rcp/include/rcp.h

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2026 Josh Holtrop
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to
 * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
 * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
 * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
 * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
 * IN THE SOFTWARE.
 */

#pragma once

#include <atomic>

/**
 * Reference-counting pointer.
 */
template <typename T>
class rcp
{
private:
    T * ptr = nullptr;

public:
    rcp() = default;

    rcp(T * p) : ptr(p)
    {
        if (p)
        {
            p->rcp_inc();
        }
    }

    rcp(const rcp & other) : ptr(other.ptr)
    {
        if (ptr)
        {
            ptr->rcp_inc();
        }
    }

    rcp<T> & operator=(const rcp & other)
    {
        ptr = other.ptr;
        if (ptr)
        {
            ptr->rcp_inc();
        }
        return *this;
    }

    ~rcp()
    {
        if (ptr)
        {
            ptr->rcp_dec();
        }
    }

    /* Casting constructor: allows rcp<Base> -> rcp<Derived> */
    template <typename U>
    rcp(const rcp<U> & other) : ptr(static_cast<T *>(other.get_raw()))
    {
        if (ptr)
        {
            ptr->rcp_inc();
        }
    }

    T * get_raw() const
    {
        return ptr;
    }

    T * operator->() const
    {
        return ptr;
    }

    T & operator*() const
    {
        return *ptr;
    }

    bool operator!() const
    {
        return !ptr;
    }

    operator bool() const
    {
        return ptr != nullptr;
    }

    bool operator==(const rcp<T> & other) const
    {
        return ptr == other.ptr;
    }

    bool operator!=(const rcp<T> & other) const
    {
        return ptr != other.ptr;
    }

    bool operator==(std::nullptr_t) const
    {
        return ptr == nullptr;
    }

    bool operator!=(std::nullptr_t) const
    {
        return ptr != nullptr;
    }

    template <typename... Args>
    static rcp<T> create(Args&&... args)
    {
        return T::create(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
    }
};

#define rcp_managed_root(classname) \
    public: \
        void rcp_inc() const \
        { \
            ref_count.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed); \
        } \
        void rcp_dec() const \
        { \
            if (ref_count.fetch_sub(1, std::memory_order_acq_rel) == 1) \
            { \
                delete this; \
            } \
        } \
    private: \
        mutable std::atomic<int> ref_count{0}; \
    rcp_managed(classname)

#define rcp_managed(classname) \
    public: \
        rcp<classname> get_rcp() \
        { \
            return rcp<classname>(this); \
        } \
        template <typename... Args> \
        static rcp<classname> create(Args&&... args) \
        { \
            return (new classname(std::forward<Args>(args)...))->get_rcp(); \
        } \
    private: