Josh Holtrop
+;for HOS
+;Modified: 10/30/03
 
 gdtr:
 	dw	gdt_end-gdt-1
-	dd	GDT
+	dd	GDT_P
 gdt:
 	dd	0
 	dd	0

getflop.bat

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+partcopy -f0 0 168000 flop.img

idt.inc

@@ -1,11 +1,16 @@
+;idt.inc
+;Author: Josh Holtrop
+;for HOS
+;Modified: 10/30/03
 
 idtr:
 	dw	50*8-1		;size of idt
-	dd	IDT		;address of idt
+	dd	IDT_V		;address of idt
 
 
 %macro isr_label 1
 isr_%1:
+	push	eax
 	mov	eax, %1
 	jmp	isr_main
 %endmacro
@@ -62,6 +67,9 @@ isr_label	48
 isr_label	49
 
 isr_main:
+	cmp	eax, 0x30
+	jz	isr_syscall
+
 	pusha
 	push	ds
 	push	es
@@ -75,10 +83,27 @@ isr_main:
 	pop	es
 	pop	ds
 	popa
+	pop	eax
 
 	iret
 
-	
+
+isr_syscall:
+	pop	eax	;syscall function number
+	pusha
+	push	ds
+	push	es
+
+	push	ebx
+	call	_putc
+	add	esp, 4
+
+	pop	es
+	pop	ds
+	popa
+	iret
+
+
 
 
 

io.asm

@@ -1,530 +0,0 @@
-
-%macro jzfar 1
-	jnz	%%skip
-	jmp	%1
-%%skip:
-
-%endmacro
-
-[global _writeCursorPosition]
-[global _getCursorPosition]
-[global _putc]
-[global _puts]
-[global _printf]
-[global _console_scroll]
-[global _console_cls]
-[global _putHex]
-[global _putDec]
-[global _putDecu]
-
-
-;
-;void writeCursorPosition(word pos)
-;
-_writeCursorPosition:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-
-	push	ebx
-	push	edx
-
-	mov	eax, [ebp+8]	;cursor position in ax
-
-	mov	bl, al
-	mov	dx, 0x03D4
-	mov	al, 0x0E
-	out	dx, al
-
-	inc	dx
-	mov	al, ah
-	out	dx, al
-
-	dec	dx
-	mov	al, 0x0F
-	out	dx, al
-
-	inc	dx
-	mov	al, bl
-	out	dx, al
-
-	pop	edx
-	pop	ebx
-	pop	ebp
-
-	ret
-
-
-;
-;word getCursorPosition()
-;
-_getCursorPosition:
-	push	ebx
-	push	edx
-
-	xor	eax, eax
-	mov	dx, 0x03D4
-	mov	al, 0x0E
-	out	dx, al
-
-	inc	dx
-	in	al, dx
-	mov	bl, al
-
-	dec	dx
-	mov	al, 0x0F
-	out	dx, al
-
-	inc	dx
-	in	al, dx
-	mov	ah, bl
-
-	pop	edx
-	pop	ebx
-
-	ret
-
-
-;
-;int putc(int chr)
-;
-_putc:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-	push	ebx
-	push	ecx
-	push	edx
-
-	call	_getCursorPosition
-	mov	ebx, eax
-	mov	ecx, ebx
-
-	mov	eax, [ebp+8]			;al=character
-	cmp	al, 10				;newline
-	jz	putc_newline
-	cmp	al, 9				;tab
-	jz	putc_tab	
-
-	shl	ebx, 1
-	add	ebx, 0xb8000
-	mov	ah, 0x07
-	mov	[ebx], ax
-	mov	eax, ecx
-	inc	eax
-	cmp	eax, 2000
-	jnz	putc_writeit2
-	call	_console_scroll
-	mov	eax, 2000-80
-putc_writeit2:
-	push	eax
-	call	_writeCursorPosition
-	add	esp, 4
-	jmp	putc_done
-
-putc_newline:
-	mov	eax, ebx			;eax = cursor position
-	mov	ebx, 80
-	xor	edx, edx
-	div	bx				;ax=dx:ax/bx, dx=remainder
-	mov	bx, 80
-	sub	bx, dx
-	mov	eax, ecx
-	add	eax, ebx			;eax = new cursor position
-	cmp	eax, 2000
-	jnz	putc_newline_writeit2
-	call	_console_scroll
-	mov	eax, 2000-80			;beginning of last row
-putc_newline_writeit2:
-	push	eax
-	call	_writeCursorPosition
-	add	esp, 4
-	jmp	putc_done
-
-putc_tab:
-	mov	eax, ebx			;eax = cursor position
-	mov	ebx, 8
-	div	bl				;al=ax/bl, ah=remainder
-	xor	edx, edx
-	mov	dl, ah
-	mov	bx, 8
-	sub	bx, dx
-	mov	eax, ecx
-	add	eax, ebx			;eax = new cursor position
-	cmp	eax, 2000
-	jnz	putc_tab_writeit2
-	call	_console_scroll
-	mov	eax, 2000-80			;beginning of last row
-putc_tab_writeit2:
-	push	eax
-	call	_writeCursorPosition
-	add	esp, 4
-
-putc_done:
-	pop	edx
-	pop	ecx
-	pop	ebx
-	pop	ebp
-
-	ret
-
-
-
-;
-;void printf(char *fmt, ... )
-;
-_printf:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-	pusha
-	mov	ebx, [ebp+8]			;ebx = in format string
-	mov	esi, ebp
-	add	esi, 12				;esi = to next variable arg
-	xor	ecx, ecx			;ecx used if we encounter a '%'
-printf_loop:
-	mov	al, [ebx]
-	inc	ebx
-	cmp	al, 0
-	jzfar	printf_done
-	cmp	al, '%'
-	jzfar	printf_percent
-	cmp	ecx, 1
-	jz	printf_special
-
-	push	eax
-	call	_putc
-	add	esp, 4
-	jmp	printf_loop
-
-printf_special:
-	xor	ecx, ecx
-	cmp	al, 'd'
-	jz	printf_decimal
-	cmp	al, 'u'
-	jz	printf_decimalu
-	cmp	al, 'x'
-	jz	printf_hex
-	cmp	al, '%'
-	jz	printf_ppercent
-	cmp	al, 's'
-	jz	printf_string
-	cmp	al, 'c'
-	jz	printf_char
-	jmp	printf_special_done
-
-printf_decimal:
-	mov	eax, [esi]
-	push	eax
-	call	_putDec
-	add	esp, 4
-	jmp	printf_special_done
-
-printf_decimalu:
-	mov	eax, [esi]
-	push	eax
-	call	_putDecu
-	add	esp, 4
-	jmp	printf_special_done
-
-printf_hex:
-	mov	eax, [esi]
-	push	eax
-	call	_putHex
-	add	esp, 4
-	jmp	printf_special_done
-
-printf_ppercent:
-	push	eax
-	call	_putc
-	add	esp, 4
-	jmp	printf_special_done
-
-printf_string:
-	mov	eax, [esi]
-	push	eax
-	call	_puts
-	add	esp, 4
-	jmp	printf_special_done
-
-printf_char:
-	mov	eax, [esi]
-	push	eax
-	call	_putc
-	add	esp, 4
-	jmp	printf_special_done
-
-printf_special_done
-	add	esi, 4				;point to next extra argument
-	jmp	printf_loop
-
-printf_percent:
-	mov	ecx, 1
-	jmp	printf_loop
-
-
-printf_done:
-	popa
-	pop	ebp
-	ret
-
-
-
-;
-;void console_scroll()
-;
-_console_scroll:
-	pusha
-	mov	esi, 0xb8000+160
-	mov	edi, 0xb8000
-	mov	ecx, 960			;(2000-80)/2
-console_scroll_loop:
-	lodsd
-	stosd
-	loop	console_scroll_loop
-	mov	ax, 0x0720
-	mov	ecx, 80
-console_scroll_loop2:
-	stosw
-	loop	console_scroll_loop2
-	popa
-	ret
-
-;
-;void console_cls()
-;
-_console_cls:
-	pusha
-	mov	edi, 0xb8000
-	mov	ax, 0x0720
-	mov	ecx, 2000
-console_cls_loop:
-	stosw
-	loop	console_cls_loop
-	push	dword 0
-	call	_writeCursorPosition
-	add	esp, 4
-	popa
-	ret
-
-;
-;int putHex(dword number)
-;
-_putHex:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-	pusha
-	mov	eax, [ebp+8]			;eax = number to print
-	xor	ebx, ebx			;we have not printed a character yet
-	mov	ecx, 8				;counter for number of characters
-
-putHex_loop:
-	push	eax
-	push	ecx
-
-	dec	ecx
-	shl	ecx, 2				;edx=counter*4 (amount to shift by)
-	shr	eax, cl
-	and	eax, 0x0F
-	cmp	cl, 0
-	jz	putHex_notzero			;if number is 0
-	cmp	al, 0
-	jnz	putHex_notzero
-	cmp	bl, 0
-	jz	putHex_loop_end
-putHex_notzero:
-	mov	bl, 1
-	add	eax, '0'
-	cmp	eax, '9'
-	jbe	putHex_dontadjust
-	add	eax, 'A'-'9'-1
-putHex_dontadjust:
-	push	eax
-	call	_putc
-	add	esp, 4
-
-putHex_loop_end:
-	pop	ecx
-	pop	eax
-	loop	putHex_loop
-
-	popa
-	pop	ebp
-	ret
-
-
-;
-;int puts(char *str)
-;
-_puts:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-	push	esi
-	push	eax
-	mov	esi, [ebp+8]			;esi = to string
-puts_loop:
-	lodsb
-	cmp	al, 0
-	jz	puts_done
-	push	eax
-	call	_putc
-	add	esp, 4
-	jmp	puts_loop
-
-puts_done:
-	pop	eax
-	pop	esi
-	pop	ebp
-	ret
-
-
-
-
-
-
-_putDecu:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-	sub	esp, 24
-	mov	DWORD [ebp-4], 1
-	mov	BYTE [ebp-5], 0
-L2:
-	mov	edx, DWORD [ebp+8]
-	mov	eax, -858993459
-	mul	edx
-	mov	eax, edx
-	shr	eax, 3
-	cmp	eax, DWORD [ebp-4]
-	jae	L4
-	jmp	L3
-L4:
-	mov	eax, DWORD [ebp-4]
-	mov	edx, eax
-	sal	edx, 2
-	add	edx, eax
-	lea	eax, [edx+edx]
-	mov	DWORD [ebp-4], eax
-	jmp	L2
-L3:
-	nop
-L5:
-	cmp	DWORD [ebp-4], 1
-	ja	L7
-	jmp	L6
-L7:
-	mov	edx, DWORD [ebp+8]
-	mov	eax, edx
-	mov	edx, 0
-	div	DWORD [ebp-4]
-	mov	DWORD [ebp-12], eax
-	mov	al, BYTE [ebp-12]
-	mov	BYTE [ebp-5], al
-	mov	eax, 0
-	mov	al, BYTE [ebp-5]
-	imul	eax, DWORD [ebp-4]
-	sub	DWORD [ebp+8], eax
-	mov	edx, DWORD [ebp-4]
-	mov	eax, -858993459
-	mul	edx
-	mov	eax, edx
-	shr	eax, 3
-	mov	DWORD [ebp-4], eax
-	lea	eax, [ebp-5]
-	add	BYTE [eax], 48
-	sub	esp, 12
-	mov	eax, 0
-	mov	al, BYTE [ebp-5]
-	push	eax
-	call	_putc
-	add	esp, 16
-	jmp	L5
-L6:
-	sub	esp, 12
-	mov	al, BYTE [ebp+8]
-	add	eax, 48
-	and	eax, 255
-	push	eax
-	call	_putc
-	add	esp, 16
-	leave
-	ret
-
-
-
-
-_putDec:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-	sub	esp, 24
-	cmp	DWORD [ebp+8], 0
-	jns	L9
-	sub	esp, 12
-	push	45
-	call	_putc
-	add	esp, 16
-	neg	DWORD [ebp+8]
-L9:
-	mov	DWORD [ebp-4], 1
-	mov	BYTE [ebp-5], 0
-L10:
-	mov	eax, DWORD [ebp+8]
-	cmp	eax, DWORD [ebp-4]
-	jae	L12
-	jmp	L11
-L12:
-	mov	eax, DWORD [ebp-4]
-	mov	edx, eax
-	sal	edx, 2
-	add	edx, eax
-	lea	eax, [edx+edx]
-	mov	DWORD [ebp-4], eax
-	jmp	L10
-L11:
-	mov	edx, DWORD [ebp-4]
-	mov	eax, -858993459
-	mul	edx
-	mov	eax, edx
-	shr	eax, 3
-	mov	DWORD [ebp-4], eax
-L13:
-	cmp	DWORD [ebp-4], 1
-	ja	L15
-	jmp	L14
-L15:
-	mov	edx, DWORD [ebp+8]
-	mov	eax, edx
-	mov	edx, 0
-	div	DWORD [ebp-4]
-	mov	DWORD [ebp-12], eax
-	mov	al, BYTE [ebp-12]
-	mov	BYTE [ebp-5], al
-	mov	eax, 0
-	mov	al, BYTE [ebp-5]
-	imul	eax, DWORD [ebp-4]
-	sub	DWORD [ebp+8], eax
-	mov	edx, DWORD [ebp-4]
-	mov	eax, -858993459
-	mul	edx
-	mov	eax, edx
-	shr	eax, 3
-	mov	DWORD [ebp-4], eax
-	lea	eax, [ebp-5]
-	add	BYTE [eax], 48
-	sub	esp, 12
-	mov	eax, 0
-	mov	al, BYTE [ebp-5]
-	push	eax
-	call	_putc
-	add	esp, 16
-	jmp	L13
-L14:
-	sub	esp, 12
-	mov	al, BYTE [ebp+8]
-	add	eax, 48
-	and	eax, 255
-	push	eax
-	call	_putc
-	add	esp, 16
-	leave
-	ret
-
-
-
-

io.h

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-
-
-#ifndef __HIO_H__
-#define __HIO_H__ __HIO_H__
-
-void writeCursorPosition(word pos);
-word getCursorPosition();
-int putc(byte chr);
-int printf(char *fmt, ...);
-int puts(char *str);
-int putDec(int number);
-int putDecu(dword number);
-int putHex(dword number);
-void console_cls();
-void console_scroll();
-
-#endif
-

k_defines.h

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 //k_defines.h
 //03/17/03 Josh Holtrop
+//Modified: 10/30/03
 
 #define	PIC1		0x20
 #define	PIC2		0xA0
@@ -28,7 +29,12 @@
 #define YELLOW_TXT	0x0E
 #define BRWHITE_TXT	0x0F
 
-#define FREERAM_START	0x268000
+#define FREERAM_START	0x368000	// 0x368000 is first available byte (this is right after the initrd @ 2mb, 1440kb.
+#define MAX_RAM		0x40000000	//1gb maximum RAM supported
+
+#define PID_KERNEL	0x02		//kernel's PID
+#define PID_VMM		0x03
+#define PID_USER	0x10000		//user processes' start PID
 
 typedef	unsigned char	byte;
 typedef	unsigned short	word;

kernel.asm

@@ -1,18 +1,56 @@
+;kernel.asm
+;Author: Josh Holtrop
+;Modified: 10/30/03
 
-%include "bootdef.inc"
+%define GDT_P	0x100000;	;1mb physical - Global Descriptor Table space
-
+%define GDT_V	GDT_P+0xC0000000
-%define GDT	0x140000
+%define IDT_P	0x102000	;1mb+8kb - Interrupt Descriptor Table space
-%define IDT	0x150000
+%define IDT_V	IDT_P+0xC0000000
+%define PDBR_P	0x104000	;1mb+16kb - Page Directory Base Register (first PD)
+%define PDBR_V	PDBR_P+0xC0000000
+%define LOPT_P	0x105000	;1mb+20kb - LOw Page Table for mapping first 4mb
+%define LOPT_V	LOPT_P+0xC0000000
+%define KERNEL_P 0x106000	;1mb+24kb - the kernel's physical address
+%define KERNEL_V KERNEL_P+0xC0000000	;3gb+1mb+24kb, the virtual address of the kernel
 
 [global start]
 [extern _isr]
 [extern _k_init]
+[extern _putc]
 
 bits 32
 
+;This is where the kernel begins execution
+;At this point, the temporary gdt is set up to "map" 0xC000_0000 to 0x0.
+;We must enable paging with the first 4mb mapped 1:1 virtual:physical
+; and with the 4mb starting at 0xC000_0000 mapped to the first 4mb physical.
+;Then we can start using our "real" gdt, then unmap the lower 4mb.
 start:
-	cli				;if they weren't already off
+	cli					;if they weren't already off
-	mov	edi, GDT
+	
+	xor	eax, eax
+	mov	edi, PDBR_V
+	mov	ecx, 1024			;clear the PDBR
+	rep stosd
+	mov	[PDBR_V], dword LOPT_P|0x03		;store the physical address of the LOw Page Table (read/write, present)
+	mov	[PDBR_V+0xC00], dword LOPT_P|0x03	;store the physical address of the LOw Page Table (read/write, present)
+
+	mov	edi, LOPT_V
+	mov	ecx, 1024
+	mov	eax, 0x03			;starting physical address = 0x0 (read/write, present flags)
+fill_lopt_loop:					;fill the page table
+	stosd
+	add	eax, 4096			;increment next phsyical address by 4kb
+	loop	fill_lopt_loop
+
+	mov	eax, PDBR_P
+	mov	cr3, eax			;store the Page Directory Base Address
+	mov	eax, cr0
+	or	eax, 0x80000000			;set page enable bit
+	mov	cr0, eax			;now paging is active!
+
+
+	mov	edi, GDT_V
 	mov	esi, gdt
 	mov	ecx, gdt_end-gdt
 copy_gdt:
@@ -20,7 +58,7 @@ copy_gdt:
 	stosb
 	loop	copy_gdt
 
-	mov	edi, IDT		;destination
+	mov	edi, IDT_V		;destination
 	mov	esi, isr_0		;address of isr0
 	mov	edx, isr_1-isr_0	;distance between isr labels
 	mov	ecx, 50			;number of isrlabels
@@ -38,6 +76,7 @@ fill_idt:
 	mov	esi, ebx
 	add	esi, edx
 	loop	fill_idt
+	mov	word	[IDT_V+0x30*8+4], 0xEE00	;interrupt 0x30 has user priviledges
 
 	lgdt	[gdtr]			;load gdt
 	jmp	KERNEL_CODE:newgdtcontinue
@@ -48,15 +87,15 @@ newgdtcontinue:
 	mov	gs, ax
 	mov	fs, ax
 	mov	ss, ax
-	mov	esp, 0x1ffffc		;stack just under 2mb, moves downward
+	mov	esp, 0xc01ffffc		;stack just under 3gb+2mb, moves downward
 	lidt	[idtr]			;load idt
 
 	call	_k_init
+haltit:
 	hlt				;halt processor when k_init is done
-	jmp	$			;shouldn't get here...	
+	jmp	haltit			;shouldn't get here...
 
 %include "gdt.inc"
 %include "idt.inc"
 
 
-

kernel.c

@@ -1,91 +1,139 @@
 //kernel.c
 //08/13/03 Josh Holtrop
 //Holtrop's Operating System
+//Version: 0.12
+//Modified: 12/30/03
 
-#define VXR video_mode.XResolution
+#include "k_defines.h"		//#DEFINE's for kernel
-#define VYR video_mode.YResolution
 
-#include "k_defines.h"
 
-#include "lib/string.h"
+#include "functions.h"		//general functions
-#include "lib/io.h"
+#include "video.h"		//video functions
-
+#include "mm.h"			//physical memory management functions
-#include "functions.h"
+#include "vmm.h"		//virtual memory management & paging functions
-#include "video.h"
+#include "keyboard.h"		//generic keyboard driver & functions
-#include "mm.h"
+#include "mouse.h"		//generic ps/2 mouse driver & functions
-#include "keyboard.h"
+#include "fdc.h"		//Floppy Disk Controller functions
+#include "stdfont.h"		//Standard font bitmask array
+#include "kio.h"
+#include "vfs.h"
+#include "rd.h"
+#include "fat12.h"
 
 void isr(dword num);
 void k_init();
 
+/* These functions are defined in asmfuncs.asm */
+extern dword write_cr0(dword cr0);
+extern dword read_cr0();
+extern dword write_cr3(dword cr3);
+extern dword read_cr2();
+extern dword read_cr3();
+extern void writeCursorPosition(dword pos);
+extern dword getCursorPosition();
+extern void console_scroll();
+extern void console_cls();
+extern int puts(char *str);
+extern int putDec(int number);
+extern int putDecu(dword number);
+extern void strcpy(char *dest, char *src);
+extern void memcpy(void *dest, void *src, dword n);
+extern dword strlen(char *str);
+
+#include "fat12.c"
+#include "rd.c"
+#include "vfs.c"
+#include "kio.c"
+#include "fdc.c"
+#include "mouse.c"
 #include "keyboard.c"
 #include "mm.c"
+#include "vmm.c"
 #include "functions.c"
 #include "video.c"
 
-dword timer = 0;
+dword	timer = 0;
 
+//Main kernel initialization method
 void k_init()
 {
-	remap_pics(0x20, 0x28);
+		// ===== Initialization
-	//set timer : 2e9c = 100hz
+	fdc_sendDOR(0x0C);		//turn off floppy motor!!
-	outportb(0x43, 0x34);
-	outportb(0x40, 0x9c); //lsb
-	outportb(0x40, 0x2e); //msb
-	video_init((ModeInfoBlock *) 0x90306);
-	mm_init();
-	enable_ints();
 	console_cls();
-	printf("Memory available to OS: %d MB\n (Bytes: %d)", mm_totalmem/0x100000, mm_totalmem);
+	video_init();
+	mm_init();
+	vmm_init();
+	remap_pics(0x20, 0x28);
+	init_timer();
+	mouse_init();
+	pic1_mask(0);			//unmask IRQ's 0-7
+	pic2_mask(0);			//unmask IRQ's 8-15
+	vfs_init();
+	enable_ints();
+	kbd_resetLEDs();		//after enabling interrupts!!
+	if (videoMode)
+	{
+		int p = video_mode.XResolution*video_mode.YResolution-1;
+		for (; p >= 0; p--)
+			video_psetp(p, 0x00000044);
+		video_drawConsole();
+	}
 
-	for (;;)
+	printf("HOS 0.13 - Kernel File Size: %u kb\tData Size: %u bytes\n", kernel_size()>>10, (dword)(&_end)-(dword)(&_code));
-		printf("%c ", kbdWaitKey());
+	printf("Memory available to OS: %u MB (%u bytes)\n", mm_megabytes, mm_totalmem);
-/*	pageblock *pb = first_pageblock;
+	printf("Free memory: %u bytes (%u pages)\n", mm_freemem(), mm_freemem()>>12);
+	printf("%d/%d/%d\t%d:%d:%d\n", rtc_readMonth(), rtc_readDay(), rtc_readYear(), rtc_readHour(), rtc_readMinute(), rtc_readSecond());
+	printf("Root Directory: %s/\n", rootDevice->id);
+
+
+/*	int a;
+	byte *addr = 0;
+	for (a = 0; a < 5; a++)
+	{
+		byte *app = mm_palloc();
+		vmm_map1((dword)addr, (dword)app);
+		addr += 4096;
+	}
+
+	addr = vfs_readFile("/bin/hash.hos");
+	memcpy(0, addr, 4192);
+	asm("call 0");
+	free(addr);
+*/
+
+	dword key = 0;
 	for (;;)
 	{
-		if (pb->flags == MM_PB_NP)
+		key = kbdWaitKey();
-			break;
+		if ((key & 0xFF) > 2)	//key is not a control key
-		printf("\nBase: 0x%x; Limit: 0x%x; Flags: 0x%x, Link: 0x%x", pb->base, pb->length, pb->flags, pb->link);
+			putc(key);
-		pb = (pageblock *) pb->link;
+	}
-	}	*/
 }
 
+// main Interrupt Service Routine - handles all interrupts unless caught by kernel.asm
 void isr(dword num)
 {
 	switch(num)
 	{
-	case 0x20:
+	case 14:
+		printf("Page fault, CR2 = 0x%x\n", read_cr2());
+		halt();
+		break;
+	case 0x20:         		// IRQ0 - timer interrupt
 		timer++;
-		(*(byte *)0xb8000)++;
+		(*(byte *)(0xc00b8000))++;
-		switch(timer)
-		{
-		case 150:
-			video_rectf(VXR*3/11, 0, VXR*4/11, VYR-1, 0x00000088);
-			break;
-		case 200:
-			video_rectf(VXR*7/11, 0, VXR*8/11, VYR-1, 0x00000088);
-			break;
-		case 250:
-			video_rectf(VXR/11, 0, VXR*2/11, VYR*2/5, 0x00000088);
-			break;
-		case 300:
-			video_rectf(VXR/11, VYR*3/5, VXR*2/11, VYR-1, 0x00000088);
-			break;
-		case 350:
-			video_rectf(VXR*5/11, VYR/5, VXR*6/11, VYR*4/5, 0x00000088);
-			break;
-		case 400:
-			video_rectf(VXR*9/11, VYR/5, VXR-1, VYR*2/5, 0x00000088);
-			break;
-		case 450:
-			video_rectf(VXR*8/11, VYR*3/5, VXR*10/11, VYR*4/5, 0x00000088);
-			break;
-		}
 		eoi();
 		break;
-	case 0x21:
+	case 0x21:  			// IRQ1 - keyboard interrupt
-		printf("------------------KEYBOARD ISR--------------------------\n");
+		isr_keyboard();    	//isr_keybard() takes care of calling eoi()
-		isr_keyboard();
+		break;
+	case 0x2C:			// IRQ12 - PS/2 mouse
+		isr_mouse();
+		eoi2();
+		break;
+	default:
+		printf("Interrupt %d (0x%x) Unhandled!!\n", num, num);
+		halt();
 		break;
 	}
 }

keyboard.c

@@ -1,53 +1,55 @@
 //Keyboard.c
 // Created: 04/17/03 Josh Holtrop
-// Modified: 09/09/03
+// Modified: 10/30/03
 //for HOS
 
 #define KBD_BUFFER_LENGTH 64
 
-byte kbdFlags = 0;
+byte kbdFlags = 0;		//holds current keyboard flags - caps/num/scroll/shift/ctrl/alt
-byte kbdAscii = 0;
+byte kbdAscii = 0;		//holds ASCII value of a key pressed
-byte kbdScan = 0;
+byte kbdScan = 0;		//holds the keyboard scan code of a key pressed
 
-dword kbdBuffer[KBD_BUFFER_LENGTH];
+dword kbdBuffer[KBD_BUFFER_LENGTH];	//a buffer for all keypresses
-byte kbdBufferStart = 0;
+int kbdBufferStart = 0;			//position of next key in buffer
-byte kbdBufferLen = 0;
+int kbdBufferLen = 0;			//number of keys left in the buffer
-byte kbdExt = 0;
+byte kbdExt = 0;			//# of extended key codes left to input
-byte kbdExt2 = 0;
+byte kbdExt2 = 0;                       //# of 2nd-set-extended key codes left to input
 byte ackReason = 0;		//used to record the reason why we would get an acknowledge byte (0xFA)
 
 
+//these arrays convert a keyboard scan code to an ASCII character value
                                    //nul esc            bksp tab              lctl            lsft            rsft lalt caps F1  F2  F3  F4  F5  F6  F7  F8  F9  F10 numScrlNumPad-------                                  unknown---- F11 F12 unknown....
 const byte SCAN2ASCII[128]      = "\000\0331234567890-=\010\011qwertyuiop[]\n\001asdfghjkl;'`\001\\zxcvbnm,./\001*\001 \001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001-\001\001\001+\001\001\001\001\001\002\002\002\001\001\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002";
 const byte SCAN2ASCIISHIFT[128] = "\000\033!@#$%^&*()_+\010\011QWERTYUIOP{}\n\001ASDFGHJKL:\"~\001|ZXCVBNM<>?\001*\001 \001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001789-456+1230.\002\002\002\001\001\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002";
 
 //====FUNCTIONS:
-
+// The Keyboard Interrupt Service Routine
 void isr_keyboard()
 {
 	kbdScan = inportb(0x60);
+	//printf("\nKEYBOARD INTERRUPT: 0x%x", kbdScan);
 	byte inState = inportb(0x61);
 	outportb(0x61, inState|0x80);
 	outportb(0x61, inState);
 	
-	printf("IRQ 1: %x\n", kbdScan);
+	//printf("IRQ 1: %x\n", kbdScan);
 
 	if (kbdScan == 0xFA)	//250					//ACKnowledge
 	{
+		//printf("KBD_ACK 0x%x!\n", ackReason);
 		if (ackReason == 0xED)					//reset LEDs
 		{
-			outportb(0x64, (kbdFlags & 0x07));
+			outportb(0x60, (kbdFlags & 0x07));
-			printf("KBD_ACK!");
 		}
 		ackReason = 0;
 	}
-	if (kbdScan == 224)							//extended key
+	if (kbdScan == 224)						//extended key
 	{
 		kbdExt = 1;
 		eoi();
 		return;
 	}
-	if (kbdScan == 225)
+	if (kbdScan == 225)						//2nd-set-extended key
 	{
 		kbdExt2 = 2;
 		eoi();
@@ -56,7 +58,7 @@ void isr_keyboard()
 
 //====handle control keys::
 	kbdAscii = 2;
-	switch (kbdScan)							//control keys
+	switch (kbdScan)						//control keys
 	{
 		case KBD_SCAN_LSHIFT:
 			kbdFlags |= KBD_SHIFT;
@@ -95,17 +97,17 @@ void isr_keyboard()
 		case KBD_SCAN_CAPS+KBD_SCAN_RELEASED:
 			kbdFlags ^= KBD_CAPS;
 			kbdAscii = 1;
-			kbd_resetLEDs();			//update LEDs
+			kbd_resetLEDs();				//update LEDs
 			break;
 		case KBD_SCAN_SCROLL+KBD_SCAN_RELEASED:
 			kbdFlags ^= KBD_SCROLL;
 			kbdAscii = 1;
-			kbd_resetLEDs();			//update LEDs
+			kbd_resetLEDs();				//update LEDs
 			break;
 		case KBD_SCAN_NUM+KBD_SCAN_RELEASED:
 			kbdFlags ^= KBD_NUM;
 			kbdAscii = 1;
-			kbd_resetLEDs();			//update LEDs
+			kbd_resetLEDs();				//update LEDs
 			break;
 	}
 	if (kbdAscii == 1)
@@ -169,7 +171,8 @@ void isr_keyboard()
 	}
 
 //====do something with key::
-	if ((kbdScan == 83) & ((kbdFlags & KBD_CTRL) != 0) & ((kbdFlags & KBD_ALT) != 0))
+//	printf("kbdScan == %d\nkbdAscii == %d\nkbdFlags == %d\n", kbdScan, kbdAscii, kbdFlags);
+	if ((kbdScan == 83) && (kbdFlags & KBD_CTRL) && (kbdFlags & KBD_ALT))
 	{
 		printf("Initiating reboot.");
 		restart();
@@ -188,57 +191,59 @@ void isr_keyboard()
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			kbdBuffer[(kbdBufferStart+kbdBufferLen)%KBD_BUFFER_LENGTH] = (dword) ((kbdFlags << 16) | (kbdScan << 8) | kbdAscii);
+			kbdBuffer[(kbdBufferStart+kbdBufferLen++)%KBD_BUFFER_LENGTH] = (dword) ((kbdFlags << 16) | (kbdScan << 8) | kbdAscii);
-			kbdBufferLen++;
+//			printf("S:%d\tL:%d\tR:%x\n", kbdBufferStart, kbdBufferLen, kbdBuffer[kbdBufferStart]);
 		}
 	}
 
 	eoi();
 
-//	if (key == 0xFA)							//ACKnowledge
+}
-//		outportb(0x60, 0x3);
-};
 
-inline byte switchCase(byte asciiCode)
+//Switches the case of an ASCII character
+/*inline byte (byte asciiCode)
 {
 	if ((asciiCode >= 'A') & (asciiCode <= 'Z'))
 		return (asciiCode + ('a' - 'A'));
 	if ((asciiCode >= 'a') & (asciiCode <= 'z'))
 		return (asciiCode - ('a' - 'A'));
 	return asciiCode;
-}
+}*/
 
+//Gets a key from the buffer, returns 0 if no keys available, returns immediately
 dword kbdGetKey()
 {
 	if (kbdBufferLen == 0)					//buffer empty
 		return 0;
 	dword retVal = kbdBuffer[kbdBufferStart];
-	printf("S:%d\tE:%d\tR:%x\n", kbdBufferStart, kbdBufferLen, retVal);
 	kbdBufferStart++;
 	kbdBufferLen--;
-	if (kbdBufferStart == KBD_BUFFER_LENGTH)
+	if (kbdBufferStart >= KBD_BUFFER_LENGTH)
 		kbdBufferStart = 0;
 	return retVal;
 }
 
+//Gets a key from the buffer, if no keys available, waits for one to be entered
 dword kbdWaitKey()
 {
-	dword retVal = 0;
 	for (;;)
 	{
-		retVal = kbdGetKey();
+		if (kbdBufferLen != 0)					//buffer empty
-		if (retVal != 0)
+			break;
-		{
+	}		
-			printf("S:%d\tE:%d\tR:%x\n", kbdBufferStart, kbdBufferLen, retVal);
+	dword retVal = kbdBuffer[kbdBufferStart];
-			return retVal;
+	kbdBufferStart++;
-		}
+	kbdBufferLen--;
-	}
+	if (kbdBufferStart >= KBD_BUFFER_LENGTH)
+		kbdBufferStart = 0;
+	return retVal;
 }
 
+//Resets the keyboard LEDs to reflect the current state of the num lock, caps lock, and scroll lock bits
 inline void kbd_resetLEDs()
 {
-	outportb(0x64, 0xED);
+	outportb(0x60, 0xED);
-	//outportb(0x64, (kbdFlags & 0x07));
+	//outportb(0x60, (kbdFlags & 0x07));
 	ackReason = 0xED;
 }
 

kio.c

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+
+//kio.c
+// Author: Josh Holtrop
+// Created: 12/25/03
+// Modified: 12/25/03
+
+
+// This is the main output routine, it uses a format string and a variable
+//  number of arguments to print formatted text
+void	printf(char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	dword *params = ((dword *)(&fmt)) + 1;		//points to the first paramater
+	int i;
+	int special = 0;
+	for (i = 0; ; i++)
+	{
+		if (special)
+		{
+			special = 0;
+			switch (fmt[i])
+			{
+			case 0:
+				return;
+			case '%':
+				putc('%');
+				break;
+			case 's': case 'S':
+				puts((char *)*params);
+				params++;
+				break;
+			case 'c': case 'C':
+				putc(*params);
+				params++;
+				break;
+			case 'd': case 'D':
+				putDec(*params);
+				params++;
+				break;
+			case 'u': case 'U':
+				putDecu(*params);
+				params++;
+				break;
+			case 'x': case 'X':
+				putHex(*params);
+				params++;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			switch (fmt[i])
+			{
+			case '%':
+				special = 1;
+				break;
+			case 0:
+				return;
+			default:
+				putc(fmt[i]);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+// This function draws a single character
+void	putc(dword chr)
+{
+ 	char charac = (char)chr;
+	word *vidmem = (word *)0xC00B8000;
+	if (charac == '\n')
+	{
+		if (cursorPosition % 80)
+			cursorPosition = cursorPosition + 80 - (cursorPosition % 80);
+		else
+			cursorPosition += 80;
+	}
+	else if (charac == '\t')
+	{
+		if (cursorPosition % 8)
+			cursorPosition = cursorPosition + 8 - (cursorPosition % 8);
+		else
+			cursorPosition += 8;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		if (videoMode)
+		{
+			console_memory[cursorPosition] = charac | 0x0700;
+			video_drawConsoleChar(cursorPosition);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			console_memory[cursorPosition] = charac | 0x0700;
+			vidmem[cursorPosition] = charac | 0x0700;
+		}
+		cursorPosition++;
+	}
+	if (cursorPosition >= 2000)
+	{
+		console_scroll();
+		cursorPosition = 2000-80;
+		if (videoMode)
+			video_drawConsole();
+	}
+	if (!videoMode)
+		writeCursorPosition(cursorPosition);
+}
+
+
+// This function displays a number in hexadecimal
+int putHex(dword number)
+{
+	int hitNum = 0;
+	int i;
+	for (i = 7; i >= 0; i--)
+	{
+		dword val = (number >> (i*4)) & 0xF;
+		if ((val != 0) || (i == 0))
+			hitNum = 1;
+		if (hitNum)
+		{
+			val = val + '0';
+			if (val > '9')
+				val = val + ('A' - '9' - 1);
+			putc(val);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+

kio.h

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//kio.h
+// Author: Josh Holtrop
+// Created: 12/25/03
+// Modified: 12/25/03
+
+
+
+void	printf(char *fmt, ...);
+void	putc(dword chr);
+int	putHex(dword number);
+
+
+dword	cursorPosition = 0;		//Caches the current cursor position
+
+

link.bat

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ld -nodefaultlibs -nostdlib -T link.ld -o kernel.bin -Map .\lst\LDout.doc ks.o kernel.o asmfuncs.o

link.ld

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ OUTPUT_FORMAT("binary")
 ENTRY(start)
 SECTIONS
 {
-  .text  0x100000 : {
+  .text  0xC0106000 : {
     code = .; _code = .; __code = .;
     *(.text)
     . = ALIGN(4096);

mm.c

@@ -1,233 +1,112 @@
 // mm.c
-// 09/01/03 Josh Holtrop
+// Author: Josh Holtrop
+// Created: 09/01/03
+// Modified: 12/28/03
 
-// 0x368000 is first available byte (this is right after the kernel @ 1mb and the initrd @ 2mb, 1440kb.
+//The total amount of physical memory available (bytes)
-
+#define BITMAP_SIZE	0x20000
-
+dword	mm_totalmem = 0;
-pageblock *first_pageblock = (pageblock *) 0;
+dword	mm_megabytes;
-dword	mm_totalmem = 0x100000;				//assume 1mb
+byte	page_bitmap[BITMAP_SIZE];		//used to store a bit for each page that is used, 0 if available
+					//0x20000*(8 bits/byte)=0x100000 pages in 4gb total
 
+//This function initializes the memory manager's linked list, filling it with the
+// memory areas returned by bios interrupt 0x8E20
 void	mm_init()
 {
-	dword	*memmap_entries = (dword *) 0x9040A;
+	dword	memmap_entries = *(dword *)0xC009040A;
-	memmap_entry	*maps = (memmap_entry *) 0x92000;
+	memmap_entry	*maps = (memmap_entry *) 0xC0092000;
 	dword a;
-	for (a=0;a<(*memmap_entries);a++)
+ 	for (a = 0; a < BITMAP_SIZE; a++)
+ 	{
+ 		page_bitmap[a] = 0xFF;	//all pages used
+ 	}
+	for (a = 0; a < memmap_entries; a++)
 	{
 		if (maps[a].attributes == 1)		// (1) mem free to OS
 		{
 			mm_totalmem += maps[a].limit.lowdword;
-			if  ((maps[a].base.lowdword + maps[a].limit.lowdword) > (FREERAM_START+8192))	//goes past where we start freeram
+			if  ((maps[a].base.lowdword + maps[a].limit.lowdword) >= (FREERAM_START+4096))	//goes past where we start freeram
 			{
 				if (maps[a].base.lowdword < FREERAM_START)
 				{
-					maps[a].limit.lowdword = maps[a].limit.lowdword - (FREERAM_START - maps[a].base.lowdword);
+					mm_pfreen(FREERAM_START, (maps[a].limit.lowdword - (FREERAM_START - maps[a].base.lowdword)) >> 12);
-					maps[a].base.lowdword = FREERAM_START;	//block at least 4kb, starts >= FREERAM_START
 				}
-				if (first_pageblock == 0)	//no pageblock page set up yet, so set it up here
+				else
 				{
-					first_pageblock = (pageblock *) maps[a].base.lowdword        ;
+					mm_pfreen(maps[a].base.lowdword, maps[a].limit.lowdword >> 12);	//set the appropriate bits as "free" in the page bitmap
-					maps[a].base.lowdword += 4096;
-					maps[a].limit.lowdword -= 4096;
-					mm_init_pageblockpage(first_pageblock);
-					first_pageblock->base = maps[a].base.lowdword;
-					first_pageblock->length = maps[a].limit.lowdword / 4096;
-					first_pageblock->flags = MM_PB_AVAIL;
-				}
-				else				//first_pageblock already set up, add on segment
-				{
-					pageblock *pb = first_pageblock;
-					for (;;)
-					{
-						if (pb->flags == MM_PB_NP)
-							break;
-						else
-							pb++;
-					}
-					pb->base = maps[a].base.lowdword;
-					pb->length = maps[a].limit.lowdword / 4096;
-					pb->flags = MM_PB_AVAIL;
 				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	if (first_pageblock == 0)
+	if (mm_totalmem % 0x100000)
+		mm_megabytes = (mm_totalmem >> 20) + 1;
+	else
+		mm_megabytes = mm_totalmem >> 20;
+}
+
+
+// This function frees a certain number of pages starting at the address
+//  specified in base for a length of pages pages
+void	mm_pfreen(dword base, dword pages)
+{
+	dword a;
+	dword max = base + (pages << 12);
+	for (a = base; a < max; a += 4096)
 	{
-		printf("ERROR! NO INITIAL PAGE BLOCK COULD BE CREATED.");
+		mm_pfree(a);
-		asm("cli");
-		asm("hlt");
 	}
 }
 
 
-
+// This function frees a single page
-
+void	mm_pfree(dword base)
-void	mm_init_pageblockpage(pageblock *pbp)
 {
-	pageblock *pb = pbp;
+//	dword pageNumber = base >> 12;	// >>12 == /4096
-	int a;
+	dword byteNumber = base >> 15;	//pageNumber >> 3;	//pageNumber/8
-	for (a=0; a<512; a++)
+	dword bitNumber = (base >> 12) % 8; //pageNumber % 8;
-	{
+	page_bitmap[byteNumber] = page_bitmap[byteNumber] & ((0x01 << bitNumber) ^ 0xFF);
-		pb->base = 0;
-		pb->length = 0;
-		pb->flags = MM_PB_NP;
-		if (a<511)
-			pb->link = (dword)pb + sizeof(pageblock);
-		else
-			pb->link = 0;
-		pb++;
-	}
 }
 
 
-void   *mm_palloc(dword numpages)
+// This function allocates a single page, returning its physical address
+void	*mm_palloc()
 {
-	pageblock *pb = first_pageblock;
+	dword bite;
-	dword freeentries = mm_freeentries();
+	for (bite = 0; bite < BITMAP_SIZE; bite++)
-	if (freeentries < 2)
 	{
-		if(mm_new_pageblock_page() == 0)
+		if (page_bitmap[bite] != 0xFF)	//there is an available page within this 8-page region
-			return 0;
-	}
-	pageblock *newentry = mm_nextpageblockentry();
-	for (;;)
-	{
-		if ((pb->flags == MM_PB_AVAIL) && (pb->length >= numpages))
-			break;
-		if (pb->link == 0)
-			return 0;
-		pb = (pageblock *)pb->link;
-	}
-	if (pb->length == numpages)		//dont need a new entry, just mark this one as used :)
-	{
-		pb->flags = MM_PB_USED;
-		return pb;
-	}
-	else					//subtract out allocated number of pages from length
-	{
-		newentry->base = pb->base;
-		newentry->length = numpages;
-		newentry->flags = MM_PB_USED;
-		pb->base += (numpages * 4096);
-		pb->length -= numpages;
-		return (void *)newentry->base;
-	}
-}
-
-
-dword	mm_freeentries()
-{
-	pageblock *pb = first_pageblock;
-	dword counter = 0;
-	for (;;)
-	{
-		if (pb->flags == MM_PB_NP)
-			counter++;
-		if (pb->link == 0)
-			return counter;
-		pb = (pageblock *) pb->link;
-	}
-}
-
-
-pageblock *mm_new_pageblock_page()
-{
-	pageblock *pb = first_pageblock;
-	for (;;)
-	{
-		if ((pb->flags == MM_PB_AVAIL) && (pb->length > 1))
 		{
-			pageblock *retval = (pageblock *)pb->base;
+			int bit;
-			pb->base += 4096;
+			for (bit = 0; bit < 8; bit++)
-			pb->length--;
-			mm_init_pageblockpage(retval);			//zeros out, links new pageblock page
-			mm_lastpageblockentry()->link = (dword)retval;	//set up link to new pageblock page
-			return retval;
-		}
-		pb = (pageblock *) pb->link;
-		if (pb == 0)
-			return 0;
-	}
-}
-
-
-int	mm_pfree(void *ptr)
-{
-	pageblock *pb = first_pageblock;
-	dword tofree = (dword) ptr;
-	for (;;)
-	{
-		if ((pb->base == tofree) && (pb->flags == MM_PB_USED))
-		{
-			pb->flags = MM_PB_AVAIL;		//found block, mark available / coalesce it
-			pageblock *pbc = first_pageblock;
-			for (;;)
 			{
-			    	if (pbc->flags == MM_PB_AVAIL)
+				if (!(page_bitmap[bite] & (1 << bit)))	//this bite/bit combination is available
-			    	{
+				{
-			    		if ((pbc->base + (pbc->length * 4096)) == pb->base)	//pbc ends where pb starts
+					page_bitmap[bite] = page_bitmap[bite] | (1 << bit);	//set page as used
-					{
+					return (void *)((bite << 15) | (bit << 12));
-						pbc->length += pb->length;	//extend pbc's length by pb's length
+				}
-						pb->flags = MM_PB_NP;		//mark pb as an unused entry
-						return 0;
-					}
-					if ((pb->base + (pb->length * 4096)) == pbc->base)	//pb ends where pb starts
-					{
-						pb->length += pbc->length;
-						pbc->flags = MM_PB_NP;
-						return 0;
-					}
-				 }
-				if (pbc->link == 0)			//no entry found to consolidate...
-					return 0;
-				pbc = (pageblock *) pbc->link;		//next entry to test
 			}
 		}
-		if (pb->link == 0)
-			return 1;
-		pb = (pageblock *) pb->link;
 	}
+	return 0;	//no free page
 }
 
 
-pageblock *mm_lastpageblockentry()
+// This function reports the number of bytes of free physical memory
+dword	mm_freemem()
 {
-	pageblock *pb = first_pageblock;
+	dword a;
-	for (;;)
+	dword pages = 0;
+	for (a = 0; a < BITMAP_SIZE; a++)
 	{
-		if (pb->link == 0)
+		int bit;
-			return pb;
+		for (bit = 0; bit < 8; bit++)
-		pb = (pageblock *)pb->link;
+		{
-	}
+			if (!(page_bitmap[a] & (1 << bit)))
-}
+				pages++;
-
+		}
-
-pageblock *mm_nextpageblockentry()
-{
-	pageblock *pb = first_pageblock;
-	for (;;)
-	{
-		if (pb->flags == MM_PB_NP)
-			return pb;
-		if (pb->link == 0)
-			return 0;
-		pb = (pageblock *)pb->link;
-	}
-}
-
-
-dword mm_freemem()
-{
-	dword amount = 0;
-	pageblock *pb = first_pageblock;
-	for (;;)
-	{
-		if (pb->flags == MM_PB_AVAIL)
-			amount += (pb->length)*4096;
-		if (pb->link == 0)
-			return amount;
-		pb = (pageblock *) pb->link;
 	}
+	return pages << 12;
 }
 
 

mm.h

@@ -7,29 +7,14 @@ typedef struct {
 } __attribute__((packed)) memmap_entry;
 
 
-typedef struct {
-	dword	base;
-	dword	length;		//in pages
-	dword	flags;
-	dword	link;
-} __attribute__ ((packed)) pageblock;		//16 byte pageblock entry - 512 entries = 1 page
-
 
 void	mm_init();
-void	mm_init_pageblockpage(pageblock *pbp);
+void	mm_pfreen(dword base, dword pages);
-void   *mm_palloc(dword numpages);
+void	mm_pfree(dword base);
-int	mm_pfree(void *ptr);
+void	*mm_palloc();
-dword	mm_freeentries();
+dword	mm_freemem();
-pageblock *mm_new_pageblock_page();
+
-pageblock *mm_lastpageblockentry();
+
-pageblock *mm_nextpageblockentry();
-dword mm_freemem();
-
-
-#define MM_PB_FLAGMASK 0x03	//00000011
-#define MM_PB_NP 0x00		//00000000
-#define MM_PB_AVAIL 0x01	//00000001
-#define MM_PB_USED 0x02		//00000010
 
 
 

mouse.c

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// mouse.c
+// 10/03/03
+// Author: Josh Holtrop
+
+
+//This method initializes the ps/2 mouse
+void mouse_init()
+{
+	outportb(0x64, 0x20);		//tell keyboard controller we are going to read keyboard controller command byte
+	byte temp = inportb(0x60);	//read keyboard controller command byte
+	outportb(0x64, 0x60);		//tell keyboard controller we are going to write keyboard controller command byte
+	outportb(0x60, 0x03 | (temp&0x40));	//write keyboard controller command byte: enable mouse/keyboard ints, include original XLATE bit from temp (bit6)
+
+ 	outportb(0x64, 0xA8);	//enable mouse port
+
+	outportb(0x64, 0xD4);	//send command to mouse, not kbd
+	outportb(0x60, 0xF4);	//enable data reporting
+	
+	mouse_x = video_mode.XResolution >> 1;
+	mouse_y = video_mode.YResolution >> 1;
+
+	//outportb(0x64, 0xD4);
+	//outportb(0x60, 0xE7);	//scaling 2:1
+}
+
+
+//This method is called when a mouse interrupt occurs
+void isr_mouse()
+{
+	byte inb = inportb(0x60);	//read mouse byte
+	if ((inb == 0xFA) && (mouse_bytesRead < 1))		//ACK
+		return;
+	mouse_inbuffer[mouse_bytesRead] = inb;
+	mouse_bytesRead++;
+	if (mouse_bytesRead == 3)	//complete packet received
+	{
+		mouse_bytesRead = 0;
+		int adjx = (char) mouse_inbuffer[1];
+		int adjy = (char) mouse_inbuffer[2];
+		mouse_x += adjx;
+		mouse_y -= adjy;						//-= because screen y coordinates are opposite mouse y coordinates
+		if (mouse_x < 0)
+			mouse_x = 0;
+		if (mouse_x >= video_mode.XResolution)
+			mouse_x = video_mode.XResolution - 1;
+		if (mouse_y < 0)
+			mouse_y = 0;
+		if (mouse_y >= video_mode.YResolution)
+			mouse_y = video_mode.YResolution - 1;
+		if (mouse_inbuffer[0] & 0x01)	//left button
+			video_pset(mouse_x, mouse_y, 0x00FF8800);
+		else
+			video_pset(mouse_x, mouse_y, 0x00FFFFFF);
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+

mouse.h

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// mouse.h
+// 10/03/03
+// Author: Josh Holtrop
+
+
+int mouse_x;
+int mouse_y;
+int mouse_bytesRead = 0;
+byte mouse_inbuffer[16];
+
+void mouse_init();
+void isr_mouse();
+
+
+
+
+

rd.c

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// rd.c
+// Author: Josh Holtrop
+// Created: 12/31/03
+// Modified: 01/04/04
+
+
+byte	*rd_readSector(DiskDevice *rd, dword sector, byte *dest)
+{
+	memcpy(dest, (void *)(rd->location + (sector * 512)), 512);
+	return dest;
+}
+
+
+

rd.h

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// rd.h
+// Author: Josh Holtrop
+// Created: 12/31/03
+// Modified: 01/04/04
+
+
+byte	*rd_readSector(DiskDevice *rd, dword sector, byte *dest);
+
+

stage1.asm

@@ -28,12 +28,12 @@ brDrive		DB      0               ; 0024h - Physical drive no.
 		DB      0               ; 0025h - Reserved (FAT32)
 		DB      29H             ; 0026h - Extended boot record sig (FAT32)
 brSerialNum     DD      404418EAH       ; 0027h - Volume serial number
-brLabel         DB      'HOS 0.1.1  '   ; 002Bh - Volume label
+brLabel         DB      'Holtrops OS'   ; 002Bh - Volume label
 brFSID          DB      'FAT12   '      ; 0036h - File System ID
 ;------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 start:
-	jmp	0:jmphere		;ensure that cs=0 and ip=0x7c...
+	jmp	0:jmphere		;ensure that cs=0 and ip=0x7c00...
 jmphere:
 	;dl=drive number, save it!
 	xor	ax, ax
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ unreal:
 	pop	es		;segments back, with 4gb limits!
 	sti
 
-;now lets read in the FAT and root directory so we can search for the kernel file...
+;now lets read in the FAT and root directory so we can search for the stage2 file...
 	mov	ax, 0x0209		;FAT1
 	mov	cx, 0x0002
 	xor	dh, dh

stage2.asm

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ loop_name:
 	jmp	found_file		;good file, ds:si points to start of root directory entry
 goon:
 	pop	si
+	add	si, 32
 	pop	cx
 	loop	loop_compare
 
@@ -147,29 +148,43 @@ got_rd:
 	mov	[ds:BOOT_HASRD], al
 	pop	ds				;ds=0
 	cmp	al, 0				;dont load rd
-	jz	no_rd
+	jnz	yes_rd
-
+	jmp	no_rd
+yes_rd:
 	mov	cx, 80
 	mov	edi, 0xb8000+160*4
-filler_loop:
+filler_loop:                                    ;draw a red bar
 	mov	word [ds:edi], 0x0400+177
 	inc	edi
 	inc	edi
 	loop	filler_loop
+
 	mov	cx, 80				;80 cylinders to read
-	xor	si, si
+	xor	si, si                          ;start at cylinder 0
 	mov	edi, BOOT_RD_ADD		;ram disk address
 read_cylinder:
 	push	cx
-	mov	bx, 0x0100
+	
+	mov	bx, 0x0100			;read sectors from head 0
 	mov	es, bx
-	xor	bx, bx
+	xor	bx, bx                          ;es:bx = data buffer for read
-	mov	ax, 0x0224
+	mov	ax, 0x0212			;ah = int 0x13 function 2, al = number of sectors to read
-	mov	cx, si
+	mov	cx, si                          ;what cyl. we are on is now in cx
-	mov	ch, cl
+	mov	ch, cl				;ch = cyl. number
-	mov	cl, 1
+	mov	cl, 1                           ;cl = sector number 1-63
-	xor	dx, dx
+	xor	dx, dx				;dh = head number
-	mov	dl, [gs:BOOT_DRIVE]
+	mov	dl, [gs:BOOT_DRIVE]             ;dl = drive number
+	int	0x13
+
+	mov	bx, 0x0100			;now read sectors from head 1
+	mov	es, bx
+	mov	bx, 9216                        ;es:bx = data buffer for read
+	mov	ax, 0x0212			;ah = int 0x13 function 2, al = number of sectors to read
+	mov	cx, si                          ;what cyl. we are on is now in cx
+	mov	ch, cl				;ch = cyl. number
+	mov	cl, 1                           ;cl = sector number 1-63
+	mov	dh, 1				;dh = head number
+	mov	dl, [gs:BOOT_DRIVE]             ;dl = drive number
 	int	0x13
 
 	mov	ebx, 0xb8000
@@ -836,7 +851,7 @@ puthex2_goon2:
 	ret
 
 ;------------------------------------------------------
-txt_welcome: db	"                             Welcome to HOS v", VERSION, "!                             ", 0
+txt_welcome: db	"                             Welcome to HOS v", VERSION, "!                              ", 0
 txt_rd1: db	"1. Do not load an initial ram disk", 0
 txt_rd2: db	"2. Load initial ram disk from floppy", 0
 txt_input: db	"Enter your selection: ", 0
@@ -889,11 +904,43 @@ KERNEL_DATA equ $-gdt
 	db	0x00
 	db	0x00
 	db	0x92
-	db	0xcf		;cf
+	db	0xcf
 	db	0x00
 
 gdt_end:
 
+
+;-------------------------------------------------------
+gdtr32:
+	dw	gdt_end32-gdt32-1
+	dd	gdt32
+gdt32:
+	dd	0
+	dd	0
+
+	;a base of 0x4000_0000, when added to 0xC000_0000 will produce 0x0000_0000 physical before paging in effect
+KERNEL_CODE32 equ $-gdt32
+	db	0xff		;limit	7:0
+	db	0xff		;limit	15:8
+	db	0x00		;base	7:0
+	db	0x00		;base	15:8
+	db	0x00		;base	23:16
+	db	0x9a		;access
+	db	0xcf		;flags / limit 19:16
+	db	0x40		;base	31:24
+
+KERNEL_DATA32 equ $-gdt32
+	db	0xff		;segment 16 = 4gb data
+	db	0xff
+	db	0x00
+	db	0x00
+	db	0x00
+	db	0x92
+	db	0xcf
+	db	0x40
+
+gdt_end32:
+
 ;------------------------------------------------------
 go_pm:
 	xor	ax, ax
@@ -908,12 +955,16 @@ go_pm:
 
 bits 32
 pmode:
-	mov	ax, KERNEL_DATA
+	lgdt	[gdtr32]
+	jmp	KERNEL_CODE32:pmode_offsetted+0xC0000000
+
+pmode_offsetted:
+	mov	ax, KERNEL_DATA32
 	mov	es, ax
 	mov	ds, ax
 	mov	fs, ax
 	mov	gs, ax
-	jmp	KERNEL_CODE:BOOT_KERNEL_ADD
+	jmp	KERNEL_CODE:BOOT_KERNEL_ADD+0xC0000000
 
 kernel:	db	"KERNEL  BIN", 0
 

stdfont.h

@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+const byte stdfont[] = {
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x80, 0xC0, 0xE0, 0xF0, 0xE0, 0xC0, 0x80, 
+	0x00, 0x08, 0x18, 0x38, 0x78, 0x38, 0x18, 0x08, 
+	0x00, 0x20, 0x70, 0xA8, 0x20, 0xA8, 0x70, 0x20, 
+	0x00, 0xA0, 0xA0, 0xA0, 0xA0, 0x00, 0xA0, 0xA0, 
+	0x00, 0x78, 0xA8, 0xA8, 0x78, 0x28, 0x28, 0x68, 
+	0x00, 0x78, 0x80, 0x70, 0x88, 0x70, 0x08, 0xF0, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF8, 0xF8, 
+	0x00, 0x20, 0x70, 0xA8, 0x20, 0xA8, 0x70, 0xF8, 
+	0x00, 0x20, 0x70, 0xA8, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 
+	0x00, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0xA8, 0x70, 0x20, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x10, 0xF8, 0x10, 0x20, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x40, 0xF8, 0x40, 0x20, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x60, 0x90, 0x60, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x70, 0xF8, 0xF8, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0xF8, 0xF8, 0x70, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x00, 0x20, 0x20, 
+	0x00, 0x50, 0x50, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x50, 0xF8, 0x50, 0x50, 0x50, 0xF8, 0x50, 
+	0x00, 0x20, 0x78, 0xA0, 0x70, 0x28, 0xF0, 0x20, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x90, 0x20, 0x48, 0x80, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x20, 0x50, 0x50, 0x20, 0x58, 0x90, 0x68, 
+	0x00, 0x40, 0x40, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x20, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x20, 
+	0x00, 0x40, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x40, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0xA8, 0x70, 0xF8, 0x70, 0xA8, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x20, 0xF8, 0x20, 0x20, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x40, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x60, 0x60, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x70, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x70, 
+	0x00, 0x20, 0x60, 0xA0, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 
+	0x00, 0x70, 0x88, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0xF8, 
+	0x00, 0x70, 0x88, 0x08, 0x10, 0x08, 0x88, 0x70, 
+	0x00, 0x30, 0x50, 0x90, 0x90, 0xF8, 0x10, 0x10, 
+	0x00, 0xF8, 0x80, 0x80, 0xF8, 0x08, 0x88, 0x70, 
+	0x00, 0x38, 0x40, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x88, 0x88, 0x70, 
+	0x00, 0xF8, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 
+	0x00, 0x70, 0x88, 0x88, 0x70, 0x88, 0x88, 0x70, 
+	0x00, 0x70, 0x88, 0x88, 0x78, 0x08, 0x10, 0x60, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x60, 0x00, 0x00, 0x60, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x60, 0x00, 0x00, 0x60, 0x40, 
+	0x00, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x40, 0x20, 0x10, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF0, 0x00, 0xF0, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x80, 0x40, 0x20, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 
+	0x00, 0x70, 0x88, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x00, 0x20, 
+	0x00, 0x70, 0x88, 0x88, 0xB8, 0xB0, 0x80, 0x78, 
+	0x00, 0x70, 0x88, 0x88, 0xF8, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 
+	0x00, 0xF0, 0x88, 0x88, 0xF0, 0x88, 0x88, 0xF0, 
+	0x00, 0x70, 0x88, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x88, 0x70, 
+	0x00, 0xF0, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0xF0, 
+	0x00, 0xF8, 0x80, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x80, 0x80, 0xF8, 
+	0x00, 0xF8, 0x80, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 
+	0x00, 0x70, 0x88, 0x80, 0xB8, 0x88, 0x88, 0x70, 
+	0x00, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0xF8, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 
+	0x00, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 
+	0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x90, 0x60, 
+	0x00, 0x88, 0x90, 0xA0, 0xC0, 0xA0, 0x90, 0x88, 
+	0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0xF8, 
+	0x00, 0x88, 0xD8, 0xA8, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 
+	0x00, 0x88, 0xC8, 0xE8, 0xB8, 0x98, 0x88, 0x88, 
+	0x00, 0x70, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x70, 
+	0x00, 0xF0, 0x88, 0x88, 0xF0, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 
+	0x00, 0x70, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0xA8, 0x98, 0x70, 
+	0x00, 0xF0, 0x88, 0x88, 0xF0, 0xA0, 0x90, 0x88, 
+	0x00, 0x70, 0x88, 0x80, 0x70, 0x08, 0x88, 0x70, 
+	0x00, 0xF8, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 
+	0x00, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x70, 
+	0x00, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x50, 0x20, 
+	0x00, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0xA8, 0x50, 
+	0x00, 0x88, 0x50, 0x20, 0x20, 0x50, 0x88, 0x88, 
+	0x00, 0x88, 0x88, 0x50, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 
+	0x00, 0xF8, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0xF8, 
+	0x00, 0x70, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x70, 
+	0x00, 0x80, 0xC0, 0x60, 0x30, 0x18, 0x08, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0xE0, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0xE0, 
+	0x00, 0x20, 0x50, 0x88, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF8, 
+	0x00, 0x60, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x70, 0x08, 0x78, 0x88, 0x78, 
+	0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0xF0, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x70, 0x88, 0x80, 0x88, 0x70, 
+	0x00, 0x08, 0x08, 0x78, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x78, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x70, 0x88, 0xF8, 0x80, 0x78, 
+	0x00, 0x30, 0x40, 0x40, 0xE0, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x78, 0x88, 0x78, 0x08, 0x70, 
+	0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 
+	0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 
+	0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x90, 0x60, 
+	0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x90, 0xA0, 0xC0, 0xA0, 0x90, 
+	0x00, 0xC0, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0xE0, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xD0, 0xA8, 0xA8, 0xA8, 0xA8, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF0, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x70, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x70, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF0, 0x88, 0xF0, 0x80, 0x80, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x78, 0x88, 0x78, 0x08, 0x38, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x70, 0x48, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x78, 0x80, 0x70, 0x08, 0xF0, 
+	0x00, 0x40, 0x40, 0xE0, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x20, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x78, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x50, 0x20, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0xA8, 0x50, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x88, 0x50, 0x20, 0x50, 0x88, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x88, 0x88, 0x78, 0x08, 0xF0, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF8, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0xF8, 
+	0x00, 0x30, 0x40, 0x40, 0x80, 0x40, 0x40, 0x30, 
+	0x00, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 
+	0x00, 0xC0, 0x20, 0x20, 0x10, 0x20, 0x20, 0xC0, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x68, 0x90, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x70, 0x88, 0x88, 0xF8, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 
+	0x00, 0xF8, 0x88, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x88, 0x88, 0xF0, 
+	0x00, 0xF0, 0x88, 0x88, 0xF0, 0x88, 0x88, 0xF0, 
+	0x00, 0xF8, 0x48, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0xE0, 
+	0x00, 0xF0, 0x50, 0x50, 0x50, 0x50, 0x78, 0x88, 
+	0x00, 0xF8, 0x80, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x80, 0x80, 0xF8, 
+	0x00, 0xA8, 0xA8, 0x70, 0x20, 0x70, 0xA8, 0xA8, 
+	0x00, 0x70, 0x88, 0x08, 0x30, 0x08, 0x88, 0x70, 
+	0x00, 0x88, 0x98, 0xA8, 0xA8, 0xA8, 0xC8, 0x88, 
+	0x00, 0xA8, 0xC8, 0x98, 0xA8, 0xA8, 0xC8, 0x88, 
+	0x00, 0x88, 0x90, 0xA0, 0xC0, 0xA0, 0x90, 0x88, 
+	0x00, 0xF8, 0x50, 0x50, 0x50, 0x50, 0x50, 0x90, 
+	0x00, 0x88, 0xD8, 0xA8, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 
+	0x00, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0xF8, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 
+	0x00, 0x70, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x70, 
+	0x00, 0xF8, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 
+	0x00, 0xF0, 0x88, 0x88, 0xF0, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 
+	0x00, 0x70, 0x88, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x88, 0x70, 
+	0x00, 0xF8, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 
+	0x00, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x50, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 
+	0x00, 0x70, 0x20, 0xF8, 0xA8, 0xF8, 0x20, 0x70, 
+	0x00, 0x88, 0x88, 0x50, 0x20, 0x50, 0x88, 0x88, 
+	0x00, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0xF8, 0x08, 
+	0x00, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0xF8, 0x08, 0x08, 0x38, 
+	0x00, 0xA8, 0xA8, 0xA8, 0xA8, 0xA8, 0xA8, 0xF8, 
+	0x00, 0xA8, 0xA8, 0xA8, 0xA8, 0xA8, 0xF8, 0x08, 
+	0x00, 0xC0, 0x40, 0x40, 0x78, 0x48, 0x48, 0x78, 
+	0x00, 0x88, 0x88, 0xC8, 0xA8, 0xA8, 0xA8, 0xE8, 
+	0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0xF0, 
+	0x00, 0xF0, 0x88, 0x08, 0x78, 0x08, 0x88, 0xF0, 
+	0x00, 0x90, 0xA8, 0xA8, 0xE8, 0xA8, 0xA8, 0x90, 
+	0x00, 0x78, 0x88, 0x88, 0x78, 0x28, 0x48, 0x88, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x70, 0x08, 0x78, 0x88, 0x88, 0x78, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0xF8, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x88, 0x88, 0xF0, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0xF0, 0x88, 0xF0, 0x88, 0x88, 0xF0, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0xF8, 0x48, 0x48, 0x40, 0x40, 0xE0, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x78, 0x50, 0x50, 0x50, 0x70, 0x88, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x70, 0x88, 0xF8, 0x80, 0x88, 0x70, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0xA8, 0x70, 0x20, 0x70, 0xA8, 0xA8, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF0, 0x88, 0x30, 0x88, 0x70, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x88, 0x98, 0xA8, 0xC8, 0x88, 0x88, 
+	0x00, 0x50, 0x20, 0x88, 0x98, 0xA8, 0xC8, 0x88, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x88, 0x90, 0xA0, 0xE0, 0x90, 0x88, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0xF8, 0x48, 0x48, 0x48, 0x48, 0xC8, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x88, 0xD8, 0xA8, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x88, 0x88, 0xF8, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x70, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x70, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0xF8, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x70, 0x50, 0x70, 0x08, 0x78, 0x88, 0x78, 
+	0x00, 0x88, 0x00, 0x70, 0x08, 0x78, 0x88, 0x78, 
+	0x00, 0x88, 0x00, 0x70, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x70, 
+	0x00, 0x88, 0x00, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x78, 
+	0x00, 0x90, 0x00, 0xF0, 0x80, 0xE0, 0x80, 0xF0, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x70, 0x48, 0x70, 0x48, 0x48, 0xF0, 
+	0x00, 0x88, 0x00, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 
+	0x00, 0x88, 0x00, 0x70, 0x88, 0xF8, 0x80, 0x78, 
+	0x00, 0x70, 0x50, 0x70, 0x88, 0xF8, 0x88, 0x88, 
+	0x00, 0x88, 0x70, 0x88, 0x88, 0xF8, 0x88, 0x88, 
+	0x00, 0x88, 0x70, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x70, 
+	0x00, 0x88, 0x00, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x78, 
+	0x00, 0x88, 0xF8, 0x80, 0xE0, 0x80, 0x80, 0xF8, 
+	0x00, 0x40, 0x20, 0x70, 0x88, 0xF8, 0x80, 0x78, 
+	0x00, 0x10, 0x20, 0x70, 0x88, 0xF8, 0x80, 0x78, 
+	0x00, 0x20, 0x50, 0x70, 0x88, 0xF8, 0x80, 0x78, 
+	0x00, 0x40, 0x20, 0x70, 0x08, 0x78, 0x88, 0x78, 
+	0x00, 0x20, 0x50, 0x00, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 
+	0x00, 0x20, 0x10, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x78, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x70, 0x80, 0x80, 0x70, 0x20, 
+	0x00, 0x70, 0x88, 0x40, 0xF0, 0x40, 0x40, 0xF8, 
+	0x00, 0x88, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0xF0, 0x80, 0x80, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0xF0, 0x88, 0x88, 0xF0, 0x80, 0x80, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x70, 0x88, 0x80, 0x80, 0x88, 0x70,
+	0x00, 0x00, 0xF8, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x88, 0x88, 0x50, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x70, 0x20, 0xF8, 0xF8, 0x20, 0x70, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x88, 0x50, 0x20, 0x50, 0x88, 0x88, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0xF8, 0x08, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0xF8, 0x08, 0x38, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0xA8, 0xA8, 0xA8, 0xA8, 0xA8, 0xF8, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0xA8, 0xA8, 0xA8, 0xA8, 0xF8, 0x08, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0xC0, 0x40, 0x70, 0x48, 0x48, 0x70, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x88, 0x88, 0xC8, 0xA8, 0xA8, 0xE8, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x88, 0x88, 0xF0, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x70, 0x88, 0x38, 0x08, 0x88, 0x70, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x90, 0xA8, 0xA8, 0xE8, 0xA8, 0x90, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x48, 0x48, 0x38, 0x28, 0x48, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00	};
+

string.c

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-
-#include "string.h"
-
-int strlen(char *str)
-{
-	int retn = 0;
-	while (*str++ != 0)
-		retn++;
-	return retn;
-}
-
-
-

string.h

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-
-#ifndef __HSTRING_H__
-#define __HSTRING_H__ __HSTRING_H__
-
-int	strlen(char *str);
-
-#endif
-

vfs.c

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+// vfs.c
+// Author: Josh Holtrop
+// Created: 12/31/03
+// Modified: 01/04/04
+
+
+void	vfs_init()
+{
+	firstDiskDevice = malloc(sizeof(DiskDevice));
+	firstDiskDevice->type = VFS_DISK_FD;
+	firstDiskDevice->fileSystem = VFS_FS_FAT12;
+	firstDiskDevice->location = VFS_LOC_FD0;
+	firstDiskDevice->link = 0;
+	strcpy(firstDiskDevice->id, "fd0");
+	rootDevice = firstDiskDevice;
+	if (*(byte *)0xC0090000)			// the user chose to load an initial ram disk from the floppy
+	{
+		DiskDevice *rd = malloc(sizeof(DiskDevice));
+		firstDiskDevice->link = (dword)rd;
+		rd->type = VFS_DISK_RD;
+		rd->fileSystem = VFS_FS_FAT12;
+		rd->location = 0xC0200000;
+		rd->link = 0;
+		strcpy(rd->id, "rd0");
+		rootDevice = rd;
+	}
+}
+
+
+byte *vfs_readFile(char *fileName)
+{
+	DiskDevice *dd;
+	dword	fileStartPosition;
+	if (fileName[0] == '/')
+	{
+		dd = rootDevice;
+		fileStartPosition = 1;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		if (strlen(fileName) < 5)	//not a long enough file name
+			return 0;
+		if (!((fileName[3] == ':') && (fileName[4] == '/')))	//if we aren't using the root directory, then there must be a 3 character device explicitly specified
+			return 0;					// followed by a colon and then a slash
+		char device[4];
+		memcpy(device, fileName, 3);	//copy the 3 digit device id to device
+		device[3] = 0;			//null-terminating character for device string
+		dd = vfs_getDiskDeviceByID(device);
+		if (!dd)			//the specified device was not found
+			return 0;
+		fileStartPosition = 5;
+	}
+	switch (dd->fileSystem)
+	{
+	case VFS_FS_FAT12:
+		return fat12_readFile(fileName+fileStartPosition, dd);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+byte *vfs_readSector(DiskDevice *dd, dword sector, byte *dest, dword sectors)
+{
+	byte	*origDest = dest;
+	switch (dd->type)
+	{
+	case VFS_DISK_RD:
+		for (; sectors > 0; sectors--, dest += 512, sector++)
+			rd_readSector(dd, sector, dest);
+		return origDest;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+DiskDevice *vfs_getDiskDeviceByID(char *id)
+{
+	DiskDevice *dd = firstDiskDevice;
+	for (;;)
+	{
+		if (strcmp(dd->id, id))
+			return dd;
+		dd = (DiskDevice *)dd->link;
+		if (!dd)
+			break;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+

vfs.h

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+// vfs.h
+// Author: Josh Holtrop
+// Created: 12/31/03
+// Modified: 01/04/04
+
+
+#define	VFS_DISK_RD	1
+#define	VFS_DISK_FD	2
+#define	VFS_DISK_HD	3
+
+#define	VFS_FS_FAT12	1
+
+#define	VFS_LOC_FD0	1
+
+
+typedef struct	{
+	dword	type;
+	dword	fileSystem;
+	dword	location;
+	dword	link;
+	char	id[4];
+} __attribute__((packed)) DiskDevice;
+
+
+void	vfs_init();
+byte *vfs_readFile(char *fileName);
+byte *vfs_readSector(DiskDevice *dd, dword sector, byte *dest, dword sectors);
+DiskDevice *vfs_getDiskDeviceByID(char *id);
+
+DiskDevice *rootDevice = 0;
+DiskDevice *firstDiskDevice = 0;
+
+

video.c

@@ -1,151 +1,176 @@
 //video.c
 // 08/13/03 Josh Holtrop
+// Modified: 11/12/03
 
-ModeInfoBlock	video_mode;
-byte	*vid_ptr24;
-word	*vid_ptr16;
-dword	*vid_ptr32;
 
-void video_init(ModeInfoBlock *mib)
+//Initialized the video mode information block video_mode and allocated double-buffer memory for graphics display
+void	video_init()
 {
-	video_mode = *mib;
+	videoMode = *(word *)0xC0090002;
+
+        if (!videoMode)	//we are in console mode
+		return;
+
+	video_mode = *(ModeInfoBlock *) 0xC0090306;
 
 	switch(video_mode.BitsPerPixel)
 	{
 	case 16:
-		vid_ptr16 = (word *) video_mode.PhysBasePtr;
+		video_psetp = &video_psetp16;
 		break;
 	case 24:
-		vid_ptr24 = (byte *) video_mode.PhysBasePtr;
+		video_psetp = &video_psetp24;
 		break;
 	case 32:
-		vid_ptr32 = (dword *) video_mode.PhysBasePtr;
+		video_psetp = &video_psetp32;
-	}
-
-	dword tot = ((video_mode.XResolution) * (video_mode.YResolution));
-	int a;
-	for (a = 0; a < tot; a++)
-	{
-		if (a < (tot / 4))
-			video_psetp(a, 0x00FF0000);
-				else if (a < (tot / 2))
-			video_psetp(a, 0x0000FF00);
-		else if (a < ((tot * 3) / 4))
-			video_psetp(a, 0x000000FF);
-		else
-			video_psetp(a, 0x00FFFFFF);		
 	}
 }
 
-void video_horiz(int y, int x1, int x2, dword color)
+//Renders a character using stdfont[] as a bitmask
+void	video_renderChar(int x, int y, int character, dword color)
+{
+	int charpos = (character & 0xFF) * 8;
+	int row;
+	int col;
+	for (row = 0; row < 8; row++)
+	{
+		for (col = 0; col < 5; col++)
+		{
+			if ((stdfont[charpos+row] >> (col+3)) & 0x01)
+				video_pset(x+(5-col), y+row, color);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+//Draws a horizontal line
+void	video_horiz(int y, int x1, int x2, dword color)
 {
-	checkBoundsy(y);
-	checkBoundsx(x1);
-	checkBoundsx(x2);
 	if (x1 > x2)
 	{
 		int tmp = x2;
 		x2 = x1;
-		x1 = tmp;
+		x1 = tmp;		//x2 >= x1 now
 	}
+	if (x2 < 0)
+		return;
+	if (x1 > video_mode.XResolution)
+		return;
+	if (x1 < 0)
+		x1 = 0;
+	if (x2 > video_mode.XResolution)
+		x2 = video_mode.XResolution;
 	int pixel = y*video_mode.XResolution+x1;
-	int a;
+	for (; x1 <= x2; x1++)
-	for (a = 0; a <= (x2-x1); a++)
 	{
-		video_psetp(pixel, color);
+		video_psetp(pixel++, color);
-		pixel++;
 	}
 }
 
-void video_vert(int x, int y1, int y2, dword color)
+//Draws a vertical line
+void	video_vert(int x, int y1, int y2, dword color)
 {
-	checkBoundsx(x);
-	checkBoundsy(y1);
-	checkBoundsy(y2);
 	if (y1 > y2)
 	{
 		int tmp = y2;
 		y2 = y1;
-		y1 = tmp;
+		y1 = tmp;		//y2 >= y1 now
 	}
+	if (y2 < 0)
+		return;
+	if (y1 > video_mode.YResolution)
+		return;
+	if (y1 < 0)
+		y1 = 0;
+	if (y2 > video_mode.YResolution)
+		y2 = video_mode.YResolution;
 	int pixel = y1*video_mode.XResolution+x;
-	int a;
+	for (; y1 <= y2; y1++)
-	for (a = 0; a <= (y2-y1); a++)
 	{
 		video_psetp(pixel, color);
 		pixel+=video_mode.XResolution;
 	}
 }
 
-void video_rect(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, dword color)
+//Draws a rectangle
+void	video_rect(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, dword color)
 {
-	checkBoundsx(x1);
-	checkBoundsx(x2);
-	checkBoundsy(y1);
-	checkBoundsy(y2);
-	if (x2 < x1)
-	{
-		int tmp = x2;
-		x2 = x1;
-		x1 = tmp;
-	}
-	if (y2 < y1)
-	{
-		int tmp = y2;
-		y2 = y1;
-		y1 = tmp;
-	}
 	video_horiz(y1, x1, x2, color);
 	video_horiz(y2, x1, x2, color);
 	video_vert(x1, y1, y2, color);
 	video_vert(x2, y1, y2, color);
 }
 
-void video_rectf(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, dword color)
+//Draws a filled rectangle
+void	video_rectf(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, dword color)
 {
-	checkBoundsx(x1);
-	checkBoundsx(x2);
-	checkBoundsy(y1);
-	checkBoundsy(y2);
-	if (x2 < x1)
-	{
-		int tmp = x2;
-		x2 = x1;
-		x1 = tmp;
-	}
 	if (y2 < y1)
 	{
 		int tmp = y2;
 		y2 = y1;
 		y1 = tmp;
 	}
-	int a;
+	for (; y1 <= y2; y1++)
-	for (a = 0; a <= (y2-y1); a++)
+		video_horiz(y1, x1, x2, color);
-		video_horiz(y1+a, x1, x2, color);
 }
 
+//Draws a single pixel
 inline void video_pset(int x, int y, dword color)
 {
+	if ((x < 0) || (x > video_mode.XResolution) || (y < 0) || (y > video_mode.YResolution))
+		return;
 	video_psetp(y*video_mode.XResolution+x, color);
 }
 
-void video_psetp(int pixel, dword color)
+//Draws a pixel at the specified pixel position
+void	video_psetp16(int pixel, dword color)
 {
-	switch(video_mode.BitsPerPixel)
+	vid_ptr16[pixel] = ((color&0xFF)>>3) | ((((color>>8)&0xFF)>>2)<<5) | ((((color>>16)&0xFF)>>3)<<11);
+}
+
+//Draws a pixel at the specified pixel position
+void	video_psetp24(int pixel, dword color)
+{
+	vid_ptr24[pixel*3] = color & 0xFF;
+	vid_ptr24[pixel*3+1] = (color>>8) & 0xFF;
+	vid_ptr24[pixel*3+2] = (color>>16) & 0xFF;
+}
+
+//Draws a pixel at the specified pixel position
+void	video_psetp32(int pixel, dword color)
+{
+	vid_ptr32[pixel] = color;
+}
+
+//Dummy function to not draw anything if there is no graphical mode enabled
+void	video_psetpnull(int pixel, dword color) {}
+
+
+// This function draws a simple "console" window in graphical mode to display text
+void	video_drawConsole()
+{
+	video_rectf(9, 9, 490, 260, 0);
+	video_rect(8, 8, 491, 261, 0x00777777);
+	int x, y;
+	for (x = 0; x < 80; x++)
 	{
-	case 16:
+		for (y = 0; y < 25; y++)
-		vid_ptr16[pixel] = ((color&0xFF)>>3) | ((((color>>8)&0xFF)>>2)<<6) | ((((color>>16)&0xFF)>>3)<<11);
+		{
-		//vid_ptr16[pixel] = ((color&0xFF)>>3) | ((((color>>8)&0xFF)>>3)<<5) | ((((color>>16)&0xFF)>>3)<<10);
+			video_renderChar(x*6+10, y*10+10, console_memory[y*80+x], 0x00FFFFFF);
-		break;
+		}
-	case 24:
-		vid_ptr24[pixel*3] = color & 0xFF;
-		vid_ptr24[pixel*3+1] = (color>>8) & 0xFF;
-		vid_ptr24[pixel*3+2] = (color>>16) & 0xFF;
-		break;
-	case 32:
-		vid_ptr32[pixel] = color;
 	}
 }
 
 
+// This function draws a "console" character to the graphical video screen
+void	video_drawConsoleChar(dword position)
+{
+ 	int x = position % 80;
+ 	int y = position / 80;
+	video_renderChar(x*6+10, y*10+10, console_memory[y*80+x], 0x00FFFFFF);
+}
+
+
+
+
+
 

video.h

@@ -1,18 +1,22 @@
 //video.h
 // 08/18/03 Josh Holtrop
+// Modified: 12/28/03
 
-void video_init();
+void	video_init();
-void video_horiz(int y, int x1, int x2, dword color);
+void	video_horiz(int y, int x1, int x2, dword color);
-void video_vert(int x, int y1, int y2, dword color);
+void	video_vert(int x, int y1, int y2, dword color);
-void video_rect(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, dword color);
+void	video_rect(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, dword color);
-void video_rectf(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, dword color);
+void	video_rectf(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, dword color);
 inline void video_pset(int x, int y, dword color);
-void video_psetp(int pixel, dword color);
+void	video_psetp16(int pixel, dword color);
+void	video_psetp24(int pixel, dword color);
+void	video_psetp32(int pixel, dword color);
+void	video_psetpnull(int pixel, dword color);
+void	video_renderChar(int x, int y, int character, dword color);
+void	video_drawConsole();
+void	video_drawConsoleChar(dword position);
 
 
-#define checkBoundsx(x) (x<0 ? x=0 : (x>=video_mode.XResolution ? x=video_mode.XResolution-1 : 0))
-#define checkBoundsy(x) (x<0 ? x=0 : (x>=video_mode.YResolution ? x=video_mode.YResolution-1 : 0))
-
 typedef struct{
 	word	ModeAttributes;
 	byte	WinAAttributes;
@@ -53,6 +57,15 @@ typedef struct{
 } ModeInfoBlock;
 
 
+ModeInfoBlock	video_mode;
+dword	videoMode = 0;			//what video mode # we are in, 0 for console mode
+word	*vid_ptr16 = (word *)0xF0000000;
+byte	*vid_ptr24 = (byte *)0xF0000000;
+dword	*vid_ptr32 = (dword *)0xF0000000;
+word	console_memory[2000];		//holds a copy of the console's memory
+void (*video_psetp)(int, dword) = video_psetpnull;	//function pointer to set a pixel
+
+
 
 
 

vmm.c

@@ -0,0 +1,354 @@
+// vmm.c
+// Author: Josh Holtrop
+// Date: 09/30/03
+// Rewritten from scratch: 12/23/03
+// Modified: 12/30/03
+
+
+// This is the initialization procedure for the Virtual Memory Manager
+//  It sets up the final page directory/page table setup and maps video memory, if present
+void	vmm_init()
+{
+	dword *pageTables = (dword *)0xC0104000;	//this is the location of the page directory
+	pageTables[0x3FF] = 0x104000|0x03;		//the last page directory entry points to the page directory itself
+	pageTables[0] = 0;
+	invlpg(0);
+	if (videoMode)	//we are in a graphical mode
+	{
+		dword vidPages = video_mode.XResolution * video_mode.YResolution * (video_mode.BitsPerPixel >> 3);
+		if (vidPages % 4096)
+			vidPages = (vidPages >> 12) + 1;
+		else
+			vidPages = (vidPages >> 12);
+		vmm_mapn(0xF0000000, video_mode.PhysBasePtr, vidPages);
+	}
+	dword firstHeapEntryBlock = (dword)mm_palloc();
+	vmm_map1((dword)firstHeapEntry, firstHeapEntryBlock);
+	HeapEntryBlock *heb = (HeapEntryBlock *)firstHeapEntry;
+	vmm_heb_init(heb);
+	heb->entry[0].base = (dword)firstHeapEntry;	//start of kernel's heap memory
+	heb->entry[0].size = 4096;			//the first HeapEntryBlock is 1 page long
+	heb->entry[0].attributes = VMM_HE_HEB;		//this is a HeapEntryBlock
+	heb->entry[1].base = (dword)firstHeapEntry+4096;	//this is the start of the rest of the kernel's heap memory
+	heb->entry[1].size = 0x10000000-4096;		//the rest of the kernel's heap memory: 256mb - 4kb
+	heb->entry[1].attributes = VMM_HE_HOLE;		//this is a hold - an unmapped section of heap memory
+}
+
+
+// This function initialzes a Heap Entry Block to unused entries linked together
+void	vmm_heb_init(HeapEntryBlock *heb)
+{
+	int a;
+	for (a = 0; a < 256; a++)
+	{
+		heb->entry[a].base = 0;
+		heb->entry[a].size = 0;
+		heb->entry[a].attributes = VMM_HE_UNUSED;
+		heb->entry[a].link = (dword)&(heb->entry[a+1]);
+	}
+	heb->entry[255].link = 0;
+}
+
+
+// This function maps a virtual address to a physical address using the page directory / page table
+void	vmm_map1(dword virt, dword physical)
+{
+	dword pde = virt >> 22;
+	dword pte = (virt & 0x003FF000) >> 12;
+	dword *pageTables = (dword *)0xC0104000;	//this is the location of the page directory
+	if (!(pageTables[pde] & 0x01))		//the page directory entry does not exist, we must allocate a page for it
+	{
+		dword *newpagetable = mm_palloc();
+		pageTables[pde] = ((dword)newpagetable) | 0x03;
+		invlpg(virt);
+		dword *newpteptr = (dword *)(0xFFC00000 | (pde << 12));	//points to first dword of newly allocated page table
+		int a;
+		for (a = 0; a < 1024; a++)
+		{
+			newpteptr[a] = 0;
+		}
+	}
+	dword *pteptr = (dword *)(0xFFC00000 | (pde << 12) | (pte << 2));
+	*pteptr = physical | 0x03;
+	invlpg(virt);
+}
+
+
+// This function maps a variable number of pages in a row
+void	vmm_mapn(dword virt, dword physical, dword n)
+{
+	for (; n > 0; n--)
+	{
+		vmm_map1(virt, physical);
+		virt += 4096;
+		physical += 4096;
+	}
+}
+
+
+// This function removes the virtual address's entry in the page directory / page table
+void	vmm_unmap1(dword virt)
+{
+	dword *pteptr = (dword *)(0xFFC00000 | ((virt & 0xFFC00000) >> 10) | ((virt & 0x003FF000) >> 10));
+	*pteptr = 0;
+ 	invlpg(virt);
+}
+
+
+// This function removes multiple pages' entries
+void	vmm_unmapn(dword virt, dword n)
+{
+	for (; n > 0; n--)
+	{
+		vmm_unmap1(virt);
+		virt += 4096;
+	}
+}
+
+
+// Virtual Memory allocator function
+void	*malloc(dword bytes)
+{
+ 	if (bytes % VMM_MALLOC_GRANULARITY)
+ 		bytes = bytes + VMM_MALLOC_GRANULARITY - (bytes % VMM_MALLOC_GRANULARITY);
+	void *attempt = vmm_getFreeChunk(bytes);
+	if (attempt)
+		return attempt;
+	if(vmm_moreCore(bytes))
+		return 0;			//we could not get any more heap memory
+	return vmm_getFreeChunk(bytes);
+}
+
+
+// This function returns a pointer if a free chunk of memory exists
+void	*vmm_getFreeChunk(dword bytes)
+{
+	HeapEntry *he = firstHeapEntry;
+	for (;;)
+	{
+		if (he->attributes == VMM_HE_FREE)
+		{
+			if (he->size > bytes)
+			{
+				HeapEntry *nhe = vmm_nextHeapEntry();
+				nhe->base = he->base;
+				nhe->size = bytes;
+				nhe->attributes = VMM_HE_USED;
+				he->base += bytes;
+				he->size -= bytes;
+				return (void *)(nhe->base);
+			}
+			if (he->size == bytes)
+			{
+				he->attributes = VMM_HE_USED;
+				return (void *)(he->base);
+			}
+		}
+		he = (HeapEntry *)he->link;
+		if (!he)
+			break;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+// This function coalesces any two adjacent heap entries into one entry
+void	vmm_coalesceHeapEntry(HeapEntry *he)
+{
+	if (!(he->attributes == VMM_HE_FREE || he->attributes == VMM_HE_HOLE))
+		return;
+	if (he->size == 0)
+	{
+		he->attributes = VMM_HE_UNUSED;
+		return;
+	}
+	HeapEntry *hec = firstHeapEntry;
+	for (;;)
+	{
+		if (hec->attributes == he->attributes)
+		{
+			if ((hec->base + hec->size) == he->base)	//hec ends where he begins
+			{
+				he->base = hec->base;
+				he->size += hec->size;
+				hec->attributes = VMM_HE_UNUSED;
+			}
+			if ((he->base + he->size) == hec->base)		//he ends where hec begins
+			{
+				he->size += hec->size;
+				hec->attributes = VMM_HE_UNUSED;
+			}
+		}
+		hec = (HeapEntry *)hec->link;
+		if (!hec)
+			break;
+	}
+}
+
+
+// This function retrieves more physical memory for the heap
+int	vmm_moreCore(dword bytes)
+{
+	dword pages = (bytes >> 12) + 1;
+	bytes = pages << 12;
+	HeapEntry *he = vmm_getFirstHoleHeapEntry(bytes);
+	dword virt = he->base;
+	for (; pages > 0; pages--)
+	{
+		dword phys = (dword)mm_palloc();
+		if (!phys)
+			return 1;
+		vmm_map1(virt, phys);
+		virt += 4096;
+	}
+	if (he->size == bytes)
+	{
+		he->attributes = VMM_HE_FREE;
+		vmm_coalesceHeapEntry(he);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		HeapEntry *nhe = vmm_nextHeapEntry();
+		nhe->base = he->base;
+		nhe->size = bytes;
+		nhe->attributes = VMM_HE_FREE;
+		he->base += bytes;
+		he->size -= bytes;
+		vmm_coalesceHeapEntry(nhe);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+// This function returns the next available heap entry, creates more entries if we are running low
+HeapEntry *vmm_nextHeapEntry()
+{
+	if (vmm_heapEntriesLeft() < 10)
+		vmm_addHeapEntryBlock();
+	return vmm_getFirstUnusedHeapEntry();
+}
+
+
+// This function creates a new block (page) of heap entries (256)
+void	vmm_addHeapEntryBlock()
+{
+	HeapEntry *he = vmm_getFirstHoleHeapEntry(4096);
+	HeapEntry *newBlock = vmm_getFirstUnusedHeapEntry();
+	dword heb = (dword)mm_palloc();
+	vmm_map1(he->base, heb);
+	vmm_heb_init((HeapEntryBlock *)he->base);
+	HeapEntry *lhe = vmm_getLastHeapEntry();
+	if (he->size == 4096)
+	{
+		he->attributes = VMM_HE_HEB;
+		lhe->link = (dword)he->base;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		newBlock->base = he->base;
+		newBlock->size = 4096;
+		newBlock->attributes = VMM_HE_HEB;
+		he->base += 4096;
+		he->size -= 4096;
+		lhe->link = (dword)newBlock->base;
+	}
+	return;
+}
+
+
+// This function returns the last heap entry in the linked list, useful for setting
+//  its link field to point to the first entry of a newly allocated list
+HeapEntry *vmm_getLastHeapEntry()
+{
+	HeapEntry *he = firstHeapEntry;
+	for (;;)
+	{
+		if (he->link == 0)
+			return he;
+		he = (HeapEntry *)he->link;
+	}
+}
+
+
+// This function returns the first heap entry corresponding to a memory "hole"
+HeapEntry *vmm_getFirstHoleHeapEntry(dword minBytes)
+{
+	HeapEntry *he = firstHeapEntry;
+	for (;;)
+	{
+		if ((he->attributes == VMM_HE_HOLE) && (he->size >= minBytes))
+			return he;
+		he = (HeapEntry *)he->link;
+		if (!he)
+			break;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+// This function returns the first heap entry that is not being used
+HeapEntry *vmm_getFirstUnusedHeapEntry()
+{
+	HeapEntry *he = firstHeapEntry;
+	for (;;)
+	{
+		if (he->attributes == VMM_HE_UNUSED)
+			return he;
+		he = (HeapEntry *)he->link;
+		if (!he)
+			break;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+// This function returns the number of heap entries available for use
+dword	vmm_heapEntriesLeft()
+{
+ 	HeapEntry *he = firstHeapEntry;
+ 	dword entries = 0;
+ 	for (;;)
+ 	{
+ 		if (he->attributes == VMM_HE_UNUSED)
+ 			entries++;
+ 		he = (HeapEntry *)he->link;
+ 		if (!he)
+ 			break;
+ 	}
+	return entries;
+}
+
+
+// This function "frees" an area of memory previously allocated with malloc()
+int	free(void *ptr)
+{
+	HeapEntry *he = vmm_getHeapEntryByBase((dword)ptr);
+	if (!he)
+		return 1;	//a heap entry starting at the given address was not found
+	he->attributes = VMM_HE_FREE;
+	vmm_coalesceHeapEntry(he);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+// This function scans the heap entry linked list for an entry that begins at the given address
+HeapEntry *vmm_getHeapEntryByBase(dword base)
+{
+	HeapEntry *he = firstHeapEntry;
+	for (;;)
+	{
+		if (he->base == base)
+			return he;
+		he = (HeapEntry *)he->link;
+		if (!he)
+			break;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

vmm.h

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// vmm.h
+// Author: Josh Holtrop
+// Date: 09/30/03
+// Rewritten from scratch: 12/23/03
+// Modified: 12/30/03
+
+
+#define	VMM_HE_UNUSED	0		//available entry
+#define	VMM_HE_FREE	1		//free section of memory
+#define	VMM_HE_USED	2		//used section of memory
+#define	VMM_HE_HOLE	3		//a "hole" (unmapped) section of virtual memory
+#define	VMM_HE_HEB	4		//HeapEntryBlock
+
+#define	VMM_MALLOC_GRANULARITY	4	//granularity for all memory requests
+
+typedef struct {
+	dword	base;			//virtual base address
+	dword	size;			//size in bytes
+	dword	attributes;		//free/used/hole
+	dword	link;			//link to next HeapEntry
+} __attribute__((packed)) HeapEntry;
+
+
+typedef struct {
+	HeapEntry	entry[256];	//256 HeapEntry objects = 4kb (1 page)
+} __attribute__((packed)) HeapEntryBlock;
+
+
+void	vmm_init();
+void   *malloc(dword bytes);
+int	free(void *ptr);
+void	vmm_map1(dword virt, dword physical);
+void	vmm_mapn(dword virt, dword physical, dword n);
+void	vmm_unmap1(dword virt);
+void	vmm_unmapn(dword virt, dword n);
+void	vmm_heb_init(HeapEntryBlock *heb);
+void	*vmm_getFreeChunk(dword bytes);
+HeapEntry *vmm_nextHeapEntry();
+dword	vmm_heapEntriesLeft();
+HeapEntry *vmm_getLastHeapEntry();
+HeapEntry *vmm_getFirstUnusedHeapEntry();
+HeapEntry *vmm_getFirstHoleHeapEntry(dword minBytes);
+void	vmm_addHeapEntryBlock();
+int	vmm_moreCore(dword bytes);
+void	vmm_coalesceHeapEntry(HeapEntry *he);
+HeapEntry *vmm_getHeapEntryByBase(dword base);
+
+
+HeapEntry *firstHeapEntry = (HeapEntry *)0xD0000000;	//this is where heap memory starts
+
+
+
+
+
+