diff --git a/build_tests/typical/install.rb b/build_tests/typical/install.rb
index 4077c9b..4cc3ad0 100644
--- a/build_tests/typical/install.rb
+++ b/build_tests/typical/install.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,14 @@
+project_name "install_test"
+
 build do
   Environment.new do |env|
-    env.Install("inst.exe", "install.rb")
+    env["CPPPATH"] += glob("src/**")
+    env.Program("^/program.exe", glob("src/**/*.c"))
+    env.InstallDirectory("${prefix}/bin")
+    env.Install("${prefix}/bin", "^/program.exe")
+    env.InstallDirectory("${prefix}/share")
+    env.Install("${prefix}/share/proj/install.rb", "install.rb")
+    env.Install("${prefix}/mult", ["install.rb", "copy.rb"])
+    env.Install("${prefix}/src", "src")
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/rscons.rb b/lib/rscons.rb
index 65fab52..100c80c 100644
--- a/lib/rscons.rb
+++ b/lib/rscons.rb
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ module Rscons
     :Directory,
     :Disassemble,
     :Install,
+    :InstallDirectory,
     :Library,
     :Object,
     :Preprocess,
@@ -145,9 +146,9 @@ require_relative "rscons/builders/mixins/program"
 # default builders
 require_relative "rscons/builders/cfile"
 require_relative "rscons/builders/command"
+require_relative "rscons/builders/copy"
 require_relative "rscons/builders/directory"
 require_relative "rscons/builders/disassemble"
-require_relative "rscons/builders/install"
 require_relative "rscons/builders/library"
 require_relative "rscons/builders/object"
 require_relative "rscons/builders/preprocess"
diff --git a/lib/rscons/application.rb b/lib/rscons/application.rb
index e2db4ed..c325b04 100644
--- a/lib/rscons/application.rb
+++ b/lib/rscons/application.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+require "set"
+
 module Rscons
 
   # Functionality for an instance of the rscons application invocation.
@@ -23,6 +25,18 @@ module Rscons
     def initialize
       @n_threads = Util.determine_n_threads
       @vars = VarSet.new
+      @operations = Set.new
+    end
+
+    # Check whether a requested operation is active.
+    #
+    # @param op [String]
+    #   Operation name.
+    #
+    # @return [Boolean]
+    #   Whether the requested operation is active.
+    def operation(op)
+      @operations.include?(op)
     end
 
     # Run the specified operation.
@@ -37,6 +51,7 @@ module Rscons
     # @return [Integer]
     #   Process exit code (0 on success).
     def run(operation, script, operation_options)
+      @operations << operation
       @script = script
       case operation
       when "build"
@@ -58,6 +73,10 @@ module Rscons
         configure(operation_options)
       when "distclean"
         distclean
+      when "install"
+        run("build", script, operation_options)
+      when "uninstall"
+        uninstall
       else
         $stderr.puts "Unknown operation: #{operation}"
         1
@@ -129,34 +148,37 @@ module Rscons
     # @return [Integer]
     #   Exit code.
     def configure(options)
-      # Default options.
-      options[:build_dir] ||= "build"
-      options[:prefix] ||= "/usr/local"
-      cache = Cache.instance
-      cache["failed_commands"] = []
-      cache["configuration_data"] = {}
-      if project_name = @script.project_name
-        Ansi.write($stdout, "Configuring ", :cyan, project_name, :reset, "...\n")
-      else
-        $stdout.puts "Configuring project..."
-      end
-      Ansi.write($stdout, "Setting build directory... ", :green, options[:build_dir], :reset, "\n")
-      Ansi.write($stdout, "Setting prefix... ", :green, options[:prefix], :reset, "\n")
       rv = 0
-      co = ConfigureOp.new("#{options[:build_dir]}/configure")
+      options = options.merge(project_name: @script.project_name)
+      co = ConfigureOp.new(options)
       begin
         @script.configure(co)
       rescue ConfigureOp::ConfigureFailure
         rv = 1
       end
-      co.close
-      cache["configuration_data"]["build_dir"] = options[:build_dir]
-      cache["configuration_data"]["prefix"] = options[:prefix]
-      cache["configuration_data"]["configured"] = rv == 0
-      cache.write
+      co.close(rv == 0)
       rv
     end
 
+    # Remove installed files.
+    #
+    # @return [Integer]
+    #   Exit code.
+    def uninstall
+      cache = Cache.instance
+      cache.targets(true).each do |target|
+        FileUtils.rm_f(target)
+      end
+      # remove all created directories if they are empty
+      cache.directories(true).sort {|a, b| b.size <=> a.size}.each do |directory|
+        next unless File.directory?(directory)
+        if (Dir.entries(directory) - ['.', '..']).empty?
+          Dir.rmdir(directory) rescue nil
+        end
+      end
+      0
+    end
+
   end
 
 end
diff --git a/lib/rscons/builders/copy.rb b/lib/rscons/builders/copy.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a9edd1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rscons/builders/copy.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+require "pathname"
+
+module Rscons
+  module Builders
+    # The Copy builder copies files/directories to new locations.
+    class Copy < Builder
+
+      # Run the builder to produce a build target.
+      def run(options)
+        install_builder = self.class.name == "Install"
+        if (not install_builder) or Rscons.application.operation("install")
+          target_is_dir = (@sources.length > 1) ||
+                          Dir.exists?(@sources.first) ||
+                          Dir.exists?(@target)
+          outdir = target_is_dir ? @target : File.dirname(@target)
+          # Collect the list of files to copy over.
+          file_map = {}
+          if target_is_dir
+            @sources.each do |src|
+              if Dir.exists? src
+                Dir.glob("#{src}/**/*", File::FNM_DOTMATCH).select do |f|
+                  File.file?(f)
+                end.each do |subfile|
+                  subpath = Pathname.new(subfile).relative_path_from(Pathname.new(src)).to_s
+                  file_map[subfile] = "#{outdir}/#{subpath}"
+                end
+              else
+                file_map[src] = "#{outdir}/#{File.basename(src)}"
+              end
+            end
+          else
+            file_map[sources.first] = target
+          end
+          printed_message = false
+          file_map.each do |src, dest|
+            # Check the cache and copy if necessary
+            unless @cache.up_to_date?(dest, :Copy, [src], @env)
+              unless printed_message
+                message = "#{name} #{Util.short_format_paths(@sources)} => #{@target}"
+                print_run_message(message, nil)
+                printed_message = true
+              end
+              @cache.mkdir_p(File.dirname(dest), install: install_builder)
+              FileUtils.cp(src, dest, :preserve => true)
+            end
+            @cache.register_build(dest, :Copy, [src], @env, install: install_builder)
+          end
+          (target_is_dir ? Dir.exists?(@target) : File.exists?(@target)) ? true : false
+        else
+          true
+        end
+      end
+
+    end
+
+    # The Install builder is identical to the Copy builder.
+    class Install < Copy; end
+
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/rscons/builders/directory.rb b/lib/rscons/builders/directory.rb
index 13c71e1..bde16eb 100644
--- a/lib/rscons/builders/directory.rb
+++ b/lib/rscons/builders/directory.rb
@@ -1,22 +1,33 @@
 module Rscons
   module Builders
+
     # The Directory builder creates a directory.
     class Directory < Builder
 
       # Run the builder to produce a build target.
       def run(options)
-        if File.directory?(@target)
-          true
-        elsif File.exists?(@target)
-          Ansi.write($stderr, :red, "Error: `#{@target}' already exists and is not a directory", :reset, "\n")
-          false
+        install_builder = self.class.name == "InstallDirectory"
+        if (not install_builder) or Rscons.application.operation("install")
+          if File.directory?(@target)
+            true
+          elsif File.exists?(@target)
+            Ansi.write($stderr, :red, "Error: `#{@target}' already exists and is not a directory", :reset, "\n")
+            false
+          else
+            print_run_message("Creating directory => #{@target}", nil)
+            @cache.mkdir_p(@target, install: install_builder)
+            true
+          end
         else
-          print_run_message("Creating directory => #{@target}", nil)
-          @cache.mkdir_p(@target)
           true
         end
       end
 
     end
+
+    # The InstallDirectory class is identical to Directory but only performs
+    # an action for an "install" operation.
+    class InstallDirectory < Directory; end
+
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/rscons/builders/install.rb b/lib/rscons/builders/install.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 34881f6..0000000
--- a/lib/rscons/builders/install.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-require "pathname"
-
-module Rscons
-  module Builders
-    # The Install builder copies files/directories to new locations.
-    class Install < Builder
-
-      # Run the builder to produce a build target.
-      def run(options)
-        target_is_dir = (@sources.length > 1) ||
-                        Dir.exists?(@sources.first) ||
-                        Dir.exists?(@target)
-        outdir = target_is_dir ? @target : File.dirname(@target)
-        # Collect the list of files to copy over.
-        file_map = {}
-        if target_is_dir
-          @sources.each do |src|
-            if Dir.exists? src
-              Dir.glob("#{src}/**/*", File::FNM_DOTMATCH).select do |f|
-                File.file?(f)
-              end.each do |subfile|
-                subpath = Pathname.new(subfile).relative_path_from(Pathname.new(src)).to_s
-                file_map[subfile] = "#{outdir}/#{subpath}"
-              end
-            else
-              file_map[src] = "#{outdir}/#{File.basename(src)}"
-            end
-          end
-        else
-          file_map[sources.first] = target
-        end
-        printed_message = false
-        file_map.each do |src, dest|
-          # Check the cache and copy if necessary
-          unless @cache.up_to_date?(dest, :Copy, [src], @env)
-            unless printed_message
-              message = "#{name} #{Util.short_format_paths(@sources)} => #{@target}"
-              print_run_message(message, nil)
-              printed_message = true
-            end
-            @cache.mkdir_p(File.dirname(dest))
-            FileUtils.cp(src, dest, :preserve => true)
-          end
-          @cache.register_build(dest, :Copy, [src], @env)
-        end
-        (target_is_dir ? Dir.exists?(@target) : File.exists?(@target)) ? true : false
-      end
-
-    end
-
-    # The Copy builder is identical to the Install builder.
-    class Copy < Install; end
-
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/rscons/configure_op.rb b/lib/rscons/configure_op.rb
index cf6f810..a996534 100644
--- a/lib/rscons/configure_op.rb
+++ b/lib/rscons/configure_op.rb
@@ -10,20 +10,48 @@ module Rscons
 
     # Create a ConfigureOp.
     #
-    # @param work_dir [String]
-    #   Work directory for configure operation.
-    def initialize(work_dir)
-      @work_dir = work_dir
+    # @param options [Hash]
+    #   Optional parameters.
+    # @param build_dir [String]
+    #   Build directory.
+    # @param prefix [String]
+    #   Install prefix.
+    # @param project_name [String]
+    #   Project name.
+    def initialize(options)
+      # Default options.
+      options[:build_dir] ||= "build"
+      options[:prefix] ||= "/usr/local"
+      @work_dir = "#{options[:build_dir]}/configure"
       FileUtils.mkdir_p(@work_dir)
       @log_fh = File.open("#{@work_dir}/config.log", "wb")
+      cache = Cache.instance
+      cache["failed_commands"] = []
+      cache["configuration_data"] = {}
+      cache["configuration_data"]["build_dir"] = options[:build_dir]
+      cache["configuration_data"]["prefix"] = options[:prefix]
+      if project_name = options[:project_name]
+        Ansi.write($stdout, "Configuring ", :cyan, project_name, :reset, "...\n")
+      else
+        $stdout.puts "Configuring project..."
+      end
+      Ansi.write($stdout, "Setting build directory... ", :green, options[:build_dir], :reset, "\n")
+      Ansi.write($stdout, "Setting prefix... ", :green, options[:prefix], :reset, "\n")
+      store_merge("prefix" => options[:prefix])
     end
 
     # Close the log file handle.
     #
+    # @param success [Boolean]
+    #   Whether all configure operations were successful.
+    #
     # @return [void]
-    def close
+    def close(success)
       @log_fh.close
       @log_fh = nil
+      cache = Cache.instance
+      cache["configuration_data"]["configured"] = success
+      cache.write
     end
 
     # Check for a working C compiler.
diff --git a/spec/build_tests_spec.rb b/spec/build_tests_spec.rb
index 7f70335..029d4e1 100644
--- a/spec/build_tests_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/build_tests_spec.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 require 'fileutils'
 require "open3"
 require "set"
+require "tmpdir"
 
 describe Rscons do
 
@@ -305,29 +306,50 @@ EOF
     expect(IO.read('foo.yml')).to eq("---\nkey: value\n")
   end
 
-  it 'cleans built files' do
-    test_dir("simple")
-    result = run_rscons
-    expect(result.stderr).to eq ""
-    expect(`./simple.exe`).to match /This is a simple C program/
-    expect(File.exists?('build/e.1/simple.o')).to be_truthy
-    result = run_rscons(op: %w[clean])
-    expect(File.exists?('build/e.1/simple.o')).to be_falsey
-    expect(File.exists?('build/e.1')).to be_falsey
-    expect(File.exists?('simple.exe')).to be_falsey
-    expect(File.exists?('simple.c')).to be_truthy
-  end
+  context "clean operation" do
+    it 'cleans built files' do
+      test_dir("simple")
+      result = run_rscons
+      expect(result.stderr).to eq ""
+      expect(`./simple.exe`).to match /This is a simple C program/
+      expect(File.exists?('build/e.1/simple.o')).to be_truthy
+      result = run_rscons(op: %w[clean])
+      expect(File.exists?('build/e.1/simple.o')).to be_falsey
+      expect(File.exists?('build/e.1')).to be_falsey
+      expect(File.exists?('simple.exe')).to be_falsey
+      expect(File.exists?('simple.c')).to be_truthy
+    end
 
-  it 'does not clean created directories if other non-rscons-generated files reside there' do
-    test_dir("simple")
-    result = run_rscons
-    expect(result.stderr).to eq ""
-    expect(`./simple.exe`).to match /This is a simple C program/
-    expect(File.exists?('build/e.1/simple.o')).to be_truthy
-    File.open('build/e.1/dum', 'w') { |fh| fh.puts "dum" }
-    result = run_rscons(op: %w[clean])
-    expect(File.exists?('build/e.1')).to be_truthy
-    expect(File.exists?('build/e.1/dum')).to be_truthy
+    it 'does not clean created directories if other non-rscons-generated files reside there' do
+      test_dir("simple")
+      result = run_rscons
+      expect(result.stderr).to eq ""
+      expect(`./simple.exe`).to match /This is a simple C program/
+      expect(File.exists?('build/e.1/simple.o')).to be_truthy
+      File.open('build/e.1/dum', 'w') { |fh| fh.puts "dum" }
+      result = run_rscons(op: %w[clean])
+      expect(File.exists?('build/e.1')).to be_truthy
+      expect(File.exists?('build/e.1/dum')).to be_truthy
+    end
+
+    it "removes built files but not installed files" do
+      test_dir "typical"
+
+      Dir.mktmpdir do |prefix|
+        result = run_rscons(rsconscript: "install.rb", op: %W[configure --prefix=#{prefix}])
+        expect(result.stderr).to eq ""
+
+        result = run_rscons(rsconscript: "install.rb", op: %W[install])
+        expect(result.stderr).to eq ""
+        expect(File.exists?("#{prefix}/bin/program.exe")).to be_truthy
+        expect(File.exists?("build/e.1/src/one/one.o")).to be_truthy
+
+        result = run_rscons(rsconscript: "install.rb", op: %W[clean])
+        expect(result.stderr).to eq ""
+        expect(File.exists?("#{prefix}/bin/program.exe")).to be_truthy
+        expect(File.exists?("build/e.1/src/one/one.o")).to be_falsey
+      end
+    end
   end
 
   it 'allows Ruby classes as custom builders to be used to construct files' do
@@ -1105,28 +1127,6 @@ EOF
     end
   end
 
-  context "Install buildler" do
-    it "copies a file to the target file name" do
-      test_dir("typical")
-
-      result = run_rscons(rsconscript: "install.rb")
-      expect(result.stderr).to eq ""
-      expect(lines(result.stdout)).to include *["Install install.rb => inst.exe"]
-
-      result = run_rscons(rsconscript: "install.rb")
-      expect(result.stderr).to eq ""
-      expect(result.stdout).to eq ""
-
-      expect(File.exists?("inst.exe")).to be_truthy
-      expect(File.read("inst.exe", mode: "rb")).to eq(File.read("install.rb", mode: "rb"))
-
-      FileUtils.rm("inst.exe")
-      result = run_rscons(rsconscript: "install.rb")
-      expect(result.stderr).to eq ""
-      expect(lines(result.stdout)).to include *["Install install.rb => inst.exe"]
-    end
-  end
-
   context "phony targets" do
     it "allows specifying a Symbol as a target name and reruns the builder if the sources or command have changed" do
       test_dir("simple")
@@ -1584,7 +1584,7 @@ EOF
     end
   end
 
-  context "configure" do
+  context "configure operation" do
     it "raises a method not found error for configure methods called outside a configure block" do
       test_dir "configure"
       result = run_rscons(rsconscript: "scope.rb")
@@ -2124,4 +2124,94 @@ EOF
     end
   end
 
+  context "install operation" do
+    it "invokes a configure operation if the project is not yet configured" do
+      test_dir "typical"
+
+      result = run_rscons(rsconscript: "install.rb", op: %W[install])
+      expect(result.stdout).to match /Configuring install_test/
+    end
+
+    it "invokes a build operation" do
+      test_dir "typical"
+
+      Dir.mktmpdir do |prefix|
+        result = run_rscons(rsconscript: "install.rb", op: %W[configure --prefix=#{prefix}])
+        expect(result.stderr).to eq ""
+        result = run_rscons(rsconscript: "install.rb", op: %W[install])
+        expect(result.stderr).to eq ""
+        expect(result.stdout).to match /Compiling/
+        expect(result.stdout).to match /Linking/
+      end
+    end
+
+    it "installs the requested directories and files" do
+      test_dir "typical"
+
+      Dir.mktmpdir do |prefix|
+        result = run_rscons(rsconscript: "install.rb", op: %W[configure --prefix=#{prefix}])
+        expect(result.stderr).to eq ""
+
+        result = run_rscons(rsconscript: "install.rb", op: %W[install])
+        expect(result.stderr).to eq ""
+        expect(result.stdout).to match /Creating directory/
+        expect(result.stdout).to match /Install install.rb =>/
+        expect(result.stdout).to match /Install src =>/
+        expect(Dir.entries(prefix)).to match_array %w[. .. bin src share mult]
+        expect(File.directory?("#{prefix}/bin")).to be_truthy
+        expect(File.directory?("#{prefix}/src")).to be_truthy
+        expect(File.directory?("#{prefix}/share")).to be_truthy
+        expect(File.exists?("#{prefix}/bin/program.exe")).to be_truthy
+        expect(File.exists?("#{prefix}/src/one/one.c")).to be_truthy
+        expect(File.exists?("#{prefix}/share/proj/install.rb")).to be_truthy
+        expect(File.exists?("#{prefix}/mult/install.rb")).to be_truthy
+        expect(File.exists?("#{prefix}/mult/copy.rb")).to be_truthy
+
+        result = run_rscons(rsconscript: "install.rb", op: %W[install])
+        expect(result.stderr).to eq ""
+        expect(result.stdout).to eq ""
+      end
+    end
+
+    it "does not install when only a build is performed" do
+      test_dir "typical"
+
+      Dir.mktmpdir do |prefix|
+        result = run_rscons(rsconscript: "install.rb", op: %W[configure --prefix=#{prefix}])
+        expect(result.stderr).to eq ""
+
+        result = run_rscons(rsconscript: "install.rb", op: %W[build])
+        expect(result.stderr).to eq ""
+        expect(result.stdout).to_not match /Install/
+        expect(Dir.entries(prefix)).to match_array %w[. ..]
+
+        result = run_rscons(rsconscript: "install.rb", op: %W[install])
+        expect(result.stderr).to eq ""
+        expect(result.stdout).to match /Install/
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "uninstall operation" do
+    it "removes installed files but not built files" do
+      test_dir "typical"
+
+      Dir.mktmpdir do |prefix|
+        result = run_rscons(rsconscript: "install.rb", op: %W[configure --prefix=#{prefix}])
+        expect(result.stderr).to eq ""
+
+        result = run_rscons(rsconscript: "install.rb", op: %W[install])
+        expect(result.stderr).to eq ""
+        expect(File.exists?("#{prefix}/bin/program.exe")).to be_truthy
+        expect(File.exists?("build/e.1/src/one/one.o")).to be_truthy
+
+        result = run_rscons(rsconscript: "install.rb", op: %W[uninstall])
+        expect(result.stderr).to eq ""
+        expect(File.exists?("#{prefix}/bin/program.exe")).to be_falsey
+        expect(File.exists?("build/e.1/src/one/one.o")).to be_truthy
+        expect(Dir.entries(prefix)).to match_array %w[. ..]
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
 end