Store PCI device mapped memory ranges

This helps to avoid name clashes when breaking up modules into packages.

src/fontgen/fontgen.c

@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ static void generate(const char * d_file_name)
     fprintf(fh, "    int baseline_offset;\n");
     fprintf(fh, "    const CharInfo[] chars;\n");
     fprintf(fh, "};\n");
-    fprintf(fh, "__gshared const FontInfo kfont = {\n");
+    fprintf(fh, "__gshared const FontInfo Kfont = {\n");
     fprintf(fh, "    %du,\n", line_height);
     fprintf(fh, "    %du,\n", max_advance);
     fprintf(fh, "    %d,\n", baseline_offset);

src/hulk/acpi.d

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import hulk.hurl;
 import hulk.klog;
 import hulk.memory;
 
-struct acpi
+struct Acpi
 {
     enum uint APIC_SIGNATURE = 0x43495041u;
     enum uint XSDT_SIGNATURE = 0x54445358u;
@@ -58,34 +58,40 @@ struct acpi
     public static void initialize(ulong acpi_xsdt_phys)
     {
         /* Map the XSDT header. */
-        hurl.identity_map_range(acpi_xsdt_phys, Xsdt.sizeof, 0u);
+        Hurl.identity_map_range(acpi_xsdt_phys, Xsdt.sizeof, 0u);
         const(Xsdt) * xsdt = cast(const(Xsdt) *)acpi_xsdt_phys;
         if (xsdt.header.signature != XSDT_SIGNATURE)
         {
-            klog.writef("XSDT signature invalid\n");
+            Klog.writef("XSDT signature invalid\n");
             return;
         }
         /* Map the entire XSDT. */
-        hurl.identity_map_range(acpi_xsdt_phys, xsdt.header.length, 0u);
+        Hurl.identity_map_range(acpi_xsdt_phys, xsdt.header.length, 0u);
         size_t n_entries = (xsdt.header.length - xsdt.header.sizeof) / xsdt.tables[0].sizeof;
         for (size_t i = 0u; i < n_entries; i++)
         {
             ulong address = xsdt.tables[i];
-            hurl.identity_map_range(address, 4u, 0u);
+            Hurl.identity_map_range(address, 4u, 0u);
             uint signature = *cast(const(uint) *)address;
             if (signature == APIC_SIGNATURE)
             {
                 parse_apic_table(address);
             }
+            Klog.writefln("Found ACPI table %08x (%c%c%c%c)",
+                    signature,
+                    signature & 0xFFu,
+                    (signature >> 8u) & 0xFFu,
+                    (signature >> 16u) & 0xFFu,
+                    (signature >> 24u) & 0xFFu);
         }
     }
 
     private static parse_apic_table(ulong address)
     {
         const(MadtHeader) * madt_header = cast(const(MadtHeader) *)address;
-        hurl.identity_map_range(address, madt_header.length, 0u);
+        Hurl.identity_map_range(address, madt_header.length, 0u);
         apic_address = madt_header.local_apic_address;
-        klog.writefln("Found 32-bit APIC address: 0x%x", apic_address);
+        Klog.writefln("Found 32-bit APIC address: 0x%x", apic_address);
         const(void) * madt_end = cast(const(void) *)(address + madt_header.length);
         const(MadtEntry) * madt_entry = cast(const(MadtEntry) *)(address + 0x2Cu);
         while (madt_entry < madt_end)
@@ -95,7 +101,7 @@ struct acpi
             {
                 /* Found a 64-bit Local APIC Address Override entry. */
                 memcpy(cast(void *)&apic_address, cast(const(void) *)madt_entry + 4u, 8u);
-                klog.writefln("Found 64-bit APIC address: 0x%x", apic_address);
+                Klog.writefln("Found 64-bit APIC address: 0x%x", apic_address);
             }
         }
     }

src/hulk/apic.d

@@ -7,11 +7,14 @@ import hulk.klog;
 import hulk.hurl;
 import hulk.acpi;
 import hulk.idt;
+import hulk.rtc;
 
-struct apic
+struct Apic
 {
     private enum uint PERIODIC_MODE = 0x2_0000u;
 
+    private enum ulong IRQ_RTC = 8u;
+
     static struct ApicRegister
     {
         public uint value;
@@ -63,23 +66,22 @@ struct apic
 
     public static void initialize()
     {
-        apic_registers = cast(ApicRegisters *)acpi.apic_address;
+        apic_registers = cast(ApicRegisters *)Acpi.apic_address;
         io_apic_registers = cast(IoApicRegisters *)0xFEC0_0000u;
-        hurl.map(cast(ulong)apic_registers, cast(ulong)apic_registers,
+        Hurl.map(cast(ulong)apic_registers, cast(ulong)apic_registers,
                 PT_WRITABLE | PT_WRITE_THROUGH | PT_DISABLE_CACHE | PT_NO_EXECUTE);
-        hurl.map(cast(ulong)io_apic_registers, cast(ulong)io_apic_registers,
+        Hurl.map(cast(ulong)io_apic_registers, cast(ulong)io_apic_registers,
                 PT_WRITABLE | PT_WRITE_THROUGH | PT_DISABLE_CACHE | PT_NO_EXECUTE);
-        klog.writefln("LAPIC ID: 0x%08x", apic_registers.lapic_id.value);
-        klog.writefln("LAPIC version: 0x%08x", apic_registers.lapic_version.value);
+        Klog.writefln("LAPIC ID: 0x%08x", apic_registers.lapic_id.value);
+        Klog.writefln("LAPIC version: 0x%08x", apic_registers.lapic_version.value);
         /* Enable local APIC to receive interrupts and set spurious interrupt
          * vector to 0xFF. */
-        apic_registers.spurious_interrupt_vector.value = 0x1FFu;
-//        apic_registers.lvt_timer.value = idt.INT_LAPIC_TIMER | PERIODIC_MODE;
-        apic_registers.lvt_timer.value = idt.INT_LAPIC_TIMER;
-        apic_registers.lvt_lint[0].value = idt.INT_LAPIC_LINT0;
-        apic_registers.lvt_lint[1].value = idt.INT_LAPIC_LINT1;
-//        apic_registers.divide_configuration.value = 3u;
-        configure_io_apic_irq(8u, 0x48u);
+        apic_registers.spurious_interrupt_vector.value = 0x100u | Idt.INT_APIC_SPURIOUS;
+        apic_registers.lvt_timer.value = Idt.INT_APIC_TIMER;
+        apic_registers.lvt_lint[0].value = Idt.INT_APIC_LINT0;
+        apic_registers.lvt_lint[1].value = Idt.INT_APIC_LINT1;
+        /* Enable RTC interrupt. */
+        configure_io_apic_irq(IRQ_RTC, Idt.INT_APIC_BASE + IRQ_RTC);
     }
 
     private static void configure_io_apic_irq(size_t io_apic_irq, size_t interrupt_id)
@@ -98,7 +100,15 @@ struct apic
 
     public static void isr(ulong vector)
     {
-        klog.writefln("APIC ISR 0x%x", vector);
+        switch (vector)
+        {
+        case Idt.INT_APIC_BASE + IRQ_RTC:
+            Rtc.isr();
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            break;
+        }
         eoi();
     }
 }

src/hulk/console.d

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ module hulk.console;
 import hulk.fb;
 import hulk.kfont;
 
-struct console
+struct Console
 {
     /** Console width in text columns. */
     private static __gshared size_t m_width;
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ struct console
      */
     public static void initialize()
     {
-        m_width = fb.width / kfont.advance;
-        m_height = fb.height / kfont.line_height;
+        m_width = Fb.width / Kfont.advance;
+        m_height = Fb.height / Kfont.line_height;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ struct console
      */
     public static void clear()
     {
-        fb.clear();
+        Fb.clear();
         m_x = 0u;
         m_y = 0u;
     }
@@ -64,10 +64,10 @@ struct console
         if (m_y == m_height)
         {
             m_y--;
-            fb.copy_rows_up(fb_y(m_height - 1u),
-                    (m_height - 1u) * kfont.line_height,
-                    kfont.line_height);
-            fb.rect(0u, fb_y(m_height - 1u), fb_x(m_width), kfont.line_height, 0u);
+            Fb.copy_rows_up(fb_y(m_height - 1u),
+                    (m_height - 1u) * Kfont.line_height,
+                    Kfont.line_height);
+            Fb.rect(0u, fb_y(m_height - 1u), fb_x(m_width), Kfont.line_height, 0u);
         }
     }
 
@@ -80,8 +80,8 @@ struct console
      */
     private static void render_char(size_t x, size_t y, char ch)
     {
-        const(CharInfo) * ci = &kfont.chars[ch];
-        fb.blit_alpha_bitmap(fb_x(x) + ci.left, fb_y(y) + ci.top - ci.height, ci.bitmap, ci.width, ci.height);
+        const(CharInfo) * ci = &Kfont.chars[ch];
+        Fb.blit_alpha_bitmap(fb_x(x) + ci.left, fb_y(y) + ci.top - ci.height, ci.bitmap, ci.width, ci.height);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ struct console
      */
     private static size_t fb_x(size_t x)
     {
-        return x * kfont.advance;
+        return x * Kfont.advance;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -97,6 +97,6 @@ struct console
      */
     private static size_t fb_y(size_t y)
     {
-        return fb.height - ((y + 1u) * kfont.line_height);
+        return Fb.height - ((y + 1u) * Kfont.line_height);
     }
 }

src/hulk/cpu.d

@@ -221,9 +221,9 @@ ushort in16(ushort ioaddr)
     return __asm!ushort("inw %dx, %ax", "={ax},{dx}", ioaddr);
 }
 
-ulong in32(ushort ioaddr)
+uint in32(ushort ioaddr)
 {
-    return __asm!ulong("inl %dx, %eax", "={eax},{dx}", ioaddr);
+    return __asm!uint("inl %dx, %eax", "={eax},{dx}", ioaddr);
 }
 
 void out8(ushort ioaddr, ubyte v)
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ void out16(ushort ioaddr, ushort v)
     __asm("outw %ax, %dx", "{dx},{ax}", ioaddr, v);
 }
 
-void out32(ushort ioaddr, ulong v)
+void out32(ushort ioaddr, uint v)
 {
     __asm("outl %eax, %dx", "{dx},{eax}", ioaddr, v);
 }

src/hulk/fb.d

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import hulk.kfont;
  *
  * TODO: Handle other pixel formats. Currently only BGRx is supported.
  */
-struct fb
+struct Fb
 {
     /** Device frame buffer base address. */
     private __gshared static uint * m_device_buffer;
@@ -141,8 +141,8 @@ struct fb
      */
     static void character(int x, int y, char ch, uint color)
     {
-        const(CharInfo) * ci = &kfont.chars[ch];
-        blend_alpha_bitmap(x + ci.left, y + kfont.baseline_offset + ci.top - ci.height, ci.bitmap, ci.width, ci.height, color);
+        const(CharInfo) * ci = &Kfont.chars[ch];
+        blend_alpha_bitmap(x + ci.left, y + Kfont.baseline_offset + ci.top - ci.height, ci.bitmap, ci.width, ci.height, color);
     }
 
     /**

src/hulk/gdt.d

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ module hulk.gdt;
 
 import ldc.llvmasm;
 
-struct gdt
+struct Gdt
 {
     struct gdtr_t
     {

src/hulk/hippo.d

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
  */
 module hulk.hippo;
 
-struct hippo
+struct Hippo
 {
     /**
      * Linked list node entry for a physical page.

src/hulk/hulk.d

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ import hulk.pic;
 import hulk.acpi;
 import hulk.apic;
 import hulk.rtc;
-import hulk.pit;
 
 extern extern(C) __gshared ubyte _hulk_bss_size;
 
@@ -30,9 +29,9 @@ private __gshared HulkHeader hulk_header = {
     &_hulk_bss_size, /* hulk_bss_size */
     &hulk_start, /* entry */
     16u * 1024u, /* stack_size */
-    HULK_VIRTUAL_BASE_ADDRESS, /* virt_base */
-    HULK_VIRTUAL_STACK_TOP_ADDRESS, /* virt_stack_top */
-    HULK_VIRTUAL_FRAMEBUFFER_ADDRESS, /* virt_fb_buffer */
+    Hurl.HULK_BASE, /* virt_base */
+    Hurl.HULK_STACK_TOP, /* virt_stack_top */
+    Hurl.HULK_FRAMEBUFFER, /* virt_fb_buffer */
 };
 
 private void initialize_cpu()
@@ -57,26 +56,25 @@ void hulk_start()
 {
     cli();
     initialize_cpu();
-    gdt.initialize();
-    idt.initialize();
-    fb.initialize(cast(uint *)HULK_VIRTUAL_FRAMEBUFFER_ADDRESS,
+    Gdt.initialize();
+    Idt.initialize();
+    Fb.initialize(cast(uint *)Hurl.HULK_FRAMEBUFFER,
             cast(uint *)hulk_header.bootinfo.fb_buffer1_phys,
             hulk_header.bootinfo.fb.width,
             hulk_header.bootinfo.fb.height,
             hulk_header.bootinfo.fb.stride);
-    console.initialize();
-    console.clear();
-    klog.initialize();
+    Console.initialize();
+    Console.clear();
+    Klog.initialize();
 
-    klog.writefln("Welcome to HULK, the HOS UltraLight Kernel!");
+    Klog.writefln("Welcome to HULK, the HOS UltraLight Kernel!");
 
-    hurl.initialize(&hulk_header);
-    pci.initialize();
-    pic.initialize();
-    acpi.initialize(hulk_header.bootinfo.acpi_xsdt_phys);
-    apic.initialize();
-    rtc.initialize();
-    pit.initialize();
+    Hurl.initialize(&hulk_header);
+    Pci.initialize();
+    Pic.initialize();
+    Acpi.initialize(hulk_header.bootinfo.acpi_xsdt_phys);
+    Apic.initialize();
+    Rtc.initialize();
     sti();
 
     for (;;)

src/hulk/hurl/a1.d

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/**
+ * A1 memory allocator.
+ */
+module hulk.hurl.a1;
+
+import hulk.hurl;
+import hulk.hippo;
+import hulk.util;
+import hulk.pagetable;
+
+/**
+ * The A1 memory allocator is a one-shot memory allocator for kernel memory
+ * that is allocated but never freed.
+ */
+struct A1
+{
+    /**
+     * Number of bytes allocated in the A1 region so far.
+     */
+    private static __gshared size_t allocated;
+
+    /**
+     * Allocate memory.
+     *
+     * @param size
+     *   Size of memory to allocate.
+     *
+     * @return Address of allocated memory. This address will always be aligned
+     *   to a multiple of 16 bytes.
+     */
+    public static void * allocate(size_t size)
+    {
+        /* Round size up to a multiple of 16. */
+        size = round_up_power_2(size, 16u);
+
+        ulong address = Hurl.A1_BASE + allocated;
+
+        ulong current_limit = round_up_power_2(address, PAGE_SIZE);
+
+        allocated += size;
+
+        ulong desired_limit = round_up_power_2(Hurl.A1_BASE + allocated, PAGE_SIZE);
+
+        while (desired_limit > current_limit)
+        {
+            void * page = Hippo.allocate_page();
+            Hurl.map(current_limit, page, PT_WRITABLE);
+            current_limit += PAGE_SIZE;
+        }
+
+        return cast(void *)address;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Allocate memory to store an instance of a given type.
+     *
+     * @return Address of allocated memory. This address will always be aligned
+     *   to a multiple of 16 bytes.
+     */
+    public static T * allocate(T)()
+    {
+        return cast(T *)allocate(T.sizeof);
+    }
+}

src/hulk/hurl/hurl.d

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  *
  * HURL provides virtual memory management for HULK.
  */
-module hulk.hurl;
+module hulk.hurl.hurl;
 
 public import hulk.pagetable;
 import hulk.cpu;
@@ -13,18 +13,22 @@ import hulk.klog;
 import hulk.bootinfo;
 import hulk.header;
 import hulk.linker_addresses;
+import hulk.util;
 
-/** HULK virtual base address. */
-enum ulong HULK_VIRTUAL_BASE_ADDRESS = 0xFFFF_8000_0000_0000u;
-
-/** HULK virtual stack top address. */
-enum ulong HULK_VIRTUAL_STACK_TOP_ADDRESS = 0xFFFF_A000_0000_0000u;
-
-/** HULK virtual framebuffer address. */
-enum ulong HULK_VIRTUAL_FRAMEBUFFER_ADDRESS = 0xFFFF_A000_0000_0000u;
-
-struct hurl
+struct Hurl
 {
+    /** HULK base address. */
+    enum ulong HULK_BASE = 0xFFFF_8000_0000_0000u;
+
+    /** HULK stack top address. */
+    enum ulong HULK_STACK_TOP = 0xFFFF_8001_0000_0000u;
+
+    /** HULK framebuffer address. */
+    enum ulong HULK_FRAMEBUFFER = 0xFFFF_8001_0000_0000u;
+
+    /** A1 allocator range base address. */
+    enum ulong A1_BASE = 0xFFFF_8002_0000_0000u;
+
     /**
      * Pointer to the base page table.
      */
@@ -45,7 +49,7 @@ struct hurl
                 physical_address_limit,
                 PT_WRITABLE | PT_NO_EXECUTE);
         ulong phys_address = header.bootinfo.hulk_phys;
-        ulong virt_address = HULK_VIRTUAL_BASE_ADDRESS;
+        ulong virt_address = HULK_BASE;
         /* Map HULK header region. */
         map_range(virt_address,
                 phys_address,
@@ -79,12 +83,12 @@ struct hurl
                 LinkerAddresses.hulk_bss_size,
                 PT_WRITABLE | PT_NO_EXECUTE);
         /* Map HULK stack. */
-        map_range(HULK_VIRTUAL_STACK_TOP_ADDRESS - header.stack_size,
+        map_range(HULK_STACK_TOP - header.stack_size,
                 header.bootinfo.stack_phys,
                 header.stack_size,
                 PT_WRITABLE | PT_NO_EXECUTE);
         /* Map device framebuffer. */
-        map_range(HULK_VIRTUAL_FRAMEBUFFER_ADDRESS,
+        map_range(HULK_FRAMEBUFFER,
                 cast(ulong)header.bootinfo.fb.buffer,
                 header.bootinfo.fb.height * header.bootinfo.fb.stride * 4u,
                 PT_WRITABLE | PT_NO_EXECUTE);
@@ -121,7 +125,7 @@ struct hurl
                 reclaimed_pages += reclaim_bootloader_page_table_pages(pte.follow(), level + 1u);
             }
         }
-        hippo.free_page(pt);
+        Hippo.free_page(pt);
         reclaimed_pages++;
         return reclaimed_pages;
     }
@@ -152,7 +156,7 @@ struct hurl
          */
         size_t usable_memory;
         size_t physical_address_limit;
-        const(size_t) fb_size = (header.bootinfo.fb.height * header.bootinfo.fb.stride * 4u + PAGE_SIZE - 1u) & ~(PAGE_SIZE - 1u);
+        const(size_t) fb_size = round_up_power_2(header.bootinfo.fb.height * header.bootinfo.fb.stride * 4u, PAGE_SIZE);
         ulong[2][2] reserved = [
             [header.bootinfo.hulk_phys, LinkerAddresses.hulk_binary_size],
             [cast(ulong)header.bootinfo.fb.buffer, fb_size],
@@ -186,7 +190,7 @@ struct hurl
                     }
                     if (!is_reserved)
                     {
-                        hippo.free_page(phys);
+                        Hippo.free_page(phys);
                     }
                     phys += PAGE_SIZE;
                 }
@@ -213,11 +217,11 @@ struct hurl
         usable_memory += LinkerAddresses.hulk_bss_size;
         usable_memory += header.stack_size;
         usable_memory += fb_size;
-        klog.writefln("Usable memory: %uKB", usable_memory >> 10u);
-        klog.writefln("Kernel size: %uKB", (LinkerAddresses.hulk_binary_size + LinkerAddresses.hulk_bss_size + header.stack_size) >> 10u);
+        Klog.writefln("Usable memory: %uKB", usable_memory >> 10u);
+        Klog.writefln("Kernel size: %uKB", (LinkerAddresses.hulk_binary_size + LinkerAddresses.hulk_bss_size + header.stack_size) >> 10u);
     }
 
-    public static void map(T, U)(T virtual, U physical, ulong flags)
+    public static void map(ulong virtual, ulong physical, ulong flags)
     {
         PageTable * pt = m_pt_base;
         for (size_t level = 0; level < 4u; level++)
@@ -244,7 +248,12 @@ struct hurl
         }
     }
 
-    public static void map_range(size_t virtual, size_t physical, size_t length, ulong flags)
+    public static void map(T, U)(T virtual, U physical, ulong flags)
+    {
+        map(cast(ulong)virtual, cast(ulong)physical, flags);
+    }
+
+    public static void map_range(ulong virtual, ulong physical, size_t length, ulong flags)
     {
         size_t end = virtual + length;
         while (virtual < end)
@@ -255,23 +264,33 @@ struct hurl
         }
     }
 
-    public static void identity_map_range(size_t address, size_t length, ulong flags)
+    public static void map_range(T, U)(T virtual, U physical, size_t length, ulong flags)
+    {
+        map_range(cast(ulong)virtual, cast(ulong)physical, length, flags);
+    }
+
+    public static void identity_map_range(ulong address, size_t length, ulong flags)
     {
         size_t end = address + length;
-        for (size_t page = address & ~0xFFFu; page < end; page += PAGE_SIZE)
+        for (size_t page = address & 0xFFFF_FFFF_FFFF_F000u; page < end; page += PAGE_SIZE)
         {
             map(page, page, flags);
         }
     }
 
+    public static void identity_map_range(T)(T address, size_t length, ulong flags)
+    {
+        identity_map_range(cast(ulong)address, length, flags);
+    }
+
     public static void debug_lookup(void * address)
     {
-        klog.writefln("Debugging page table lookup of 0x%x", address);
+        Klog.writefln("Debugging page table lookup of 0x%x", address);
         PageTable * pt = m_pt_base;
         for (size_t level = 0; level < 4u; level++)
         {
             PageTableEntry pte = *pt.entry(address, level);
-            klog.writefln("Level %u, index %u, entry = 0x%x", level, pt.index(address, level), pte);
+            Klog.writefln("Level %u, index %u, entry = 0x%x", level, pt.index(address, level), pte);
             if (pte.present)
             {
                 pt = pte.follow();
@@ -289,7 +308,7 @@ struct hurl
 
     private static PageTable * allocate_pt()
     {
-        PageTable * pt = cast(PageTable *)hippo.allocate_page();
+        PageTable * pt = cast(PageTable *)Hippo.allocate_page();
         memset64(pt, 0u, PAGE_SIZE / 8u);
         return pt;
     }

src/hulk/hurl/package.d

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+module hulk.hurl;
+
+public import hulk.hurl.hurl;

src/hulk/idt.d

@@ -9,16 +9,17 @@ import hulk.fb;
 import hulk.console;
 import hulk.klog;
 import hulk.apic;
-import hulk.rtc;
 
-struct idt
+struct Idt
 {
     /* The I/O APIC is configured to map IRQ 0 to interrupt 64 (0x40). */
-    public static enum ulong INT_RTC = 0x48u; /* IRQ 8 */
+    public static enum ulong INT_APIC_BASE = 0x40u; /* IRQ 0 */
+    public static enum ulong INT_APIC_COUNT = 24u;
 
-    public static enum ulong INT_LAPIC_TIMER = 0x70u;
-    public static enum ulong INT_LAPIC_LINT0 = 0x71u;
-    public static enum ulong INT_LAPIC_LINT1 = 0x72u;
+    public static enum ulong INT_APIC_TIMER = 0x70u;
+    public static enum ulong INT_APIC_LINT0 = 0x71u;
+    public static enum ulong INT_APIC_LINT1 = 0x72u;
+    public static enum ulong INT_APIC_SPURIOUS = 0xFFu;
 
     struct idtr_t
     {
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ struct idt
             ((offset & 0xFFFF_0000u) << 32u) |
             (dpl << 45u) |
             ((trap ? 1uL : 0uL) << 40u) |
-            (gdt.SELECTOR_KERNEL_CODE << 16u) |
+            (Gdt.SELECTOR_KERNEL_CODE << 16u) |
             (offset & 0xFFFFu);
         idt[index][1] = offset >> 32u;
     }
@@ -103,26 +104,30 @@ struct idt
 
 public extern(C) void isr(ulong vector, ulong arg)
 {
-    switch (vector)
+    if ((vector >= Idt.INT_APIC_BASE) && (vector < (Idt.INT_APIC_BASE + Idt.INT_APIC_COUNT)))
     {
-    case idt.INT_RTC:
-        rtc.isr();
-        break;
-
-    case idt.INT_LAPIC_TIMER:
-    case idt.INT_LAPIC_LINT0:
-    case idt.INT_LAPIC_LINT1:
-        apic.isr(vector);
-        break;
-
-    default:
-        console.clear();
-        fb.clear(0xFF8000u);
-        klog.writefln("ISR %u, 0x%x", vector, arg);
-        __asm("cli", "");
-        for (;;)
+        Apic.isr(vector);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        switch (vector)
         {
-            __asm("hlt", "");
+        case Idt.INT_APIC_TIMER:
+        case Idt.INT_APIC_LINT0:
+        case Idt.INT_APIC_LINT1:
+        case Idt.INT_APIC_SPURIOUS:
+            Apic.isr(vector);
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            Console.clear();
+            Fb.clear(0xFF8000u);
+            Klog.writefln("ISR %u, 0x%x", vector, arg);
+            __asm("cli", "");
+            for (;;)
+            {
+                __asm("hlt", "");
+            }
         }
     }
 }

src/hulk/klog.d

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import core.stdc.stdarg;
 import hulk.console;
 static import hulk.writef;
 
-struct klog
+struct Klog
 {
     /**
      * Kernel buffer size log.
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ struct klog
     public static void writef(string s, va_list args)
     {
         hulk.writef.writef(s, args, function void(ubyte ch) {
-                    console.write(ch);
+                    Console.write(ch);
                 });
     }
 

src/hulk/mtrr.d

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ enum ulong MTRRPHYSBASE_TYPE_MASK = 0xFFu;
 enum ulong MTRRPHYSMASK_PHYSMASK_MASK = 0x000F_FFFF_FFFF_F000u;
 enum ulong MTRRPHYSMASK_VALID = 0x800u;
 
-struct mtrr
+struct Mtrr
 {
     public static void initialize()
     {
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ struct mtrr
         cpuid1(&ebx, &ecx, &edx);
         if ((edx & CPUID_1_EDX_MTRR) == 0u)
         {
-            klog.writefln("CPU does not support MTRR");
+            Klog.writefln("CPU does not support MTRR");
             return;
         }
         const(ulong) mtrrcap = rdmsr(MSR_MTRRCAP);

src/hulk/pci.d

@@ -2,8 +2,11 @@ module hulk.pci;
 
 import hulk.cpu;
 import hulk.klog;
+import hulk.hurl;
+import hulk.hurl.a1;
+import hulk.range;
 
-struct pci
+struct Pci
 {
     /* IO address for PCI configuration address. */
     enum IO_ADDR_CONFIG_ADDRESS = 0xCF8u;
@@ -11,38 +14,185 @@ struct pci
     /* IO address for PCI configuration data. */
     enum IO_ADDR_CONFIG_DATA = 0xCFCu;
 
-    private static ulong read_config_register(ulong bus_id, ulong device_id, ulong register_id)
+    struct Address
     {
-        ulong addr = 0x8000_0000u | (bus_id << 16u) | (device_id << 11u) | (register_id << 2u);
-        out32(IO_ADDR_CONFIG_ADDRESS, addr);
+        /** Bus number (0-255). */
+        ubyte bus_nr;
+
+        /** Device number (0-31). */
+        ubyte device_nr;
+
+        /** Function number (0-7). */
+        ubyte function_nr;
+    }
+
+    struct Device
+    {
+        Address address;
+        ushort vendor_id;
+        ushort device_id;
+        ubyte class_id;
+        ubyte subclass_id;
+        ubyte if_id;
+        bool multifunction;
+        ubyte header_type;
+        Range[6] memory_ranges;
+
+        void initialize(Address address, ushort vendor_id, ushort device_id)
+        {
+            this.address = address;
+            this.vendor_id = vendor_id;
+            this.device_id = device_id;
+            uint reg2 = read_config_register(address, 2u);
+            class_id = (reg2 >> 24u) & 0xFFu;
+            subclass_id = (reg2 >> 16u) & 0xFFu;
+            if_id = (reg2 >> 8u) & 0xFFu;
+            Klog.writefln("Found PCI device %04x:%04x (%02x:%02x:%02x) at %02u:%02u.%u",
+                    vendor_id, device_id,
+                    class_id, subclass_id, if_id,
+                    address.bus_nr, address.device_nr, address.function_nr);
+            uint reg3 = read_config_register(address, 3u);
+            header_type = (reg3 >> 16u) & 0x7Fu;
+            multifunction = (address.function_nr == 0u) && ((reg3 & (1u << 23u)) != 0u);
+
+            if (header_type == 0u)
+            {
+                map_memory_regions();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void map_memory_regions()
+        {
+            size_t range_index;
+            uint[2] r;
+            uint[2] s;
+            for (uint reg_no = 4u; reg_no <= 9u; reg_no++)
+            {
+                /* Read the BAR. */
+                r[0] = read_config_register(address, reg_no);
+                /* Skip zeroed BARs. */
+                if (r[0] == 0u)
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                /* Skip I/O BARs. */
+                if ((r[0] & 1u) != 0u)
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                bool is_64bit;
+                uint bar_type = (r[0] >> 1u) & 0x3u;
+                if (bar_type == 0u)
+                {
+                    /* 32-bit region. */
+                    r[1] = 0u;
+                }
+                else if ((bar_type == 2u) && (reg_no < 9u))
+                {
+                    /* 64-bit region. */
+                    is_64bit = true;
+                    r[1] = read_config_register(address, reg_no + 1);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                /* Determine the region length. */
+                write_config_register(address, reg_no, 0xFFFF_FFFFu);
+                s[0] = read_config_register(address, reg_no);
+                write_config_register(address, reg_no, r[0]);
+                if (is_64bit)
+                {
+                    write_config_register(address, reg_no + 1, 0xFFFF_FFFFu);
+                    s[1] = read_config_register(address, reg_no + 1);
+                    write_config_register(address, reg_no + 1, r[1]);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    s[1] = 0xFFFF_FFFFu;
+                }
+                ulong mm_region_address = (cast(ulong)r[0] & 0xFFFF_FFF0u) | (cast(ulong)r[1] << 32u);
+                ulong length = ~((cast(ulong)s[0] & 0xFFFF_FFF0u) | (cast(ulong)s[1] << 32u)) + 1u;
+                ulong flags = (r[0] & 0x8) != 0u ? PT_WRITE_THROUGH : 0u;
+                Hurl.identity_map_range(mm_region_address, length, flags);
+                memory_ranges[range_index].address = mm_region_address;
+                memory_ranges[range_index].length = length;
+                range_index++;
+                if (is_64bit)
+                {
+                    reg_no++;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    struct SerialBusController
+    {
+        enum ID = 0x0Cu;
+
+        struct USBController
+        {
+            enum ID = 0x03u;
+
+            struct XHCIController
+            {
+                enum ID = 0x30u;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static uint read_config_register(Address address, uint register_id)
+    {
+        uint cfg_addr = 0x8000_0000u |
+            (address.bus_nr << 16u) |
+            (address.device_nr << 11u) |
+            (address.function_nr << 8u) |
+            (register_id << 2u);
+        out32(IO_ADDR_CONFIG_ADDRESS, cfg_addr);
         return in32(IO_ADDR_CONFIG_DATA);
     }
 
-    private static void scan(ulong bus_id, ulong device_id)
+    private static void write_config_register(Address address, uint register_id, uint value)
     {
-        ulong reg0 = read_config_register(bus_id, device_id, 0u);
+        uint cfg_addr = 0x8000_0000u |
+            (address.bus_nr << 16u) |
+            (address.device_nr << 11u) |
+            (address.function_nr << 8u) |
+            (register_id << 2u);
+        out32(IO_ADDR_CONFIG_ADDRESS, cfg_addr);
+        out32(IO_ADDR_CONFIG_DATA, value);
+    }
+
+    private static void scan(Address address)
+    {
+        ulong reg0 = read_config_register(address, 0u);
         if (reg0 != 0xFFFFFFFFu)
         {
-            ulong reg2 = read_config_register(bus_id, device_id, 2u);
-            klog.writefln("Found PCI device %04x:%04x (%02x:%02x:%02x) at %02u:%02u",
-                    (reg0 & 0xFFFFu), (reg0 >> 16u),
-                    (reg2 >> 24u) & 0xFFu,
-                    (reg2 >> 16u) & 0xFFu,
-                    (reg2 >> 8u) & 0xFFu,
-                    bus_id, device_id);
+            ushort vendor_id = reg0 & 0xFFFFu;
+            ushort device_id = (reg0 >> 16u) & 0xFFFFu;
+            Device * device = A1.allocate!Device();
+            device.initialize(address, vendor_id, device_id);
+            if (device.multifunction)
+            {
+                for (address.function_nr = 1u; address.function_nr < 8u; address.function_nr++)
+                {
+                    scan(address);
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
 
     public static void initialize()
     {
-        klog.writefln("Scanning PCI devices...");
-        for (ulong bus_id = 0u; bus_id < 256u; bus_id++)
+        Klog.writefln("Scanning PCI devices...");
+        for (uint bus_nr = 0u; bus_nr < 256u; bus_nr++)
         {
-            for (ulong device_id = 0u; device_id < 32u; device_id++)
+            for (ubyte device_nr = 0u; device_nr < 32u; device_nr++)
             {
-                scan(bus_id, device_id);
+                scan(Address(cast(ubyte)bus_nr, device_nr, 0u));
             }
         }
-        klog.writefln("PCI scan complete.");
+        Klog.writefln("PCI scan complete.");
     }
 }

src/hulk/pic.d

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ module hulk.pic;
 
 import hulk.cpu;
 
-struct pic
+struct Pic
 {
     public static void initialize()
     {

src/hulk/pit.d

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ module hulk.pit;
 import hulk.cpu;
 import hulk.klog;
 
-struct pit
+struct Pit
 {
     /** PIT input frequency in 1/1000 Hz. */
     private enum ulong PIT_FREQUENCY_1000HZ = 1_193_181_667u;
@@ -37,6 +37,6 @@ struct pit
 
     public static void isr()
     {
-        klog.writefln("PIT ISR");
+        Klog.writefln("PIT ISR");
     }
 }

src/hulk/range.d

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+module hulk.range;
+
+/**
+ * Representation of a memory range.
+ */
+struct Range
+{
+    /** Range base address. */
+    void * _address;
+
+    /** Range length. */
+    size_t length;
+
+    /** Set the range address. */
+    @property void * address(T)(T a)
+    {
+        static assert(T.sizeof == size_t.sizeof);
+        _address = cast(void *)a;
+        return _address;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the range address. */
+    @property void * address()
+    {
+        return _address;
+    }
+}

src/hulk/rtc.d

@@ -5,41 +5,77 @@ module hulk.rtc;
 
 import hulk.cpu;
 import hulk.klog;
-import hulk.apic;
 
-struct rtc
+struct Rtc
 {
     private enum ubyte PORT_SELECT = 0x70u;
     private enum ubyte PORT_DATA = 0x71u;
 
     private enum ubyte DISABLE_NMI = 0x80u;
 
-    private enum ubyte SR_A = 0xAu;
-    private enum ubyte SR_B = 0xBu;
-    private enum ubyte SR_C = 0xCu;
+    private enum ubyte REG_RTC_SECONDS = 0x0u;
+    private enum ubyte REG_RTC_MINUTES = 0x2u;
+    private enum ubyte REG_RTC_HOURS = 0x4u;
+    private enum ubyte REG_RTC_DAY = 0x7u;
+    private enum ubyte REG_RTC_MONTH = 0x8u;
+    private enum ubyte REG_RTC_YEAR = 0x9u;
+    private enum ubyte REG_SR_A = 0xAu;
+    private enum ubyte REG_SR_B = 0xBu;
+    private enum ubyte REG_SR_C = 0xCu;
 
+    private enum ubyte SR_A_RTC_UPDATE_IN_PROGRESS = 0x80u;
+    private enum ubyte SR_B_24HOUR = 0x02u;
+    private enum ubyte SR_B_BINARY = 0x04u;
     private enum ubyte SR_B_ENABLE_IRQ = 0x40u;
 
+    private static __gshared bool rtc_24hour_mode;
+    private static __gshared bool rtc_binary_mode;
+
+    static struct time
+    {
+        public ubyte year;
+        public ubyte month;
+        public ubyte day;
+        public ubyte hour;
+        public ubyte minute;
+        public ubyte second;
+    }
+
     public static void initialize()
     {
         /* Enable IRQ 8 to receive RTC interrupts. */
-        out8(PORT_SELECT, DISABLE_NMI | SR_B);
-        ubyte sr_b = in8(PORT_DATA);
-        out8(PORT_SELECT, DISABLE_NMI | SR_B);
-        out8(PORT_DATA, sr_b | SR_B_ENABLE_IRQ);
+        ubyte sr_b = read_register(REG_SR_B, true);
+        write_register(REG_SR_B, sr_b | SR_B_ENABLE_IRQ, true);
 
-        out8(PORT_SELECT, DISABLE_NMI | SR_A);
-        klog.writefln("SR_A = 0x%x", in8(PORT_DATA));
+        /* Record RTC mode flags from status register B. */
+        rtc_24hour_mode = (sr_b & SR_B_24HOUR) != 0u;
+        rtc_binary_mode = (sr_b & SR_B_BINARY) != 0u;
+
+        /* Read the current system time. */
+        time t = read_rtc_time();
+        Klog.writefln("System time is 20%02u-%02u-%02u %02u:%02u:%02u",
+                t.year, t.month, t.day, t.hour, t.minute, t.second);
 
         /* Send EOI to enable more RTC interrupts and re-enable NMIs. */
         eoi();
     }
 
+    private static ubyte read_register(ubyte register, bool disable_nmi = false)
+    {
+        out8(PORT_SELECT, register | (disable_nmi ? DISABLE_NMI : 0u));
+        return in8(PORT_DATA);
+    }
+
+    private static void write_register(ubyte register, ubyte value, bool disable_nmi = false)
+    {
+        out8(PORT_SELECT, register | (disable_nmi ? DISABLE_NMI : 0u));
+        out8(PORT_DATA, value);
+    }
+
     private static void eoi()
     {
         /* Read from status register C to clear the interrupt. */
-        out8(PORT_SELECT, SR_C);
-        in8(PORT_DATA);
+        read_register(REG_SR_C);
     }
 
     public static void isr()
@@ -50,9 +86,64 @@ struct rtc
         if ((count % 1024) == 0u)
         {
             seconds++;
-            klog.writefln("Seconds: %u", seconds);
         }
         eoi();
-        apic.eoi();
+    }
+
+    private static time read_rtc_time()
+    {
+        time[2] times;
+        size_t reads;
+        do
+        {
+            times[reads & 1] = read_rtc_time_unsafe();
+            reads++;
+        } while ((reads < 2u) || (times[0] != times[1]));
+        return times[0];
+    }
+
+    private static time read_rtc_time_unsafe()
+    {
+        time t;
+        while ((read_register(REG_SR_A) & SR_A_RTC_UPDATE_IN_PROGRESS) != 0u)
+        {
+        }
+        t.year = read_rtc_time_register(REG_RTC_YEAR);
+        t.month = read_rtc_time_register(REG_RTC_MONTH);
+        t.day = read_rtc_time_register(REG_RTC_DAY);
+        t.minute = read_rtc_time_register(REG_RTC_MINUTES);
+        t.second = read_rtc_time_register(REG_RTC_SECONDS);
+        /* Hour field is treated differently because it might have 'PM' flag
+         * in highest bit if we're in 24-hour mode. */
+        ubyte hour = read_register(REG_RTC_HOURS);
+        ubyte pm = hour >> 7u;
+        hour &= 0x7Fu;
+        if (!rtc_binary_mode)
+        {
+            /* Hour is in BCD format; convert to binary. */
+            hour = bcd_to_binary(hour);
+        }
+        if (!rtc_24hour_mode)
+        {
+            /* Hour is in 12-hour format; convert to 24-hour format. */
+            hour = cast(ubyte)((hour % 12u) + pm * 12u);
+        }
+        t.hour = hour;
+        return t;
+    }
+
+    private static ubyte read_rtc_time_register(ubyte register)
+    {
+        ubyte value = read_register(register);
+        if (!rtc_binary_mode)
+        {
+            value = bcd_to_binary(value);
+        }
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    private static ubyte bcd_to_binary(ubyte bcd)
+    {
+        return (bcd & 0xFu) + ((bcd & 0xF0u) >> 4u) * 10u;
     }
 }

src/hulk/util.d

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/**
+ * HULK utility functions.
+ */
+module hulk.util;
+
+/**
+ * Round a value up to the next power of 2.
+ *
+ * @param v Value to round up.
+ * @param p Power of 2 to round up to.
+ *
+ * @return Rounded up value.
+ */
+ulong round_up_power_2(ulong v, ulong p)
+{
+    return (v + p - 1u) & ~(p - 1u);
+}

src/hulk/writef.d

@@ -26,7 +26,15 @@ size_t writef(string s, va_list args, ch_out_fn ch_out)
     {
         if (escape)
         {
-            if (c == 'x')
+            if (c == 'c')
+            {
+                ulong ch;
+                va_arg(args, ch);
+                ch_out(cast(ubyte)ch);
+                length_written++;
+                escape = false;
+            }
+            else if (c == 'x')
             {
                 ulong v;
                 va_arg(args, v);