Turn off local APIC timer

This slowed down drawing to video in QEMU/VirtualBox but greatly sped up
doing so on real hardware (no longer reading from video memory).
Despite the speed-up, it is still quite slow though.

.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+.rscons*
+/x86_64-elf-gcc/
+/build/

.gitmodules

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+[submodule "uefi-d"]
+	path = uefi-d
+	url = git://github.com/kubasz/uefi-d

Functions.c

@@ -1,276 +0,0 @@
-//Functions.c
-//05/07/03 Josh Holtrop
-//for HOS
-//Modified: 10/30/03
-
-//Writes a byte out to a port
-inline void outportb(unsigned int port, unsigned char value)		// Output a byte to a port
-{
-    asm volatile ("outb %%al,%%dx"::"d" (port), "a" (value));
-};
-
-//Writes a word out to a port
-inline void outportw(unsigned int port, unsigned int value)		// Output a word to a port
-{
-    asm volatile ("outw %%ax,%%dx"::"d" (port), "a" (value));
-};
-
-//Reads a byte from a port
-inline byte inportb(unsigned short port)
-{
-	unsigned char ret_val;
-
-	asm volatile("inb %w1,%b0"
-		: "=a"(ret_val)
-		: "d"(port));
-	return ret_val;
-};
-
-//Enables (SeTs) Interrupt Flag on the processor
-inline void enable_ints()
-{
-	asm("sti");
-};
-
-//Disables (CLears) Interrupt Flag on the processor
-inline void disable_ints()
-{
-	asm("cli");
-};
-
-
-char *strcat(char *dest, char *src)
-{
-	strcpy(dest+strlen(dest), src);
-}
-
-
-//converts a binary-coded-decimal byte to its decimal equivalent
-inline byte bcd2byte(byte bcd)
-{
- 	return (10* ((bcd & 0xF0) >> 4)) + (bcd & 0x0F);
-}
-
-//converts a binary-coded-decimal byte to its decimal equivalent
-inline byte byte2bcd(byte bite)
-{
-	return ((bite / 10) << 4) | (bite % 10);
-}
-
-void	rtrim(char *str)
-{
-	str += strlen(str);	//now points to the null character at the end of the string
-	str--;
-	for (;;)
-	{
-		if ((*str == ' ') || (*str == '\t') || (*str == '\n'))
-			*str-- = 0;
-		else
-			break;
-	}
-}
-
-
-char	*ucase(char *str)
-{
-	char *ret = str;
-	for (;;)
-	{
-		if (*str == 0)
-			break;
-		if ((*str >= 'a') && (*str <= 'z'))
-			*str = (*str) - 32;
-		str++;
-	}
-	return ret;
-}
-
-
-char	*lcase(char *str)
-{
-	char *ret = str;
-	for (;;)
-	{
-		if (*str == 0)
-			break;
-		if ((*str >= 'A') && (*str <= 'Z'))
-			*str = (*str) + 32;
-		str++;
-	}
-	return ret;
-}
-
-
-//Re-maps the Programmable Interrupr Controllers so IRQ0->pic1 base address, IRG8->pic2 base address
-void remap_pics(int pic1, int pic2)
-{
-	byte	a1, a2;
-
-	a1 = inportb(PIC1_DATA);      //0x21
-	a2 = inportb(PIC2_DATA);      //0xA1
-
-	outportb(PIC1_COMMAND, ICW1_INIT+ICW1_ICW4);	//0x20, 0x10+0x01 00010001b
-	outportb(PIC2_COMMAND, ICW1_INIT+ICW1_ICW4);	//0xA0, 0x10+0x01 00010001b
-	outportb(PIC1_DATA, pic1);			//0x21, pic1
-	outportb(PIC2_DATA, pic2);			//0xA1, pic2
-	outportb(PIC1_DATA, 4);				//0x21, 0x04      00000100b
-	outportb(PIC2_DATA, 2);				//0xA1, 0x02      00000010b
-	outportb(PIC1_DATA, ICW4_8086);			//0x21, 0x01      00000001b
-	outportb(PIC2_DATA, ICW4_8086);			//0xA1, 0x01      00000001b
-
-	outportb(PIC1_DATA, a1);			//0x21
-	outportb(PIC2_DATA, a2);			//0xA1
-}
-
-//Masks interrupts on first Programmable Interrupt Controller
-inline void pic1_mask(byte mask)
-{
-	outportb(PIC1_DATA, mask);			//0x21, maskfield *OCW1*
-}
-
-//Masks interrupts on second Programmable Interrupt Controller
-inline void pic2_mask(byte mask)
-{
- 	outportb(PIC2_DATA, mask);			//0xA1, maskfield *OCW1*
-}
-
-//Restarts the computer
-inline void restart()
-{
- 	enable_ints();
- 	byte temp;
-	do
-	{
-		temp = inportb(0x64);
-		if (temp & 1)
-		inportb(0x60);
-	} while(temp & 2);
-
-
-	outportb (0x64, 0xfe);
-	for (;;)
-	{
-	}
-}
-
-//Halts (freezes) the computer
-inline void halt()
-{
- 	asm("cli");
- 	asm("hlt");
- 	while (1)
- 	;
-}
-
-//Initializes 8253 Programmable Interrupt Timer
-inline void init_timer()
-{
- 	//set timer : 2e9c = 100hz
-	outportb(0x43, 0x34);
-	outportb(0x40, 0x9c); //lsb
-	outportb(0x40, 0x2e); //msb
-}
-
-//Signals an End Of Interrupt signal to the first PIC
-inline void eoi()
-{
-	outportb(0x20, 0x20);
-}
-
-//Signals an End Of Interrupt signal to both the second and first PIC unit
-inline void eoi2()
-{
- 	outportb(0xA0, 0x20);
- 	outportb(0x20, 0x20);
-}
-
-//Returns the size of the kernel (code & data)
-// - this does not include the bss section
-// - this should be 4kb aligned per the linker script
-// - this should be the size of kernel.bin
-inline dword kernel_size()
-{
-	return (dword)(&_bss)-(dword)(&_code);
-}
-
-
-//These functions are for reading and writing various values stored on the CMOS Real Time Clock
-byte	rtc_readDay()
-{
-	outportb(0x70, 7);
-	return bcd2byte(inportb(0x71));
-}
-
-byte	rtc_readMonth()
-{
-	outportb(0x70, 8);
-	return bcd2byte(inportb(0x71));
-}
-
-byte	rtc_readYear()
-{
-	outportb(0x70, 9);
-	return bcd2byte(inportb(0x71));
-}
-
-byte	rtc_readSecond()
-{
-	outportb(0x70, 0);
-	return bcd2byte(inportb(0x71));
-}
-
-byte	rtc_readMinute()
-{
-	outportb(0x70, 2);
-	return bcd2byte(inportb(0x71));
-}
-
-byte	rtc_readHour()
-{
-	outportb(0x70, 4);
-	return bcd2byte(inportb(0x71));
-}
-
-void	rtc_setDay(byte day)
-{
-	outportb(0x70, 7);
-	outportb(0x71, byte2bcd(day));
-}
-
-void	rtc_setMonth(byte month)
-{
-	outportb(0x70, 8);
-	outportb(0x71, byte2bcd(month));
-}
-
-void	rtc_setYear(byte year)
-{
-	outportb(0x70, 9);
-	outportb(0x71, byte2bcd(year));
-}
-
-void	rtc_setSecond(byte second)
-{
-	outportb(0x70, 0);
-	outportb(0x71, byte2bcd(second));
-}
-
-void	rtc_setMinute(byte minute)
-{
-	outportb(0x70, 2);
-	outportb(0x71, byte2bcd(minute));
-}
-
-void	rtc_setHour(byte hour)
-{
-	outportb(0x70, 4);
-	outportb(0x71, byte2bcd(hour));
-}
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+# HOS System Requirements
+
+HOS requires:
+
+* A 64-bit CPU.
+* A UEFI system.
+* 128MB of RAM.
+
+# Building HOS
+
+From the top level of the repository, run:
+
+    ./rscons
+
+If you get errors about missing packages, install the packages and then re-run
+the build command.
+
+# Running HOS
+
+## Physical Machine
+
+To install HOS to an EFI partition, follow these steps:
+
+1. Copy build/hello/HOS.EFI to EFI partition EFI/HOS.EFI. For example, from Linux:
+
+    sudo cp build/hello/HOS.EFI /boot/efi/EFI/HOS.EFI
+
+2. Register EFI loader for HOS (one time only) with command:
+
+    efibootmgr -c -d /dev/nvme1n1 -p 2 -l '\EFI\HOS.EFI' -L HOS
+
+(Update the -d device parameter and -p partition parameter as appropriate)
+
+3. Set boot order to desired boot order. Exact order will be system dependent. Example:
+
+    efibootmgr -o 2,0,6,5
+
+At this point you should be able to boot HOS from your EFI boot selection menu.
+If you use GRUB, you can optionally create a GRUB boot entry to load HOS.EFI
+with an entry like this:
+
+    menuentry 'HOS' {
+      insmod part_gpt
+      insmod chain
+      set root='(hd0,gpt1)'
+      chainloader /EFI/HOS.EFI
+    }
+
+Just update the root setting for the correction location to your system's EFI
+partition.
+
+## VirtualBox
+
+To create a VM in VirtualBox:
+
+1. Build HOS ("./rscons").
+2. In VirtualBox, select Machine -> New.
+3. Set name to HOS.
+4. Set Type to Other.
+5. Set Version to Other/Unknown (64-bit).
+6. Click Next.
+7. Set memory size to 512 MB.
+8. Click Next.
+9. Select Do not add a virtual hard disk.
+10. Click Create.
+11. From the HOS repository, create a VirtualBox VMDK image with "./rscons mk-vmdk".
+12. Move the HOS.vmdk file generated to the HOS VirtualBox folder.
+13. In VirtualBox Manager, open HOS VM settings.
+14. Under System, check the Enable EFI checkbox.
+15. Under Storage, add a hard disk and browse to select the HOS.vmdk file.
+16. To run HOS, either start the VM through VirtualBox or with "./rscons run-vb".

Rsconscript

@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+require "tmpdir"
+
+project_name "HOS"
+path_prepend "x86_64-elf-gcc/bin"
+
+configure do
+  rscons "x86_64-elf-gcc.rb", "-b", "#{build_dir}/x86_64-elf-gcc"
+  check_d_compiler "ldc2", use: "ldc2"
+  check_c_compiler "x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc", use: "x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc"
+  check_c_compiler "x86_64-elf-gcc", use: "x86_64-elf-gcc"
+  check_c_compiler
+  check_program "mformat", on_fail: "Install the mtools package"
+  check_program "parted"
+  check_cfg package: "freetype2", on_fail: "Install libfreetype-dev", use: "freetype"
+  sh %w[git submodule update --init]
+end
+
+# Kernel default font size.
+KFONT_SIZE = 18
+
+# One kilobyte.
+KB = 1024
+
+# One megabyte.
+MB = 1024 * 1024
+
+class HulkBinObj < Builder
+  def run(options)
+    FileUtils.mkdir_p(File.dirname(@target))
+    File.write(@target, <<EOF)
+.section ".rodata"
+.balign 4096
+.global _hulk_bin_start
+_hulk_bin_start:
+.incbin "#{@sources.first}"
+.balign 4096
+.global _hulk_bin_end
+_hulk_bin_end:
+EOF
+    unless @cache.up_to_date?(@target, nil, @sources, @env)
+      print_run_message("Creating HULK binary object <target>#{@target}<reset>", nil)
+      @cache.register_build(@target, nil, @sources, @env)
+    end
+    true
+  end
+end
+
+# Create a GPT disk image with an EFI partition containing the EFI image.
+class Image < Builder
+  def run(options)
+    unless @cache.up_to_date?(@target, nil, @sources, @env)
+      print_run_message("Creating disk image <target>#{@target}<reset>", nil)
+      efi_image_size = File.stat(@sources.first).size
+      efi_image_size_mb = (efi_image_size + MB - 1) / MB
+      partition_size_mb = efi_image_size_mb + 1
+      empty_mb = "\0".b * MB
+      File.binwrite(@target, empty_mb * partition_size_mb)
+      system(*%W[mformat -i #{@target} ::])
+      system(*%W[mmd -i #{@target} ::/EFI])
+      system(*%W[mmd -i #{@target} ::/EFI/BOOT])
+      system(*%W[mcopy -i #{@target} #{@sources.first} ::/EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.EFI])
+      partition_contents = File.binread(@target)
+      disk_image = empty_mb + partition_contents + empty_mb
+      File.binwrite(@target, disk_image)
+      system(*%W[parted --script #{@target} mklabel gpt mkpart HOS fat32 1MiB #{partition_size_mb + 1}MiB])
+      @cache.register_build(@target, nil, @sources, @env)
+    end
+    true
+  end
+end
+
+class CheckThreadLocal < Builder
+  def run(options)
+    map_file = File.binread(@sources.first)
+    if map_file =~ /\.(tdata|tbss)\b/
+      $stderr.puts "Error: found thread-local data in #{@sources.first}"
+      false
+    else
+      true
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+class FontGen < Builder
+  def run(options)
+    if @command
+      finalize_command
+    else
+      fontgen = @vars["fontgen"]
+      @sources += [fontgen]
+      command = %W[#{fontgen} #{@sources.first} #{KFONT_SIZE} #{@target}]
+      standard_command("FontGen <target>#{@target}<reset>", command, {})
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+fontgen_env = env "fontgen", use: "freetype" do |env|
+  env.Program("^/fontgen", glob("src/fontgen/**/*.c"))
+end
+
+hulk_env = env "hulk", use: %w[ldc2 x86_64-elf-gcc] do |env|
+  env.add_builder(FontGen)
+  env.add_builder(CheckThreadLocal)
+  env.FontGen("^/src/hulk/kfont.d", "font/Hack-Regular.ttf",
+              "fontgen" => fontgen_env.expand("^/fontgen"))
+  env["sources"] = glob("src/hulk/**/*.d")
+  env["sources"] << "^/src/hulk/kfont.d"
+  cpu_attrs = %w[
+    -avx
+    -avx2
+    -avx512bf16
+    -avx512bitalg
+    -avx512bw
+    -avx512cd
+    -avx512dq
+    -avx512er
+    -avx512f
+    -avx512ifma
+    -avx512pf
+    -avx512vbmi
+    -avx512vbmi2
+    -avx512vl
+    -avx512vnni
+    -avx512vp2intersect
+    -avx512vpopcntdq
+    -sse
+    -sse-unaligned-mem
+    -sse2
+    -sse3
+    -sse4.1
+    -sse4.2
+    -sse4a
+    -ssse3
+  ]
+  env["DFLAGS"] += %W[-mtriple=x86_64-unknown-elf -mattr=#{cpu_attrs.join(",")} --betterC -release -O3 --wi --enable-cross-module-inlining -code-model=large]
+  env["D_IMPORT_PATH"] += %w[src]
+  env["D_IMPORT_PATH"] << env.expand("^/src")
+  env["LD"] = "x86_64-elf-gcc"
+  env["LDFLAGS"] += %w[-nostdlib -Tsrc/hulk/hulk.ld -Wl,-Map,${_TARGET}.map]
+  env["LDCMD"] = %w[${LD} -o ${_TARGET} ${LDFLAGS} ${_SOURCES} ${LIBDIRPREFIX}${LIBPATH} ${LIBLINKPREFIX}${LIBS}]
+  env["OBJDUMP"] = "x86_64-elf-objdump"
+  env["OBJCOPY"] = "x86_64-elf-objcopy"
+  env.Program("^/hulk.elf", "${sources}")
+  env.produces("^/hulk.elf", "^/hulk.elf.map")
+  env.CheckThreadLocal(:hulk_map_check, "^/hulk.elf.map")
+  env.depends("^/hulk.elf", "src/hulk/hulk.ld")
+  env["SIZE"] = "x86_64-elf-size"
+  env.Size("^/hulk.size", "^/hulk.elf")
+  env.Disassemble("^/hulk.txt", "^/hulk.elf")
+  env.Command("^/hulk.bin", "^/hulk.elf",
+              "CMD" => %W[${OBJCOPY} -O binary ${_SOURCES} ${_TARGET}],
+              "CMD_DESC" => "Convert ELF to binary:")
+  env.add_build_hook do |builder|
+    if builder.target.end_with?(".o")
+      env.Disassemble("#{builder.target}.txt", builder.target)
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+hello_env = env "hello", use: %w[ldc2 x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc] do |env|
+  env.add_builder(Image)
+  env.add_builder(CheckThreadLocal)
+  env.add_builder(HulkBinObj)
+  env["sources"] = glob("src/hello/**/*.d")
+  env["sources"] += glob("uefi-d/source/**/*.d")
+  env.HulkBinObj("^/hulk_bin.S", hulk_env.expand("^/hulk.bin"))
+  env.Object("^/hulk_bin.o", "^/hulk_bin.S")
+  env.depends("^/hulk_bin.o", hulk_env.expand("^/hulk.bin"))
+  env["sources"] << "^/hulk_bin.o"
+  env["DFLAGS"] += %w[-mtriple=x86_64-unknown-windows-coff --betterC -release -O3 --wi --enable-cross-module-inlining]
+  env["D_IMPORT_PATH"] += %w[src uefi-d/source]
+  env["LD"] = "x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc"
+  env["LDFLAGS"] += %w[-nostdlib -Wl,-dll -shared -Wl,--subsystem,10 -e efi_main -Wl,-Map,${_TARGET}.map]
+  env["LDCMD"] = %w[${LD} -o ${_TARGET} ${LDFLAGS} ${_SOURCES} ${LIBDIRPREFIX}${LIBPATH} ${LIBLINKPREFIX}${LIBS}]
+  env["OBJDUMP"] = "x86_64-w64-mingw32-objdump"
+  env.Program("^/HOS.EFI", "${sources}")
+  env.produces("^/HOS.EFI", "^/HOS.EFI.map")
+  env.CheckThreadLocal(:hos_map_check, "^/HOS.EFI.map")
+  env["SIZE"] = "x86_64-w64-mingw32-size"
+  env.Size("^/HOS.size", "^/HOS.EFI")
+  env.Disassemble("^/HOS.txt", "^/HOS.EFI")
+  env.Image("^/HOS.img", "^/HOS.EFI")
+end
+
+task "run", desc: "Run HOS in QEMU" do
+  Dir.mktmpdir do |tmpdir|
+    img = hello_env.expand("^/HOS.img")
+    FileUtils.cp(img, tmpdir)
+    sh %W[qemu-system-x86_64 -cpu max -bios OVMF.fd -drive file=#{tmpdir}/HOS.img,format=raw -device qemu-xhci -device usb-tablet]
+  end
+end
+
+# See README.md for how to set up VirtualBox for HOS.
+task "mk-vmdk", desc: "Create VirtualBox VMDK virtual drive for HOS" do
+  sh %W[VBoxManage internalcommands createrawvmdk -filename HOS.vmdk -rawdisk #{File.expand_path(hello_env.expand("^/HOS.img"))}]
+end
+
+# See README.md for how to set up VirtualBox for HOS.
+task "run-vb", desc: "Run HOS in VirtualBox" do
+  sh %W[VBoxManage startvm HOS]
+end

asmfuncs.asm

@@ -1,470 +0,0 @@
-; asmfuncs.asm
-; Josh Holtrop
-; Created: 10/23/03
-; Modified: 12/25/03
-
-[extern _putc]
-[extern _console_memory]
-[extern _cursorPosition]
-[extern _video_drawConsole]
-[extern _videoMode]
-
-%macro jzfar 1
-	jnz	%%skip
-	jmp	%1
-%%skip:
-
-%endmacro
-
-;stores the parameter to the CR0 register
-;extern dword write_cr0(dword cr0);
-[global _write_cr0]
-_write_cr0:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-	mov	eax, [ebp+8]
-	mov	cr0, eax
-	pop	ebp
-	ret
-
-;returns the value in the CR0 register
-;extern dword read_cr0();
-[global _read_cr0]
-_read_cr0:
-	mov	eax, cr0;
-	ret
-
-;stores the parameter to the CR3 register
-;extern dword write_cr3(dword cr3);
-[global _write_cr3]
-_write_cr3:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-	mov	eax, [ebp+8]
-	mov	cr3, eax
-	pop	ebp
-	ret
-
-
-;returns the value in the CR2 register
-;extern dword read_cr2();
-[global _read_cr2]
-_read_cr2:
-	mov	eax, cr2;
-	ret
-
-
-
-;returns the value in the CR3 register
-;extern dword read_cr3();
-[global _read_cr3]
-_read_cr3:
-	mov	eax, cr3;
-	ret
-
-
-;compares one string to another
-;returns 0 if the strings are different
-;extern dword strcmp(char *str1, char *str2);
-[global _strcmp]
-_strcmp:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-	push	esi
-	push	edi
-
-	mov	esi, [ebp+8]
-	mov	edi, [ebp+12]
-strcmp_loop1:
-	lodsb
-	mov	ah, [edi]
-	inc	edi
-	cmp	ah, al
-	jnz	strcmp_ne
-	or	al, al
-	jz	strcmp_e
-	jmp	strcmp_loop1
-strcmp_e:
-	mov	eax, 1
-	jmp short strcmp_done
-strcmp_ne:
-	xor	eax, eax
-strcmp_done:
-
-	pop	edi
-	pop	esi
-	pop	ebp
-	ret
-
-;copies a string from the source to the destination parameter
-;extern void strcpy(char *dest, char *src);
-[global _strcpy]
-_strcpy:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-	push	esi
-	push	edi
-	mov	edi, [ebp+8]
-	mov	esi, [ebp+12]
-strcpyloop:
-	lodsb
-	stosb
-	or	al, al
-	jnz	strcpyloop
-	pop	edi
-	pop	esi
-	pop	ebp
-	ret
-
-;copies memory of n bytes from src to destination
-;extern void memcpy(dword dest, dword src, dword n);
-[global _memcpy]
-_memcpy:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-	push	esi
-	push	edi
-	push	ecx
-	mov	edi, [ebp+8]
-	mov	esi, [ebp+12]
-	mov	ecx, [ebp+16]
-
-	rep	movsb
-
-	pop	ecx
-	pop	edi
-	pop	esi
-	pop	ebp
-	ret
-
-;returns the number of characters in a string
-;extern dword strlen(char *str);
-[global _strlen]
-_strlen:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-	push	esi
-	push	ebx
-	mov	esi, [ebp+8]
-	xor	ebx, ebx
-strlenloop:
-	lodsb
-	or	al, al
-	jz	strlendone
-	inc	ebx
-	jmp	strlenloop
-strlendone:
-	mov	eax, ebx
-	pop	ebx
-	pop	esi
-	pop	ebp
-	ret
-
-;this function invalidates the page directory/table entry that
-; would be used to access the memory address given in the parameter
-;extern void invlpg(dword addr);
-[global _invlpg]
-_invlpg:
-	mov	eax, [esp+4]
-	invlpg	[eax]
-	ret
-
-
-;
-;void writeCursorPosition(word pos)
-;
-[global _writeCursorPosition]
-_writeCursorPosition:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-
-	push	eax
-	push	ebx
-	push	edx
-
-	mov	eax, [ebp+8]	;cursor position in ax
-
-	mov	bl, al
-	mov	dx, 0x03D4
-	mov	al, 0x0E
-	out	dx, al
-
-	inc	dx
-	mov	al, ah
-	out	dx, al
-
-	dec	dx
-	mov	al, 0x0F
-	out	dx, al
-
-	inc	dx
-	mov	al, bl
-	out	dx, al
-
-	pop	edx
-	pop	ebx
-	pop	eax
-	pop	ebp
-
-	ret
-
-
-;
-;word getCursorPosition()
-;
-[global _getCursorPosition]
-_getCursorPosition:
-	push	ebx
-	push	edx
-
-	xor	eax, eax
-	mov	dx, 0x03D4
-	mov	al, 0x0E
-	out	dx, al
-
-	inc	dx
-	in	al, dx
-	mov	bl, al
-
-	dec	dx
-	mov	al, 0x0F
-	out	dx, al
-
-	inc	dx
-	in	al, dx
-	mov	ah, bl
-
-	pop	edx
-	pop	ebx
-
-	ret
-
-
-;
-;void console_scroll()
-;
-[global _console_scroll]
-_console_scroll:
-	pusha
-	mov	esi, _console_memory+160
-	mov	edi, _console_memory
-	mov	ecx, 960			;(2000-80)/2
-	rep	movsd
-	mov	ax, 0x0720
-	mov	ecx, 80
-	rep	stosw
-	mov	esi, _console_memory
-	mov	edi, 0xC00B8000
-	mov	ecx, 1000
-	rep	movsd
-	mov	eax, [_videoMode]
-	cmp	eax, 0
-	jz	_console_scroll_end
-	call	_video_drawConsole
-_console_scroll_end:
-	popa
-	ret
-
-
-
-;
-;void console_cls()
-;
-[global _console_cls]
-_console_cls:
-	pusha
-	mov	edi, _console_memory
-	mov	ax, 0x0720
-	mov	ecx, 2000
-	rep	stosw
-	push	dword 0
-	call	_writeCursorPosition
-	add	esp, 4
-	mov	[_cursorPosition], dword 0
-	mov	esi, _console_memory
-	mov	edi, 0xC00B8000
-	mov	ecx, 1000
-	rep	movsd
-	popa
-	ret
-
-
-
-
-;
-;int puts(char *str)
-;
-[global _puts]
-_puts:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-	push	esi
-	push	eax
-	mov	esi, [ebp+8]			;esi = to string
-puts_loop:
-	lodsb
-	cmp	al, 0
-	jz	puts_done
-	push	eax
-	call	_putc
-	add	esp, 4
-	jmp	puts_loop
-
-puts_done:
-	pop	eax
-	pop	esi
-	pop	ebp
-	ret
-
-
-
-        
-[global _putDecu]
-_putDecu:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-	sub	esp, 24
-	mov	DWORD [ebp-4], 1
-	mov	BYTE [ebp-5], 0
-L2:
-	mov	edx, DWORD [ebp+8]
-	mov	eax, -858993459
-	mul	edx
-	mov	eax, edx
-	shr	eax, 3
-	cmp	eax, DWORD [ebp-4]
-	jae	L4
-	jmp	L3
-L4:
-	mov	eax, DWORD [ebp-4]
-	mov	edx, eax
-	sal	edx, 2
-	add	edx, eax
-	lea	eax, [edx+edx]
-	mov	DWORD [ebp-4], eax
-	jmp	L2
-L3:
-	nop
-L5:
-	cmp	DWORD [ebp-4], 1
-	ja	L7
-	jmp	L6
-L7:
-	mov	edx, DWORD [ebp+8]
-	mov	eax, edx
-	mov	edx, 0
-	div	DWORD [ebp-4]
-	mov	DWORD [ebp-12], eax
-	mov	al, BYTE [ebp-12]
-	mov	BYTE [ebp-5], al
-	mov	eax, 0
-	mov	al, BYTE [ebp-5]
-	imul	eax, DWORD [ebp-4]
-	sub	DWORD [ebp+8], eax
-	mov	edx, DWORD [ebp-4]
-	mov	eax, -858993459
-	mul	edx
-	mov	eax, edx
-	shr	eax, 3
-	mov	DWORD [ebp-4], eax
-	lea	eax, [ebp-5]
-	add	BYTE [eax], 48
-	sub	esp, 12
-	mov	eax, 0
-	mov	al, BYTE [ebp-5]
-	push	eax
-	call	_putc
-	add	esp, 16
-	jmp	L5
-L6:
-	sub	esp, 12
-	mov	al, BYTE [ebp+8]
-	add	eax, 48
-	and	eax, 255
-	push	eax
-	call	_putc
-	add	esp, 16
-	leave
-	ret
-
-
-
-
-[global _putDec]
-_putDec:
-	push	ebp
-	mov	ebp, esp
-	sub	esp, 24
-	cmp	DWORD [ebp+8], 0
-	jns	L9
-	sub	esp, 12
-	push	45
-	call	_putc
-	add	esp, 16
-	neg	DWORD [ebp+8]
-L9:
-	mov	DWORD [ebp-4], 1
-	mov	BYTE [ebp-5], 0
-L10:
-	mov	eax, DWORD [ebp+8]
-	cmp	eax, DWORD [ebp-4]
-	jae	L12
-	jmp	L11
-L12:
-	mov	eax, DWORD [ebp-4]
-	mov	edx, eax
-	sal	edx, 2
-	add	edx, eax
-	lea	eax, [edx+edx]
-	mov	DWORD [ebp-4], eax
-	jmp	L10
-L11:
-	mov	edx, DWORD [ebp-4]
-	mov	eax, -858993459
-	mul	edx
-	mov	eax, edx
-	shr	eax, 3
-	mov	DWORD [ebp-4], eax
-L13:
-	cmp	DWORD [ebp-4], 1
-	ja	L15
-	jmp	L14
-L15:
-	mov	edx, DWORD [ebp+8]
-	mov	eax, edx
-	mov	edx, 0
-	div	DWORD [ebp-4]
-	mov	DWORD [ebp-12], eax
-	mov	al, BYTE [ebp-12]
-	mov	BYTE [ebp-5], al
-	mov	eax, 0
-	mov	al, BYTE [ebp-5]
-	imul	eax, DWORD [ebp-4]
-	sub	DWORD [ebp+8], eax
-	mov	edx, DWORD [ebp-4]
-	mov	eax, -858993459
-	mul	edx
-	mov	eax, edx
-	shr	eax, 3
-	mov	DWORD [ebp-4], eax
-	lea	eax, [ebp-5]
-	add	BYTE [eax], 48
-	sub	esp, 12
-	mov	eax, 0
-	mov	al, BYTE [ebp-5]
-	push	eax
-	call	_putc
-	add	esp, 16
-	jmp	L13
-L14:
-	sub	esp, 12
-	mov	al, BYTE [ebp+8]
-	add	eax, 48
-	and	eax, 255
-	push	eax
-	call	_putc
-	add	esp, 16
-	leave
-	ret
-
-

backup.bat

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-@echo off
-echo Backing up to .\Backup\%1
-
-mkdir .\Backup\%1
-
-copy *.h .\Backup\%1
-copy *.c .\Backup\%1
-copy *.inc .\Backup\%1
-copy *.asm .\Backup\%1
-copy *.ld .\Backup\%1
-copy *.bat .\Backup\%1
-

bootdef.inc

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-
-%define VERSION		"0.13"			;HOS version
-
-%define BOOT_FAT_SEG	0x07E0			;right after boot sector
-%define BOOT_ROOT_SEG	0x0900			;right after FAT
-%define BOOT_KERNEL_SEG	0x0AC0			;right after ROOT_DIR
-%define BOOT_STAGE2_SEG	0x0B00			;right after KERNEL_SEG
-%define BOOT_STAGE2_ADD	0xB000			;address of stage2 to jump to, org at
-%define BOOT_KERNEL_ADD	0x106000		;final pmode kernel destination - physical
-%define BOOT_RD_ADD	0x200000		;2mb for ram disk
-
-%define BOOT_DATA_SEG	0x9000			;data gathered by stage2 loader goes here
-
-%define BOOT_HASRD	0x0000		;1
-%define BOOT_VESA	0x0002		;2 - 0 for console, otherwise VESA mode
-%define BOOT_VESA_OEM	0x0004		;258 - null-terminated OEM identification string
-%define BOOT_VESA_VBE	0x0106		;512 - copy of VESA VBEInfoBlock
-%define	BOOT_VESA_INFO	0x0306		;256 - copy of VESA ModeInfoBlock for selected mode
-%define BOOT_MEMENTRIES	0x040A		;4 - dword = number of memmap entries
-%define BOOT_MEMMAP	0x2000		;? -  memory map information
-
-
-
-%define BOOT_DRIVE	0x7C24		;1 - boot drive
-
-

c1.bat

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-nasmw -f aout -o ks.o -l .\lst\kernel.lst kernel.asm
-

c2.bat

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-gcc -ffreestanding -fno-builtin -nostdlib -nodefaultlibs -c kernel.c -o kernel.o

c3.bat

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-nasmw -f aout -o asmfuncs.o -l .\lst\asmfuncs.lst asmfuncs.asm

cop.bat

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-copy kernel.bin a:

cops1.bat

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-rem rawrite -f stage1.bin -d a -n
-partcopy stage1.bin 0 200 -f0

cops2.bat

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-copy stage2.bin a:

cs1.bat

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-nasmw -f bin -o stage1.bin -l .\lst\stage1.lst stage1.asm

cs2.bat

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-nasmw -f bin -o stage2.bin -l .\lst\stage2.lst stage2.asm

fat12.c

@@ -1,345 +0,0 @@
-// fat12.c
-// Author: Josh Holtrop
-// Created: 01/04/04
-// Modified: 01/14/04
-
-
-byte *fat12_readFile(char *fileName, DiskDevice *dd)
-{
-	char *fileNameUCase = malloc(strlen(fileName) + 1);
-	strcpy(fileNameUCase, fileName);
-	ucase(fileNameUCase);
-	dword iMadeClusterChain = getClusterChain(dd);
-	Fat12Entry fe;
-	if (fat12_getFileHandle(fileNameUCase, dd, &fe))
-	{
-		free(fileNameUCase);
-		if (iMadeClusterChain)
-		{
-			free(clusterChain);
-			clusterChain = 0;
-		}
-		return 0;
-	}
-	byte *fp = (byte *)fat12_readClusterChain(dd, &fe);
-	free(fileNameUCase);
-	if (iMadeClusterChain)
-	{
-		free(clusterChain);
-		clusterChain = 0;
-	}
-	return fp;
-}
-
-
-dword	fat12_getFileHandle(char *fileName, DiskDevice *dd, Fat12Entry *destination)
-{
- 	if (strlen(fileName) < 1)
- 		return 1;
- 	if (fileName[strlen(fileName)-1] == '/')
- 		return 2;
-	dword iMadeClusterChain = getClusterChain(dd);
-	int fileName_length = strlen(fileName);
-	int a;
-	int entries = 1;
-	for (a = 0; a < fileName_length; a++)
-	{
-		if (fileName[a] == '/')
-		{
-			fileName[a] = 0;
-			entries++;
-		}
-	}
-	char *pointer = fileName;
-	Fat12Entry *workingDirectory = 0;
-	Fat12Entry workingDir;
-	for (a = 0; a < (entries - 1); a++)
-	{
-		if (fat12_getDirectoryHandle(pointer, dd, workingDirectory, &workingDir))	//an error occurred if this returns nonzero
-		{
-			if (iMadeClusterChain)
-			{
-				free(clusterChain);
-				clusterChain = 0;
-			}
-			return 3;
-		}
-		workingDirectory = &workingDir;
-		for (;;)				//advance to the next dir name
-		{
-			pointer++;
-			if (*pointer == 0)
-			{
-				pointer++;
-				break;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	if (fat12_getFileHandleInDirectory(pointer, dd, workingDirectory, destination))		//an error occurred if this returns nonzero
-	{
-		if (iMadeClusterChain)
-		{
-			free(clusterChain);
-			clusterChain = 0;
-		}
-		return 4;
-	}
-	if (iMadeClusterChain)
-	{
-		free(clusterChain);
-		clusterChain = 0;
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-
-dword	fat12_getFileHandleInDirectory(char *fileName, DiskDevice *dd, Fat12Entry *currDir, Fat12Entry *destination)
-{
-	if (!currDir)			// we are working in the root directory
-	{
-		Fat12Entry *rootDir = malloc(14*512);		//root directory is 14 sectors long
-		vfs_readSector(dd, 19, (byte *)rootDir, 14);
-		int a;
-		for (a = 0; a < 224; a++)			//224 max root directory entries in 14 sectors
-		{
-			if (rootDir[a].fileName[0] == 0)
-				break;
-			if ((byte)rootDir[a].fileName[0] != 0xE5)
-			{
-				if ((rootDir[a].attributes & 0x18) == 0)	//this entry is a directory
-				{
-					char dirName[9];
-					char dirExt[4];
-					memcpy(dirName, rootDir[a].fileName, 8);
-					dirName[8] = 0;
-					memcpy(dirExt, rootDir[a].ext, 3);
-					dirExt[3] = 0;
-					rtrim(dirName);
-					rtrim(dirExt);
-					char dirWhole[14];
-					strcpy(dirWhole, dirName);
-					if (strlen(dirExt) > 0)			//the directory has an extension
-					{
-						strcat(dirWhole, ".");
-						strcat(dirWhole, dirExt);
-					}
-					if (strcmp(dirWhole, fileName))	//the entry found is a match
-					{
-						free(rootDir);
-						*destination = rootDir[a];
-						return 0;
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		free(rootDir);
-		return 1;	//no match found
-	}
-	dword retVal = 2;
-	dword iMadeClusterChain = getClusterChain(dd);
-	Fat12Entry *subDirectory = fat12_readClusterChain(dd, currDir);
-	if (!subDirectory)
-		return 5;
-	dword numberOfClusters = fat12_readClusterChainCount(dd, currDir);
-	int a;
-	for (a = 0; a < (numberOfClusters * 16); a++)
-	{
-		if (subDirectory[a].fileName[0] == 0)
-			break;
-		if ((byte)subDirectory[a].fileName[0] != 0xE5)
-		{
-			if ((subDirectory[a].attributes & 0x18) == 0)	//this entry is a directory
-			{
-				char dirName[9];
-				char dirExt[4];
-				memcpy(dirName, subDirectory[a].fileName, 8);
-				dirName[8] = 0;
-				memcpy(dirExt, subDirectory[a].ext, 3);
-				dirExt[3] = 0;
-				rtrim(dirName);
-				rtrim(dirExt);
-				char dirWhole[14];
-				strcpy(dirWhole, dirName);
-				if (strlen(dirExt) > 0)			//the directory has an extension
-				{
-					strcat(dirWhole, ".");
-					strcat(dirWhole, dirExt);
-				}
-				if (strcmp(dirWhole, fileName))	//the entry found is a match
-				{
-					*destination = subDirectory[a];
-					retVal = 0;
-					break;
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	free(subDirectory);
-	if (iMadeClusterChain)
-	{
-		free(clusterChain);
-		clusterChain = 0;
-	}
-	return retVal;
-}
-
-
-dword	fat12_getDirectoryHandle(char *directory, DiskDevice *dd, Fat12Entry *currDir, Fat12Entry *destination)
-{
-	if (!currDir)			// we are working in the root directory
-	{
-		Fat12Entry *rootDir = malloc(14*512);		//root directory is 14 sectors long
-		vfs_readSector(dd, 19, (byte *)rootDir, 14);
-		int a;
-		for (a = 0; a < 224; a++)			//224 max root directory entries in 14 sectors
-		{
-			if (rootDir[a].fileName[0] == 0)
-				break;
-			if ((byte)rootDir[a].fileName[0] != 0xE5)
-			{
-				if ((rootDir[a].attributes & 0x18) == 0x10)	//this entry is a directory
-				{
-					char dirName[9];
-					char dirExt[4];
-					memcpy(dirName, rootDir[a].fileName, 8);
-					dirName[8] = 0;
-					memcpy(dirExt, rootDir[a].ext, 3);
-					dirExt[3] = 0;
-					rtrim(dirName);
-					rtrim(dirExt);
-					char dirWhole[14];
-					strcpy(dirWhole, dirName);
-					if (strlen(dirExt) > 0)			//the directory has an extension
-					{
-						strcat(dirWhole, ".");
-						strcat(dirWhole, dirExt);
-					}
-					if (strcmp(dirWhole, directory))	//the entry found is a match
-					{
-						free(rootDir);
-						*destination = rootDir[a];
-						return 0;
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		free(rootDir);
-		return 1;	//no match found
-	}
-	dword retVal = 2;
-	dword iMadeClusterChain = getClusterChain(dd);
-	Fat12Entry *subDirectory = fat12_readClusterChain(dd, currDir);
-	if (!subDirectory)
-		return 5;
-	dword numberOfClusters = fat12_readClusterChainCount(dd, currDir);
-	int a;
-	for (a = 0; a < (numberOfClusters * 16); a++)
-	{
-		if (subDirectory[a].fileName[0] == 0)
-			break;
-		if ((byte)subDirectory[a].fileName[0] != 0xE5)
-		{
-			if ((subDirectory[a].attributes & 0x18) == 0x10)	//this entry is a directory
-			{
-				char dirName[9];
-				char dirExt[4];
-				memcpy(dirName, subDirectory[a].fileName, 8);
-				dirName[8] = 0;
-				memcpy(dirExt, subDirectory[a].ext, 3);
-				dirExt[3] = 0;
-				rtrim(dirName);
-				rtrim(dirExt);
-				char dirWhole[14];
-				strcpy(dirWhole, dirName);
-				if (strlen(dirExt) > 0)			//the directory has an extension
-				{
-					strcat(dirWhole, ".");
-					strcat(dirWhole, dirExt);
-				}
-				if (strcmp(dirWhole, directory))	//the entry found is a match
-				{
-					*destination = subDirectory[a];
-					retVal = 0;
-					break;
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	free(subDirectory);
-	if (iMadeClusterChain)
-	{
-		free(clusterChain);
-		clusterChain = 0;
-	}
-	return retVal;
-}
-
-
-Fat12Entry *fat12_readClusterChain(DiskDevice *dd, Fat12Entry *directory)
-{
-	dword numberOfClusters = fat12_readClusterChainCount(dd, directory);
-	if (numberOfClusters == 0)
-		return 0;
-	byte *bp = malloc(numberOfClusters * 512);
-	Fat12Entry *retVal = (Fat12Entry *)bp;
-	dword cluster = directory->firstCluster;
-	while (cluster < 0xFF0)
-	{
-		vfs_readSector(dd, cluster + 31, bp, 1);
-		cluster = fat12_getNextCluster(cluster);
-		bp += 512;
-	}
-	return retVal;
-}
-
-
-dword	fat12_readClusterChainCount(DiskDevice *dd, Fat12Entry *directory)
-{
-	dword numberOfClusters = 0;
-	dword cluster = directory->firstCluster;
-	if (cluster == 0)
-		return 0;
-	while (cluster < 0xFF0)
-	{
-		cluster = fat12_getNextCluster(cluster);
-		numberOfClusters++;
-	}
-	return numberOfClusters;
-}
-
-
-dword	fat12_getNextCluster(dword thisCluster)
-{
-	dword nextCluster = *(word *)((dword)clusterChain + ((thisCluster * 3) >> 1));
-	if (thisCluster & 0x01)		//this is an odd cluster
-		return nextCluster >> 4;
-	else				//this is an even cluster
-		return nextCluster & 0x0FFF;
-}
-
-
-dword	fat12_getFileSize(char *fileName, DiskDevice *dd)
-{
-	Fat12Entry fe;
-	if (fat12_getFileHandle(fileName, dd, &fe))
-		return 0xFFFFFFFF;
-	return fe.fileSize;
-}
-
-
-dword	getClusterChain(DiskDevice *dd)
-{
-	if (!clusterChain)
-	{
-		clusterChain = malloc(9*512);	//9 sectors for File Allocation Table (cluster chain)
-		vfs_readSector(dd, 1, clusterChain, 9);	//sectors 1 through 9 contain the first FAT
-		return 1;			//this call created the cluster chain
-	}
-	else
-		return 0;			//this call did not create the cluster chain
-}
-
-
-
-
-

fat12.h

@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-// fat12.h
-// Author: Josh Holtrop
-// Created: 01/04/04
-
-
-typedef struct	{
-	char	fileName[8];
-	char	ext[3];
-	byte	attributes;
-	dword	createTime;
-	word	createDate;
-	word	accessDate;
-	word	unused0;
-	word	modifiedDate;
-	word	modifiedTime;
-	word	firstCluster;
-	dword	fileSize;
-} __attribute__((packed)) Fat12Entry;
-
-typedef struct	{
-	byte	jump[3];
-	byte	sysName[8];
-	word    bytesPerSector;
-	byte	sectorsPerCluster;
-	word	reservedSectors;
-	byte	FATcount;
-	word	maxRootEntries;
-	word	totalSectors1;
-	byte	mediaDescriptor;
-	word	sectorsPerFAT;
-	word	sectorsPerTrack;
-	word	headCount;
-	dword	hiddenSectors;
-	dword	totalSectors2;
-	byte	driveNumber;
-	byte	reserved1;
-	byte	extBootSignature;
-	dword	volumeSerial;
-	char	volumeLabel[11];
-	char	fileSystemID[8];
-} __attribute__((packed)) Fat12BootSector;
-
-
-byte *fat12_readFile(char *fileName, DiskDevice *dd);
-dword	fat12_getFileHandle(char *fileName, DiskDevice *dd, Fat12Entry *destination);
-dword	fat12_getDirectoryHandle(char *directory, DiskDevice *dd, Fat12Entry *currDir, Fat12Entry *destination);
-Fat12Entry *fat12_readClusterChain(DiskDevice *dd, Fat12Entry *directory);
-dword	fat12_getFileHandleInDirectory(char *fileName, DiskDevice *dd, Fat12Entry *currDir, Fat12Entry *destination);
-dword	fat12_readClusterChainCount(DiskDevice *dd, Fat12Entry *directory);
-dword	fat12_getFileSize(char *fileName, DiskDevice *dd);
-dword	getClusterChain(DiskDevice *dd);
-dword	fat12_getNextCluster(dword thisCluster);
-
-byte	*clusterChain = 0;
-
-
-
-

fdc.c

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-//fdc.c
-//Author: Josh Holtrop
-//Date: 10/30/03
-
-
-inline	void	fdc_sendDOR(byte dor)
-{
-	outportb(FDC_DOR, dor);
-}

fdc.h

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-//fdc.h
-//Author: Josh Holtrop
-//Date: 10/30/03
-
-
-#define FDC_DOR 0x3f2
-#define FDC_MSR 0x3f4
-
-
-inline	void	fdc_sendDOR(byte dor);
-
-

functions.h

@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-//functions.h
-//05/07/03 Josh Holtrop
-//for HOS
-//Modified: 10/30/03
-
-extern dword _code;
-extern dword _bss;
-extern dword _end;
-
-inline void outportb(unsigned int port, unsigned char value);
-inline void outportw(unsigned int port, unsigned int value);
-inline byte inportb(unsigned short port);
-inline void enable_ints();
-inline void disable_ints();
-inline void restart();
-inline void halt();
-void remap_pics(int pic1, int pic2);
-inline void pic1_mask(byte mask);
-inline void pic2_mask(byte mask);
-inline void eoi();
-inline void eoi2();
-inline dword kernel_size();
-inline void init_timer();
-char *strcat(char *dest, char *src);
-void	rtrim(char *str);
-char	*ucase(char *str);
-char	*lcase(char *str);
-inline byte bcd2byte(byte bcd);
-inline byte byte2bcd(byte bite);
-byte	rtc_readDay();
-byte	rtc_readMonth();
-byte	rtc_readYear();
-byte	rtc_readSecond();
-byte	rtc_readMinute();
-byte	rtc_readHour();
-void	rtc_setDay(byte dat);
-void	rtc_setMonth(byte month);
-void	rtc_setYear(byte year);
-void	rtc_setSecond(byte second);
-void	rtc_setMinute(byte minute);
-void	rtc_setHour(byte hour);
-
-
-
-
-

gccasm.bat

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-gcc -S kernel.c -masm=intel -fno-builtin

gdt.inc

@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-;gdt.inc
-;Author: Josh Holtrop
-;for HOS
-;Modified: 10/30/03
-
-gdtr:
-	dw	gdt_end-gdt-1
-	dd	GDT_P
-gdt:
-	dd	0
-	dd	0
-KERNEL_CODE equ $-gdt
-	dw	0xffff	;limit 15:0
-	dw	0x0000	;base  15:0
-	db	0x00	;base  23:16
-	db	0x9A	;access ([P][DPL][1][Executable][Direction/Conforming][Writable/Readable][A])
-	db	0xCF	;flags ([G][D/B][0][0]) / limit 19:16
-	db	0x00	;base  31:24
-KERNEL_DATA equ $-gdt
-	dw	0xffff	;limit 15:0
-	dw	0x0000	;base  15:0
-	db	0x00	;base  23:16
-	db	0x92	;access ([P][DPL][1][Executable][Direction/Conforming][Writable/Readable][A])
-	db	0xCF	;flags ([G][D/B][0][0]) / limit 19:16
-	db	0x00	;base  31:24
-VESA_CODE equ $-gdt
-	dw	0xffff	;limit 15:0
-	dw	0x0000	;base  15:0
-	db	0x00	;base  23:16
-	db	0x9A	;access ([P][DPL][1][Executable][Direction/Conforming][Writable/Readable][A])
-	db	0x40	;flags ([G][D/B][0][0]) / limit 19:16
-	db	0x00	;base  31:24
-VESA_DATA equ $-gdt
-	dw	0xffff	;limit 15:0
-	dw	0x0000	;base  15:0
-	db	0x00	;base  23:16
-	db	0x92	;access ([P][DPL][1][Executable][Direction/Conforming][Writable/Readable][A])
-	db	0x40	;flags ([G][D/B][0][0]) / limit 19:16
-	db	0x00	;base  31:24
-VIDEO_TEXT equ $-gdt
-	dw	0x7FFF	;limit 15:0
-	dw	0x8000	;base  15:0
-	db	0x0B	;base  23:16
-	db	0x92	;access ([P][DPL][1][Executable][Direction/Conforming][Writable/Readable][A])
-	db	0x40	;flags ([G][D/B][0][0]) / limit 19:16
-	db	0x00	;base  31:24
-VIDEO_GRAPHICS equ $-gdt
-	dw	0xFFFF	;limit 15:0
-	dw	0x0000	;base  15:0
-	db	0x0A	;base  23:16
-	db	0x92	;access ([P][DPL][1][Executable][Direction/Conforming][Writable/Readable][A])
-	db	0x40	;flags ([G][D/B][0][0]) / limit 19:16
-	db	0x00	;base  31:24
-USER_CODE equ $-gdt
-	dw	0xffff	;limit 15:0
-	dw	0x0000	;base  15:0
-	db	0x00	;base  23:16
-	db	0xFA	;access ([P][DPL][1][Executable][Direction/Conforming][Writable/Readable][A])
-	db	0xCF	;flags ([G][D/B][0][0]) / limit 19:16
-	db	0x00	;base  31:24
-USER_DATA equ $-gdt
-	dw	0xffff	;limit 15:0
-	dw	0x0000	;base  15:0
-	db	0x00	;base  23:16
-	db	0xF2	;access ([P][DPL][1][Executable][Direction/Conforming][Writable/Readable][A])
-	db	0xCF	;flags ([G][D/B][0][0]) / limit 19:16
-	db	0x00	;base  31:24
-gdt_end:
-
-
-

getflop.bat

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-partcopy -f0 0 168000 flop.img

idt.inc

@@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
-;idt.inc
-;Author: Josh Holtrop
-;for HOS
-;Modified: 10/30/03
-
-idtr:
-	dw	50*8-1		;size of idt
-	dd	IDT_V		;address of idt
-
-
-%macro isr_label 1
-isr_%1:
-	push	eax
-	mov	eax, %1
-	jmp	isr_main
-%endmacro
-
-isr_label	0
-isr_label	1
-isr_label	2
-isr_label	3
-isr_label	4
-isr_label	5
-isr_label	6
-isr_label	7
-isr_label	8
-isr_label	9
-isr_label	10
-isr_label	11
-isr_label	12
-isr_label	13
-isr_label	14
-isr_label	15
-isr_label	16
-isr_label	17
-isr_label	18
-isr_label	19
-isr_label	20
-isr_label	21
-isr_label	22
-isr_label	23
-isr_label	24
-isr_label	25
-isr_label	26
-isr_label	27
-isr_label	28
-isr_label	29
-isr_label	30
-isr_label	31
-isr_label	32
-isr_label	33
-isr_label	34
-isr_label	35
-isr_label	36
-isr_label	37
-isr_label	38
-isr_label	39
-isr_label	40
-isr_label	41
-isr_label	42
-isr_label	43
-isr_label	44
-isr_label	45
-isr_label	46
-isr_label	47
-isr_label	48
-isr_label	49
-
-isr_main:
-	cmp	eax, 0x30
-	jz	isr_syscall
-
-	pusha
-	push	ds
-	push	es
-
-	push	eax
-
-	call	_isr
-
-	pop	eax
-
-	pop	es
-	pop	ds
-	popa
-	pop	eax
-
-	iret
-
-
-isr_syscall:
-	pop	eax	;syscall function number
-	pusha
-	push	ds
-	push	es
-
-	push	ebx
-	call	_putc
-	add	esp, 4
-
-	pop	es
-	pop	ds
-	popa
-	iret
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

k_defines.h

@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-//k_defines.h
-//03/17/03 Josh Holtrop
-//Modified: 10/30/03
-
-#define	PIC1		0x20
-#define	PIC2		0xA0
-#define	PIC1_COMMAND	PIC1
-#define	PIC1_DATA	(PIC1+1)
-#define	PIC2_COMMAND	PIC2
-#define	PIC2_DATA	(PIC2+1)
-#define	PIC_EOI		0x20
-
-#define	ICW1_ICW4	0x01		/* ICW4 (not) needed */
-#define	ICW1_SINGLE	0x02		/* Single (cascade) mode */
-#define	ICW1_INTERVAL4	0x04		/* Call address interval 4 (8) */
-#define	ICW1_LEVEL	0x08		/* Level triggered (edge) mode */
-#define	ICW1_INIT	0x10		/* Initialization - required! */
-
-#define	ICW4_8086	0x01		/* 8086/88 (MCS-80/85) mode */
-#define	ICW4_AUTO	0x02		/* Auto (normal) EOI */
-#define	ICW4_BUF_SLAVE	0x08		/* Buffered mode/slave */
-#define	ICW4_BUF_MASTER	0x0C		/* Buffered mode/master */
-#define	ICW4_SFNM	0x10		/* Special fully nested (not) */
-
-#define BLUE_TXT	0x01
-#define RED_TXT		0x04
-#define WHITE_TXT	0x07
-#define CYAN_TXT	0x0B
-#define YELLOW_TXT	0x0E
-#define BRWHITE_TXT	0x0F
-
-#define FREERAM_START	0x368000	// 0x368000 is first available byte (this is right after the initrd @ 2mb, 1440kb.
-#define MAX_RAM		0x40000000	//1gb maximum RAM supported
-
-#define PID_KERNEL	0x02		//kernel's PID
-#define PID_VMM		0x03
-#define PID_USER	0x10000		//user processes' start PID
-
-typedef	unsigned char	byte;
-typedef	unsigned short	word;
-typedef	unsigned int	dword;
-
-typedef struct {
-	dword	lowdword;
-	dword	highdword;
-} __attribute__((packed)) qword;
-
-
-
-
-

kernel.asm

@@ -1,101 +0,0 @@
-;kernel.asm
-;Author: Josh Holtrop
-;Modified: 10/30/03
-
-%define GDT_P	0x100000;	;1mb physical - Global Descriptor Table space
-%define GDT_V	GDT_P+0xC0000000
-%define IDT_P	0x102000	;1mb+8kb - Interrupt Descriptor Table space
-%define IDT_V	IDT_P+0xC0000000
-%define PDBR_P	0x104000	;1mb+16kb - Page Directory Base Register (first PD)
-%define PDBR_V	PDBR_P+0xC0000000
-%define LOPT_P	0x105000	;1mb+20kb - LOw Page Table for mapping first 4mb
-%define LOPT_V	LOPT_P+0xC0000000
-%define KERNEL_P 0x106000	;1mb+24kb - the kernel's physical address
-%define KERNEL_V KERNEL_P+0xC0000000	;3gb+1mb+24kb, the virtual address of the kernel
-
-[global start]
-[extern _isr]
-[extern _k_init]
-[extern _putc]
-
-bits 32
-
-;This is where the kernel begins execution
-;At this point, the temporary gdt is set up to "map" 0xC000_0000 to 0x0.
-;We must enable paging with the first 4mb mapped 1:1 virtual:physical
-; and with the 4mb starting at 0xC000_0000 mapped to the first 4mb physical.
-;Then we can start using our "real" gdt, then unmap the lower 4mb.
-start:
-	cli					;if they weren't already off
-	
-	xor	eax, eax
-	mov	edi, PDBR_V
-	mov	ecx, 1024			;clear the PDBR
-	rep stosd
-	mov	[PDBR_V], dword LOPT_P|0x03		;store the physical address of the LOw Page Table (read/write, present)
-	mov	[PDBR_V+0xC00], dword LOPT_P|0x03	;store the physical address of the LOw Page Table (read/write, present)
-
-	mov	edi, LOPT_V
-	mov	ecx, 1024
-	mov	eax, 0x03			;starting physical address = 0x0 (read/write, present flags)
-fill_lopt_loop:					;fill the page table
-	stosd
-	add	eax, 4096			;increment next phsyical address by 4kb
-	loop	fill_lopt_loop
-
-	mov	eax, PDBR_P
-	mov	cr3, eax			;store the Page Directory Base Address
-	mov	eax, cr0
-	or	eax, 0x80000000			;set page enable bit
-	mov	cr0, eax			;now paging is active!
-
-
-	mov	edi, GDT_V
-	mov	esi, gdt
-	mov	ecx, gdt_end-gdt
-copy_gdt:
-	lodsb
-	stosb
-	loop	copy_gdt
-
-	mov	edi, IDT_V		;destination
-	mov	esi, isr_0		;address of isr0
-	mov	edx, isr_1-isr_0	;distance between isr labels
-	mov	ecx, 50			;number of isrlabels
-fill_idt:
-	mov	ebx, esi
-	mov	ax, si
-	stosw				;0 offset 15:0
-	mov	ax, KERNEL_CODE
-	stosw				;2 selector 15:0
-	mov	ax, 0x8E00
-	stosw				;4 [P][DPL][0][TYPE][0][0][0][0][0][0][0][0]
-	shr	esi, 16
-	mov	ax, si
-	stosw				;6 offset 31:16
-	mov	esi, ebx
-	add	esi, edx
-	loop	fill_idt
-	mov	word	[IDT_V+0x30*8+4], 0xEE00	;interrupt 0x30 has user priviledges
-
-	lgdt	[gdtr]			;load gdt
-	jmp	KERNEL_CODE:newgdtcontinue
-newgdtcontinue:
-	mov	ax, KERNEL_DATA
-	mov	es, ax
-	mov	ds, ax
-	mov	gs, ax
-	mov	fs, ax
-	mov	ss, ax
-	mov	esp, 0xc01ffffc		;stack just under 3gb+2mb, moves downward
-	lidt	[idtr]			;load idt
-
-	call	_k_init
-haltit:
-	hlt				;halt processor when k_init is done
-	jmp	haltit			;shouldn't get here...
-
-%include "gdt.inc"
-%include "idt.inc"
-
-

kernel.c

@@ -1,144 +0,0 @@
-//kernel.c
-//08/13/03 Josh Holtrop
-//Holtrop's Operating System
-//Version: 0.12
-//Modified: 12/30/03
-
-#include "k_defines.h"		//#DEFINE's for kernel
-
-
-#include "functions.h"		//general functions
-#include "video.h"		//video functions
-#include "mm.h"			//physical memory management functions
-#include "vmm.h"		//virtual memory management & paging functions
-#include "keyboard.h"		//generic keyboard driver & functions
-#include "mouse.h"		//generic ps/2 mouse driver & functions
-#include "fdc.h"		//Floppy Disk Controller functions
-#include "stdfont.h"		//Standard font bitmask array
-#include "kio.h"
-#include "vfs.h"
-#include "rd.h"
-#include "fat12.h"
-
-void isr(dword num);
-void k_init();
-
-/* These functions are defined in asmfuncs.asm */
-extern dword write_cr0(dword cr0);
-extern dword read_cr0();
-extern dword write_cr3(dword cr3);
-extern dword read_cr2();
-extern dword read_cr3();
-extern void writeCursorPosition(dword pos);
-extern dword getCursorPosition();
-extern void console_scroll();
-extern void console_cls();
-extern int puts(char *str);
-extern int putDec(int number);
-extern int putDecu(dword number);
-extern void strcpy(char *dest, char *src);
-extern void memcpy(void *dest, void *src, dword n);
-extern dword strlen(char *str);
-
-#include "fat12.c"
-#include "rd.c"
-#include "vfs.c"
-#include "kio.c"
-#include "fdc.c"
-#include "mouse.c"
-#include "keyboard.c"
-#include "mm.c"
-#include "vmm.c"
-#include "functions.c"
-#include "video.c"
-
-dword	timer = 0;
-
-//Main kernel initialization method
-void k_init()
-{
-		// ===== Initialization
-	fdc_sendDOR(0x0C);		//turn off floppy motor!!
-	console_cls();
-	video_init();
-	mm_init();
-	vmm_init();
-	remap_pics(0x20, 0x28);
-	init_timer();
-	mouse_init();
-	pic1_mask(0);			//unmask IRQ's 0-7
-	pic2_mask(0);			//unmask IRQ's 8-15
-	vfs_init();
-	enable_ints();
-	kbd_resetLEDs();		//after enabling interrupts!!
-	if (videoMode)
-	{
-		int p = video_mode.XResolution*video_mode.YResolution-1;
-		for (; p >= 0; p--)
-			video_psetp(p, 0x00000044);
-		video_drawConsole();
-	}
-
-	printf("HOS 0.13 - Kernel File Size: %u kb\tData Size: %u bytes\n", kernel_size()>>10, (dword)(&_end)-(dword)(&_code));
-	printf("Memory available to OS: %u MB (%u bytes)\n", mm_megabytes, mm_totalmem);
-	printf("Free memory: %u bytes (%u pages)\n", mm_freemem(), mm_freemem()>>12);
-	printf("%d/%d/%d\t%d:%d:%d\n", rtc_readMonth(), rtc_readDay(), rtc_readYear(), rtc_readHour(), rtc_readMinute(), rtc_readSecond());
-	printf("Root Directory: %s/\n", rootDevice->id);
-
-
-/*	int a;
-	byte *addr = 0;
-	for (a = 0; a < 5; a++)
-	{
-		byte *app = mm_palloc();
-		vmm_map1((dword)addr, (dword)app);
-		addr += 4096;
-	}
-
-	addr = vfs_readFile("/bin/hash.hos");
-	memcpy(0, addr, 4192);
-	asm("call 0");
-	free(addr);
-*/
-
-	dword key = 0;
-	for (;;)
-	{
-		key = kbdWaitKey();
-		if ((key & 0xFF) > 2)	//key is not a control key
-			putc(key);
-	}
-}
-
-// main Interrupt Service Routine - handles all interrupts unless caught by kernel.asm
-void isr(dword num)
-{
-	switch(num)
-	{
-	case 14:
-		printf("Page fault, CR2 = 0x%x\n", read_cr2());
-		halt();
-		break;
-	case 0x20:         		// IRQ0 - timer interrupt
-		timer++;
-		(*(byte *)(0xc00b8000))++;
-		eoi();
-		break;
-	case 0x21:  			// IRQ1 - keyboard interrupt
-		isr_keyboard();    	//isr_keybard() takes care of calling eoi()
-		break;
-	case 0x2C:			// IRQ12 - PS/2 mouse
-		isr_mouse();
-		eoi2();
-		break;
-	default:
-		printf("Interrupt %d (0x%x) Unhandled!!\n", num, num);
-		halt();
-		break;
-	}
-}
-
-
-
-
-

keyboard.c

@@ -1,254 +0,0 @@
-//Keyboard.c
-// Created: 04/17/03 Josh Holtrop
-// Modified: 10/30/03
-//for HOS
-
-#define KBD_BUFFER_LENGTH 64
-
-byte kbdFlags = 0;		//holds current keyboard flags - caps/num/scroll/shift/ctrl/alt
-byte kbdAscii = 0;		//holds ASCII value of a key pressed
-byte kbdScan = 0;		//holds the keyboard scan code of a key pressed
-
-dword kbdBuffer[KBD_BUFFER_LENGTH];	//a buffer for all keypresses
-int kbdBufferStart = 0;			//position of next key in buffer
-int kbdBufferLen = 0;			//number of keys left in the buffer
-byte kbdExt = 0;			//# of extended key codes left to input
-byte kbdExt2 = 0;                       //# of 2nd-set-extended key codes left to input
-byte ackReason = 0;		//used to record the reason why we would get an acknowledge byte (0xFA)
-
-
-//these arrays convert a keyboard scan code to an ASCII character value
-                                   //nul esc            bksp tab              lctl            lsft            rsft lalt caps F1  F2  F3  F4  F5  F6  F7  F8  F9  F10 numScrlNumPad-------                                  unknown---- F11 F12 unknown....
-const byte SCAN2ASCII[128]      = "\000\0331234567890-=\010\011qwertyuiop[]\n\001asdfghjkl;'`\001\\zxcvbnm,./\001*\001 \001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001-\001\001\001+\001\001\001\001\001\002\002\002\001\001\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002";
-const byte SCAN2ASCIISHIFT[128] = "\000\033!@#$%^&*()_+\010\011QWERTYUIOP{}\n\001ASDFGHJKL:\"~\001|ZXCVBNM<>?\001*\001 \001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001\001789-456+1230.\002\002\002\001\001\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002\002";
-
-//====FUNCTIONS:
-// The Keyboard Interrupt Service Routine
-void isr_keyboard()
-{
-	kbdScan = inportb(0x60);
-	//printf("\nKEYBOARD INTERRUPT: 0x%x", kbdScan);
-	byte inState = inportb(0x61);
-	outportb(0x61, inState|0x80);
-	outportb(0x61, inState);
-	
-	//printf("IRQ 1: %x\n", kbdScan);
-
-	if (kbdScan == 0xFA)	//250					//ACKnowledge
-	{
-		//printf("KBD_ACK 0x%x!\n", ackReason);
-		if (ackReason == 0xED)					//reset LEDs
-		{
-			outportb(0x60, (kbdFlags & 0x07));
-		}
-		ackReason = 0;
-	}
-	if (kbdScan == 224)						//extended key
-	{
-		kbdExt = 1;
-		eoi();
-		return;
-	}
-	if (kbdScan == 225)						//2nd-set-extended key
-	{
-		kbdExt2 = 2;
-		eoi();
-		return;
-	}
-
-//====handle control keys::
-	kbdAscii = 2;
-	switch (kbdScan)						//control keys
-	{
-		case KBD_SCAN_LSHIFT:
-			kbdFlags |= KBD_SHIFT;
-			kbdAscii = 1;
-			break;
-		case KBD_SCAN_RSHIFT:
-			kbdFlags |= KBD_SHIFT;
-			kbdAscii = 1;
-			break;
-		case KBD_SCAN_LCTRL:
-			kbdFlags |= KBD_CTRL;
-			kbdAscii = 1;
-			break;
-		case KBD_SCAN_LALT:
-			kbdFlags |= KBD_ALT;			
-			kbdAscii = 1;
-			break;
-
-		case KBD_SCAN_LSHIFT + KBD_SCAN_RELEASED:
-			kbdFlags &= (KBD_SHIFT ^ 0xFF);
-			kbdAscii = 1;
-			break;
-		case KBD_SCAN_RSHIFT + KBD_SCAN_RELEASED:
-			kbdFlags &= (KBD_SHIFT ^ 0xFF);
-			kbdAscii = 1;
-			break;
-		case KBD_SCAN_LCTRL + KBD_SCAN_RELEASED:
-			kbdFlags &= (KBD_CTRL ^ 0xFF);
-			kbdAscii = 1;
-			break;
-		case KBD_SCAN_LALT + KBD_SCAN_RELEASED:
-			kbdFlags &= (KBD_ALT ^ 0xFF);
-			kbdAscii = 1;
-			break;
-
-		case KBD_SCAN_CAPS+KBD_SCAN_RELEASED:
-			kbdFlags ^= KBD_CAPS;
-			kbdAscii = 1;
-			kbd_resetLEDs();				//update LEDs
-			break;
-		case KBD_SCAN_SCROLL+KBD_SCAN_RELEASED:
-			kbdFlags ^= KBD_SCROLL;
-			kbdAscii = 1;
-			kbd_resetLEDs();				//update LEDs
-			break;
-		case KBD_SCAN_NUM+KBD_SCAN_RELEASED:
-			kbdFlags ^= KBD_NUM;
-			kbdAscii = 1;
-			kbd_resetLEDs();				//update LEDs
-			break;
-	}
-	if (kbdAscii == 1)
-	{
-		if (kbdExt > 0)
-			kbdExt--;
-		eoi();
-		return;
-	}
-//====determine ASCII value of key::
-	if (kbdExt > 0)						//extended key, kbdScan holds extended key
-	{
-		kbdExt--;
-		kbdAscii = 1;
-		switch (kbdScan)
-		{
-			case KBD_SCANE_ENTER:
-				kbdAscii = '\n';	break;
-			case 53:				// '/' character (divide on numpad)
-				kbdAscii = '/';		break;
-		}
-	}
-	else if (kbdExt2 > 0)					//extended key 2
-	{
-		kbdExt2--;
-//		if (kbdScan == 69)				// (pause|break)
-//			kbdAscii = 2;				//flag ascii value of 1 means control character (pausebreak)
-//		else
-			kbdAscii = 2;				//flag ascii value of 2 means ignore key (or unknown value)
-	}
-	else							//not an extended key
-	{
-			// if letter key
-		if (((kbdScan >= 16) && (kbdScan <= 25)) || ((kbdScan >= 30) && (kbdScan <= 38)) || ((kbdScan >= 44) && (kbdScan <= 50)))
-		{
-			// if caps and shift are different (either one pressed, not both)
-			if (((kbdFlags & KBD_SHIFT) != 0) & ((kbdFlags & KBD_CAPS) != 0))
-				kbdAscii = SCAN2ASCII[kbdScan & 0x7F];
-			else if (((kbdFlags & KBD_SHIFT) == 0) & ((kbdFlags & KBD_CAPS) == 0))
-				kbdAscii = SCAN2ASCII[kbdScan & 0x7F];
-			else
-				kbdAscii = SCAN2ASCIISHIFT[kbdScan & 0x7F];
-		}
-			// if numpad key
-		else if ((kbdScan >= 71) && (kbdScan <= 83))
-		{
-			// if numlock on
-			if (kbdFlags & KBD_NUM)
-				kbdAscii = SCAN2ASCIISHIFT[kbdScan & 0x7F];
-			else
-				kbdAscii = SCAN2ASCII[kbdScan & 0x7F];
-		}
-			// other key
-		else
-		{
-			if ((kbdFlags & KBD_SHIFT) != 0)
-				kbdAscii = SCAN2ASCIISHIFT[kbdScan & 0x7F];
-			else
-				kbdAscii = SCAN2ASCII[kbdScan & 0x7F];
-		}
-	}
-
-//====do something with key::
-//	printf("kbdScan == %d\nkbdAscii == %d\nkbdFlags == %d\n", kbdScan, kbdAscii, kbdFlags);
-	if ((kbdScan == 83) && (kbdFlags & KBD_CTRL) && (kbdFlags & KBD_ALT))
-	{
-		printf("Initiating reboot.");
-		restart();
-	}
-	if (kbdAscii == 2)							//unknown key / ignore key
-	{
-		eoi();
-		return;
-	}
-	if (kbdScan < KBD_SCAN_RELEASED)					//a key was pressed, save it
-	{
-		if (kbdBufferLen >= KBD_BUFFER_LENGTH)				//no key slots available
-		{
-			eoi();
-			return;
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			kbdBuffer[(kbdBufferStart+kbdBufferLen++)%KBD_BUFFER_LENGTH] = (dword) ((kbdFlags << 16) | (kbdScan << 8) | kbdAscii);
-//			printf("S:%d\tL:%d\tR:%x\n", kbdBufferStart, kbdBufferLen, kbdBuffer[kbdBufferStart]);
-		}
-	}
-
-	eoi();
-
-}
-
-//Switches the case of an ASCII character
-/*inline byte (byte asciiCode)
-{
-	if ((asciiCode >= 'A') & (asciiCode <= 'Z'))
-		return (asciiCode + ('a' - 'A'));
-	if ((asciiCode >= 'a') & (asciiCode <= 'z'))
-		return (asciiCode - ('a' - 'A'));
-	return asciiCode;
-}*/
-
-//Gets a key from the buffer, returns 0 if no keys available, returns immediately
-dword kbdGetKey()
-{
-	if (kbdBufferLen == 0)					//buffer empty
-		return 0;
-	dword retVal = kbdBuffer[kbdBufferStart];
-	kbdBufferStart++;
-	kbdBufferLen--;
-	if (kbdBufferStart >= KBD_BUFFER_LENGTH)
-		kbdBufferStart = 0;
-	return retVal;
-}
-
-//Gets a key from the buffer, if no keys available, waits for one to be entered
-dword kbdWaitKey()
-{
-	for (;;)
-	{
-		if (kbdBufferLen != 0)					//buffer empty
-			break;
-	}		
-	dword retVal = kbdBuffer[kbdBufferStart];
-	kbdBufferStart++;
-	kbdBufferLen--;
-	if (kbdBufferStart >= KBD_BUFFER_LENGTH)
-		kbdBufferStart = 0;
-	return retVal;
-}
-
-//Resets the keyboard LEDs to reflect the current state of the num lock, caps lock, and scroll lock bits
-inline void kbd_resetLEDs()
-{
-	outportb(0x60, 0xED);
-	//outportb(0x60, (kbdFlags & 0x07));
-	ackReason = 0xED;
-}
-
-
-
-
-
-

keyboard.h

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-//Keyboard.h
-// Created: 04/17/03 Josh Holtrop
-// Modified: 05/07/03
-//for HOS
-
-#define KBD_SCROLL 0x01
-#define KBD_NUM 0x02
-#define KBD_CAPS 0x04
-#define KBD_SHIFT 0x10
-#define KBD_CTRL 0x20
-#define KBD_ALT 0x40
-
-#define KBD_SCAN_RELEASED 128
-
-#define KBD_SCAN_LCTRL 29
-#define KBD_SCAN_LSHIFT 42
-#define KBD_SCAN_RSHIFT 54
-#define KBD_SCAN_LALT 56
-#define KBD_SCAN_SCROLL 70
-#define KBD_SCAN_CAPS 58
-#define KBD_SCAN_NUM 69
-
-#define KBD_SCANE_PRINTSCREEN 55
-#define KBD_SCANE_INS 82
-#define KBD_SCANE_HOME 71
-#define KBD_SCANE_PGUP 73
-#define KBD_SCANE_DEL 83
-#define KBD_SCANE_END 79
-#define KBD_SCANE_PGDN 81
-#define KBD_SCANE_ENTER 28
-
-#define KBD_SCANE_NULL 42
-
-
-
-//====PROTOTYPES:
-
-void isr_keyboard();
-inline void kbd_resetLEDs();
-inline byte kbd_ascii(dword keycode);
-inline byte kbd_scancode(dword keycode);
-inline byte kbd_flags(dword keycode);
-inline byte switchCase(byte asciiCode);
-dword kbdGetKey();
-dword kbdWaitKey();
-
-

kio.c

@@ -1,133 +0,0 @@
-
-//kio.c
-// Author: Josh Holtrop
-// Created: 12/25/03
-// Modified: 12/25/03
-
-
-// This is the main output routine, it uses a format string and a variable
-//  number of arguments to print formatted text
-void	printf(char *fmt, ...)
-{
-	dword *params = ((dword *)(&fmt)) + 1;		//points to the first paramater
-	int i;
-	int special = 0;
-	for (i = 0; ; i++)
-	{
-		if (special)
-		{
-			special = 0;
-			switch (fmt[i])
-			{
-			case 0:
-				return;
-			case '%':
-				putc('%');
-				break;
-			case 's': case 'S':
-				puts((char *)*params);
-				params++;
-				break;
-			case 'c': case 'C':
-				putc(*params);
-				params++;
-				break;
-			case 'd': case 'D':
-				putDec(*params);
-				params++;
-				break;
-			case 'u': case 'U':
-				putDecu(*params);
-				params++;
-				break;
-			case 'x': case 'X':
-				putHex(*params);
-				params++;
-				break;
-			}
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			switch (fmt[i])
-			{
-			case '%':
-				special = 1;
-				break;
-			case 0:
-				return;
-			default:
-				putc(fmt[i]);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-
-// This function draws a single character
-void	putc(dword chr)
-{
- 	char charac = (char)chr;
-	word *vidmem = (word *)0xC00B8000;
-	if (charac == '\n')
-	{
-		if (cursorPosition % 80)
-			cursorPosition = cursorPosition + 80 - (cursorPosition % 80);
-		else
-			cursorPosition += 80;
-	}
-	else if (charac == '\t')
-	{
-		if (cursorPosition % 8)
-			cursorPosition = cursorPosition + 8 - (cursorPosition % 8);
-		else
-			cursorPosition += 8;
-	}
-	else
-	{
-		if (videoMode)
-		{
-			console_memory[cursorPosition] = charac | 0x0700;
-			video_drawConsoleChar(cursorPosition);
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			console_memory[cursorPosition] = charac | 0x0700;
-			vidmem[cursorPosition] = charac | 0x0700;
-		}
-		cursorPosition++;
-	}
-	if (cursorPosition >= 2000)
-	{
-		console_scroll();
-		cursorPosition = 2000-80;
-		if (videoMode)
-			video_drawConsole();
-	}
-	if (!videoMode)
-		writeCursorPosition(cursorPosition);
-}
-
-
-// This function displays a number in hexadecimal
-int putHex(dword number)
-{
-	int hitNum = 0;
-	int i;
-	for (i = 7; i >= 0; i--)
-	{
-		dword val = (number >> (i*4)) & 0xF;
-		if ((val != 0) || (i == 0))
-			hitNum = 1;
-		if (hitNum)
-		{
-			val = val + '0';
-			if (val > '9')
-				val = val + ('A' - '9' - 1);
-			putc(val);
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-
-
-

kio.h

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-//kio.h
-// Author: Josh Holtrop
-// Created: 12/25/03
-// Modified: 12/25/03
-
-
-
-void	printf(char *fmt, ...);
-void	putc(dword chr);
-int	putHex(dword number);
-
-
-dword	cursorPosition = 0;		//Caches the current cursor position
-
-

link.bat

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-ld -nodefaultlibs -nostdlib -T link.ld -o kernel.bin -Map .\lst\LDout.doc ks.o kernel.o asmfuncs.o

link.ld

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-OUTPUT_FORMAT("binary")
-ENTRY(start)
-SECTIONS
-{
-  .text  0xC0106000 : {
-    code = .; _code = .; __code = .;
-    *(.text)
-    . = ALIGN(4096);
-  }
-  .data  : {
-    data = .; _data = .; __data = .;
-    *(.data)
-    . = ALIGN(4096);
-  }
-  .bss  :
-  {
-    bss = .; _bss = .; __bss = .;
-    *(.bss)
-    . = ALIGN(4096);
-  }
-  end = .; _end = .; __end = .;
-}

mm.c

@@ -1,121 +0,0 @@
-// mm.c
-// Author: Josh Holtrop
-// Created: 09/01/03
-// Modified: 12/28/03
-
-//The total amount of physical memory available (bytes)
-#define BITMAP_SIZE	0x20000
-dword	mm_totalmem = 0;
-dword	mm_megabytes;
-byte	page_bitmap[BITMAP_SIZE];		//used to store a bit for each page that is used, 0 if available
-					//0x20000*(8 bits/byte)=0x100000 pages in 4gb total
-
-//This function initializes the memory manager's linked list, filling it with the
-// memory areas returned by bios interrupt 0x8E20
-void	mm_init()
-{
-	dword	memmap_entries = *(dword *)0xC009040A;
-	memmap_entry	*maps = (memmap_entry *) 0xC0092000;
-	dword a;
- 	for (a = 0; a < BITMAP_SIZE; a++)
- 	{
- 		page_bitmap[a] = 0xFF;	//all pages used
- 	}
-	for (a = 0; a < memmap_entries; a++)
-	{
-		if (maps[a].attributes == 1)		// (1) mem free to OS
-		{
-			mm_totalmem += maps[a].limit.lowdword;
-			if  ((maps[a].base.lowdword + maps[a].limit.lowdword) >= (FREERAM_START+4096))	//goes past where we start freeram
-			{
-				if (maps[a].base.lowdword < FREERAM_START)
-				{
-					mm_pfreen(FREERAM_START, (maps[a].limit.lowdword - (FREERAM_START - maps[a].base.lowdword)) >> 12);
-				}
-				else
-				{
-					mm_pfreen(maps[a].base.lowdword, maps[a].limit.lowdword >> 12);	//set the appropriate bits as "free" in the page bitmap
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	if (mm_totalmem % 0x100000)
-		mm_megabytes = (mm_totalmem >> 20) + 1;
-	else
-		mm_megabytes = mm_totalmem >> 20;
-}
-
-
-// This function frees a certain number of pages starting at the address
-//  specified in base for a length of pages pages
-void	mm_pfreen(dword base, dword pages)
-{
-	dword a;
-	dword max = base + (pages << 12);
-	for (a = base; a < max; a += 4096)
-	{
-		mm_pfree(a);
-	}
-}
-
-
-// This function frees a single page
-void	mm_pfree(dword base)
-{
-//	dword pageNumber = base >> 12;	// >>12 == /4096
-	dword byteNumber = base >> 15;	//pageNumber >> 3;	//pageNumber/8
-	dword bitNumber = (base >> 12) % 8; //pageNumber % 8;
-	page_bitmap[byteNumber] = page_bitmap[byteNumber] & ((0x01 << bitNumber) ^ 0xFF);
-}
-
-
-// This function allocates a single page, returning its physical address
-void	*mm_palloc()
-{
-	dword bite;
-	for (bite = 0; bite < BITMAP_SIZE; bite++)
-	{
-		if (page_bitmap[bite] != 0xFF)	//there is an available page within this 8-page region
-		{
-			int bit;
-			for (bit = 0; bit < 8; bit++)
-			{
-				if (!(page_bitmap[bite] & (1 << bit)))	//this bite/bit combination is available
-				{
-					page_bitmap[bite] = page_bitmap[bite] | (1 << bit);	//set page as used
-					return (void *)((bite << 15) | (bit << 12));
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return 0;	//no free page
-}
-
-
-// This function reports the number of bytes of free physical memory
-dword	mm_freemem()
-{
-	dword a;
-	dword pages = 0;
-	for (a = 0; a < BITMAP_SIZE; a++)
-	{
-		int bit;
-		for (bit = 0; bit < 8; bit++)
-		{
-			if (!(page_bitmap[a] & (1 << bit)))
-				pages++;
-		}
-	}
-	return pages << 12;
-}
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

mm.h

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-
-
-typedef struct {
-	qword	base;
-	qword	limit;
-	dword	attributes;
-} __attribute__((packed)) memmap_entry;
-
-
-
-void	mm_init();
-void	mm_pfreen(dword base, dword pages);
-void	mm_pfree(dword base);
-void	*mm_palloc();
-dword	mm_freemem();
-
-
-
-
-
-

mouse.c

@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-// mouse.c
-// 10/03/03
-// Author: Josh Holtrop
-
-
-//This method initializes the ps/2 mouse
-void mouse_init()
-{
-	outportb(0x64, 0x20);		//tell keyboard controller we are going to read keyboard controller command byte
-	byte temp = inportb(0x60);	//read keyboard controller command byte
-	outportb(0x64, 0x60);		//tell keyboard controller we are going to write keyboard controller command byte
-	outportb(0x60, 0x03 | (temp&0x40));	//write keyboard controller command byte: enable mouse/keyboard ints, include original XLATE bit from temp (bit6)
-
- 	outportb(0x64, 0xA8);	//enable mouse port
-
-	outportb(0x64, 0xD4);	//send command to mouse, not kbd
-	outportb(0x60, 0xF4);	//enable data reporting
-	
-	mouse_x = video_mode.XResolution >> 1;
-	mouse_y = video_mode.YResolution >> 1;
-
-	//outportb(0x64, 0xD4);
-	//outportb(0x60, 0xE7);	//scaling 2:1
-}
-
-
-//This method is called when a mouse interrupt occurs
-void isr_mouse()
-{
-	byte inb = inportb(0x60);	//read mouse byte
-	if ((inb == 0xFA) && (mouse_bytesRead < 1))		//ACK
-		return;
-	mouse_inbuffer[mouse_bytesRead] = inb;
-	mouse_bytesRead++;
-	if (mouse_bytesRead == 3)	//complete packet received
-	{
-		mouse_bytesRead = 0;
-		int adjx = (char) mouse_inbuffer[1];
-		int adjy = (char) mouse_inbuffer[2];
-		mouse_x += adjx;
-		mouse_y -= adjy;						//-= because screen y coordinates are opposite mouse y coordinates
-		if (mouse_x < 0)
-			mouse_x = 0;
-		if (mouse_x >= video_mode.XResolution)
-			mouse_x = video_mode.XResolution - 1;
-		if (mouse_y < 0)
-			mouse_y = 0;
-		if (mouse_y >= video_mode.YResolution)
-			mouse_y = video_mode.YResolution - 1;
-		if (mouse_inbuffer[0] & 0x01)	//left button
-			video_pset(mouse_x, mouse_y, 0x00FF8800);
-		else
-			video_pset(mouse_x, mouse_y, 0x00FFFFFF);
-	}
-}
-
-
-
-
-

mouse.h

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-// mouse.h
-// 10/03/03
-// Author: Josh Holtrop
-
-
-int mouse_x;
-int mouse_y;
-int mouse_bytesRead = 0;
-byte mouse_inbuffer[16];
-
-void mouse_init();
-void isr_mouse();
-
-
-
-
-

rd.c

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-// rd.c
-// Author: Josh Holtrop
-// Created: 12/31/03
-// Modified: 01/04/04
-
-
-byte	*rd_readSector(DiskDevice *rd, dword sector, byte *dest)
-{
-	memcpy(dest, (void *)(rd->location + (sector * 512)), 512);
-	return dest;
-}
-
-
-

rd.h

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-// rd.h
-// Author: Josh Holtrop
-// Created: 12/31/03
-// Modified: 01/04/04
-
-
-byte	*rd_readSector(DiskDevice *rd, dword sector, byte *dest);
-
-

readme.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+HOS - Holtrop's Operating System
+--------------------------------
+
+HOS is (in the process of becoming) a 32-bit, protected mode, graphical, multitasking operating system.
+It was written by me, Josh Holtrop, with help from a few others along the way.
+
+
+Goals: (A = accomplished, P = in progress, T = todo)
+----------------------------------------------------
+(A) Custom bootloader to load kernel from FAT-formatted boot media, options for video mode/ram disk
+(A) Multiboot compliance - kernel can be loaded by GRUB
+(A) 32-bit protected mode environment
+(A) VESA Support for graphics modes
+(A) PS/2 keyboard & mouse drivers
+(A) Utilize x86's paging architecture for virtual memory management
+
+(P) Console Manager
+(P) VFS abstraction layer for a single file system
+(P) ram disk driver
+(P) devfs file system driver
+(P) ext2 file system support
+
+(T) vfat file system support
+(T) Multitasking support
+(T) HASH command shell
+(T) Window Manager
+(T) Various other utilities/applications
+(T) Hard Drive (ATA) driver
+(T) cdrom (ATAPI) driver
+
+
+Change Log
+----------
+0.16
+12/16/04 - initrd going to be loaded as a gzipped ext2 image (kernel module) - faster loading!
+
+0.15
+07/10/04 - Multiboot support added, loadable by GRUB
+
+0.14
+05/21/04 - C++ support in kernel, can use classes & templates
+04/04/04 - video_line function for diagonal lines
+03/16/04 - new VFS design with support for a loop device
+03/01/04 - Thanks to Ben Meyer for helping me get a Makefile working and building on linux to work!
+
+0.13
+01/26/04 - functions added to read/write CMOS clock date and time
+01/19/04 - fixed bug GDTR/IDTR pointing to physical rather than linear table base address
+01/07/04 - fixed bug not reading sectors correctly from floppy
+12/28/03 - fixed bug not storing eax on interrupt
+12/25/03 - fixed bug in mm_palloc()
+12/25/03 - incorporated output functions as regular functions rather than as part of a linked library
+12/23/03 - re-written physical memory manager using bitmap instead of stack
+12/22/03 - kernel relocated to 3gb linear / 1mb+24kb physical to allow for app. address space
+
+0.12
+12/21/03 - sample bmp loader tested, works (tests loading a kernel of size ~ 932kb)
+12/20/03 - GDT/IDT now located at 1mb physical, before kernel
+10/30/03 - turns floppy motor off
+10/30/03 - keyboard LEDs working
+10/29/03 - paging functions working
+10/15/03 - physical memory management page allocators working
+
+0.11
+10/09/03 - PS/2 mouse driver
+
+0.10
+09/11/03 - Rewritten C and assembly kernel with VESA GUI mode support, keyboard driver
+
+0.05
+05/14/03 - HGUI24/HGUI32 commands finished for testing GUI on both 24bpp and 32bpp graphics cards
+05/14/03 - first web release!
+
+0.04
+03/09/03 - added VM shortcut command
+03/09/03 - press up to fill retrieve last inputted command for Nate Scholten
+03/08/03 - press clear to clear console input
+03/07/03 - added "shortcut" commands PC, IC, ? for Nate Scholten
+03/06/03 - added PROMPTC, INPUTC commands
+
+0.03
+12/30/02 - Command Line Interface working, accepting basic commands
+
+0.02
+12/11/02 - Assembly bootsector can load stage2 ("console")
+
+0.01
+12/01/02 - Real mode assembly bootsector boots from floppy disk successfully
+

rscons

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+# Copyright (c) 2013-2022 Josh Holtrop
+#
+# MIT License
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+# a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+# "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+# without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+# distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+# permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+# the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+# included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+# MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+# NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+# LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+# OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+# WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+
+script = File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), ".rscons-3.1.0-4892f95d56c30bbe9aa0c9964062ec5b.rb")
+unless File.exist?(script)
+  if File.read(__FILE__, mode: "rb") =~ /^#==>(.*)/
+    require "zlib"
+    require "base64"
+    encoded_compressed = $1
+    unescaped_compressed = Base64.decode64(encoded_compressed)
+    inflated = Zlib::Inflate.inflate(unescaped_compressed)
+    File.open(script, "wb") do |fh|
+      fh.write(inflated)
+    end
+  else
+    raise "Could not decompress."
+  end
+end
+load script
+if __FILE__ == $0
+  Rscons::Cli.new.run(ARGV)
+end
+#==>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 truncated

src/fontgen/fontgen.c

@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <ft2build.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include FT_FREETYPE_H
+#include <string.h>
+#include <strings.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+
+#define N_CHARS 128
+
+#define round_up_26_6(val) (((val) + 63) >> 6u)
+
+int max_advance;
+int max_top = -9999;
+int min_bottom = 9999;
+int line_height;
+int baseline_offset;
+
+typedef struct {
+    int width;
+    int height;
+    int top;
+    int left;
+    uint8_t * bitmap;
+} char_info_t;
+
+static char_info_t char_infos[N_CHARS];
+
+static void load_char(FT_Face face, int char_code)
+{
+    if (FT_Load_Char(face, char_code, FT_LOAD_RENDER) != 0)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+    int advance = round_up_26_6(face->glyph->advance.x);
+    if (advance > max_advance)
+    {
+        max_advance = advance;
+    }
+    if ((face->glyph->bitmap.width == 0) ||
+            (face->glyph->bitmap.rows == 0))
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+    char_infos[char_code].width = face->glyph->bitmap.width;
+    char_infos[char_code].height = face->glyph->bitmap.rows;
+    char_infos[char_code].top = face->glyph->bitmap_top;
+    if (char_infos[char_code].top > max_top)
+    {
+        max_top = char_infos[char_code].top;
+    }
+    int bottom = char_infos[char_code].top - char_infos[char_code].height;
+    if (bottom < min_bottom)
+    {
+        min_bottom = bottom;
+    }
+    char_infos[char_code].left = face->glyph->bitmap_left;
+    char_infos[char_code].bitmap = malloc(char_infos[char_code].width * char_infos[char_code].height);
+    memcpy(char_infos[char_code].bitmap,
+            face->glyph->bitmap.buffer,
+            char_infos[char_code].width * char_infos[char_code].height);
+}
+
+static void generate_bytes(FILE * file, const uint8_t * bytes, int count)
+{
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
+    {
+        if (i % 8 == 0)
+        {
+            fprintf(file, "                ");
+        }
+        fprintf(file, "0x%02xu,", bytes[i]);
+        if ((i + 1) % 8 == 0)
+        {
+            fprintf(file, "\n");
+        }
+        else if (i < (count - 1))
+        {
+            fprintf(file, " ");
+        }
+    }
+    if (count % 8 != 0)
+    {
+        fprintf(file, "\n");
+    }
+}
+
+static void generate(const char * d_file_name)
+{
+    FILE * fh = fopen(d_file_name, "wb");
+    fprintf(fh, "module hulk.kfont;\n");
+    fprintf(fh, "struct CharInfo {\n");
+    fprintf(fh, "    uint width;\n");
+    fprintf(fh, "    uint height;\n");
+    fprintf(fh, "    int top;\n");
+    fprintf(fh, "    int left;\n");
+    fprintf(fh, "    const ubyte[] bitmap;\n");
+    fprintf(fh, "};\n");
+    fprintf(fh, "struct FontInfo {\n");
+    fprintf(fh, "    uint line_height;\n");
+    fprintf(fh, "    uint advance;\n");
+    fprintf(fh, "    int baseline_offset;\n");
+    fprintf(fh, "    const CharInfo[] chars;\n");
+    fprintf(fh, "};\n");
+    fprintf(fh, "__gshared const FontInfo kfont = {\n");
+    fprintf(fh, "    %du,\n", line_height);
+    fprintf(fh, "    %du,\n", max_advance);
+    fprintf(fh, "    %d,\n", baseline_offset);
+    fprintf(fh, "    [\n");
+    for (int i = 0; i < N_CHARS; i++)
+    {
+        fprintf(fh, "        CharInfo(\n");
+        fprintf(fh, "            %du,\n", char_infos[i].width);
+        fprintf(fh, "            %du,\n", char_infos[i].height);
+        fprintf(fh, "            %d,\n", char_infos[i].top);
+        fprintf(fh, "            %d,\n", char_infos[i].left);
+        if (char_infos[i].width > 0)
+        {
+            fprintf(fh, "            [\n");
+            generate_bytes(fh, char_infos[i].bitmap, char_infos[i].width * char_infos[i].height);
+            fprintf(fh, "            ]\n");
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            fprintf(fh, "            []\n");
+        }
+        fprintf(fh, "        ),\n");
+    }
+    fprintf(fh, "    ],\n");
+    fprintf(fh, "};\n");
+    fclose(fh);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char * argv[])
+{
+    /* Expect: font file, size, out file */
+    if (argc != 4)
+    {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Incorrect arguments\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+    const char * font_file = argv[1];
+    int size = atoi(argv[2]);
+    const char * out_file = argv[3];
+
+    FT_Library ft_library;
+    if (FT_Init_FreeType(&ft_library) != 0)
+    {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Could not initialize freetype\n");
+        return 2;
+    }
+
+    FT_Face face;
+    if (FT_New_Face(ft_library, font_file, 0, &face) != 0)
+    {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Could not open %s\n", font_file);
+        return 3;
+    }
+
+    FT_Set_Pixel_Sizes(face, 0, size);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < N_CHARS; i++)
+    {
+        load_char(face, i);
+    }
+    line_height = round_up_26_6(face->size->metrics.height);
+    baseline_offset = (line_height - (max_top - min_bottom)) / 2 - min_bottom;
+
+    generate(out_file);
+
+    return 0;
+}

src/hello/console.d

@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+/**
+ * HELLO console support.
+ */
+module hello.console;
+
+import uefi;
+import hello.hello;
+import core.stdc.stdarg;
+
+struct console
+{
+    /**
+     * Format a hexadecimal value to a string.
+     *
+     * @param s String buffer.
+     * @param v Value to format.
+     * @param ptr If true, always output all 16 digits, and separate the upper and
+     *   lower halves with an underscore.
+     */
+    private static size_t format_hex(CHAR16 * s, ulong v, bool ptr)
+    {
+        string hex_chars = "0123456789ABCDEF";
+        bool print = ptr;
+        size_t si = 0u;
+        for (size_t i = 0u; i < 16u; i++)
+        {
+            if (ptr && (i == 8u))
+            {
+                s[si++] = '_';
+            }
+            ulong n = (v >> (60u - 4u * i)) & 0xFu;
+            if (n != 0u)
+            {
+                print = true;
+            }
+            if (print || (i == 15u))
+            {
+                s[si++] = hex_chars[n];
+            }
+        }
+        return si;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Format a decimal value to a string.
+     *
+     * @param s String buffer.
+     * @param v Value to format.
+     */
+    private static size_t format_dec(CHAR16 * s, ulong v)
+    {
+        string dec_chars = "0123456789";
+        bool print;
+        char[20] buf;
+        size_t buf_i;
+        while ((buf_i == 0u) || (v != 0u))
+        {
+            ulong n = v % 10u;
+            buf[buf_i++] = dec_chars[n];
+            v /= 10u;
+        }
+        for (size_t si = 0u; si < buf_i; si++)
+        {
+            s[si] = buf[buf_i - si - 1u];
+        }
+        return buf_i;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write a string to the console.
+     *
+     * @param s Format string.
+     * @param args Variable arguments structure.
+     */
+    public static void write(string s, va_list args)
+    {
+        __gshared static CHAR16[256] s16;
+        size_t i = 0u;
+        bool escape = false;
+        foreach (char c; s)
+        {
+            if (escape)
+            {
+                if (c == '%')
+                {
+                    s16[i++] = '%';
+                }
+                else if (c == 'x')
+                {
+                    ulong v;
+                    va_arg(args, v);
+                    i += format_hex(&s16[i], v, false);
+                }
+                else if (c == 'p')
+                {
+                    ulong v;
+                    va_arg(args, v);
+                    i += format_hex(&s16[i], v, true);
+                }
+                else if (c == 'S')
+                {
+                    const(CHAR16) * s2;
+                    va_arg(args, s2);
+                    for (size_t s2_i = 0u; s2[s2_i] != 0; s2_i++)
+                    {
+                        s16[i++] = s2[s2_i];
+                    }
+                }
+                else if (c == 'u')
+                {
+                    ulong v;
+                    va_arg(args, v);
+                    i += format_dec(&s16[i], v);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    s16[i++] = c;
+                }
+                escape = false;
+            }
+            else if (c == '%')
+            {
+                escape = true;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                s16[i++] = c;
+            }
+        }
+        s16[i++] = 0u;
+        st.ConOut.OutputString(st.ConOut, &s16[0]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write a string to the console.
+     *
+     * @param s Format string.
+     */
+    public static extern (C) void write(string s, ...)
+    {
+        va_list args;
+        va_start(args, s);
+        write(s, args);
+        va_end(args);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write a string to the console.
+     *
+     * @param s Format string.
+     */
+    public static extern (C) void writeln(string s, ...)
+    {
+        va_list args;
+        va_start(args, s);
+        write(s, args);
+        write("\r\n", args);
+        va_end(args);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write a message to press any key and wait for a key to be pressed.
+     */
+    public static void wait_key()
+    {
+        writeln("Press any key...");
+        st.ConIn.Reset(st.ConIn, FALSE);
+        EFI_INPUT_KEY key;
+        while (st.ConIn.ReadKeyStroke(st.ConIn, &key) == EFI_NOT_READY)
+        {
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clear the console.
+     */
+    public static void clear()
+    {
+        st.ConOut.ClearScreen(st.ConOut);
+    }
+}

src/hello/hello.d

@@ -0,0 +1,562 @@
+/**
+ * HELLO, the HOS EFI Lightweight LOader.
+ */
+module hello.hello;
+
+import uefi;
+import hello.console;
+import hulk.bootinfo;
+import hulk.header;
+import hulk.pagetable;
+import hulk.cpu;
+import hulk.memory;
+import ldc.llvmasm;
+
+__gshared EFI_SYSTEM_TABLE * st;
+/** HULK binary start address, 4KB-aligned. */
+extern extern(C) __gshared ubyte _hulk_bin_start;
+/** HULK binary end address, 4KB-aligned. */
+extern extern(C) __gshared ubyte _hulk_bin_end;
+private align(4096) __gshared ubyte[1024 * 1024] scratch_buffer;
+/** Index to the memory map region being used to allocate page tables. */
+private __gshared size_t memory_map_page_table_alloc_index;
+
+private HulkHeader * hulk_header()
+{
+    return cast(HulkHeader *)&_hulk_bin_start;
+}
+
+private BootInfo * bootinfo()
+{
+    return &hulk_header().bootinfo;
+}
+
+private ulong hulk_bin_phys()
+{
+    return cast(ulong)&_hulk_bin_start;
+}
+
+private ulong hulk_bin_size()
+{
+    return cast(ulong)&_hulk_bin_end - cast(ulong)&_hulk_bin_start;
+}
+
+private ulong hulk_bss_size()
+{
+    return cast(ulong)hulk_header().hulk_bss_size;
+}
+
+private ulong hulk_stack_size()
+{
+    return hulk_header().stack_size;
+}
+
+private ulong hulk_virt_base_address()
+{
+    return hulk_header().virt_base;
+}
+
+private ulong hulk_virt_stack_top()
+{
+    return hulk_header().virt_stack_top;
+}
+
+private ulong hulk_virt_framebuffer_address()
+{
+    return hulk_header().virt_fb_buffer;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Detect if we're running in QEMU.
+ */
+private bool in_qemu()
+{
+    ulong * firmware_vendor = cast(ulong *) st.FirmwareVendor;
+    ulong fv1 = firmware_vendor[0];
+    return fv1 ==
+        ((cast(ulong)'E') |
+         (cast(ulong)'D' << 16) |
+         (cast(ulong)'K' << 32) |
+         (cast(ulong)' ' << 48));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set a graphics mode.
+ */
+private bool set_graphics_mode()
+{
+    uint max_horizontal_resolution = in_qemu() ? 1920u : 0xFFFFFFFFu;
+    UINTN buffer_size = scratch_buffer.sizeof;
+    EFI_GUID gop_guid = EFI_GRAPHICS_OUTPUT_PROTOCOL_GUID;
+    EFI_HANDLE * handles = cast(EFI_HANDLE *)&scratch_buffer[0];
+    EFI_STATUS status = st.BootServices.LocateHandle(ByProtocol,
+            &gop_guid, null, &buffer_size, handles);
+    if (status != EFI_SUCCESS)
+    {
+        console.writeln("LocateHandle: error %x", status);
+        return false;
+    }
+    EFI_HANDLE gop_handle = handles[0];
+    EFI_HANDLE gop_interface;
+    status = st.BootServices.HandleProtocol(gop_handle,
+            &gop_guid, &gop_interface);
+    if (status != EFI_SUCCESS)
+    {
+        console.writeln("HandleProtocol: error %x", status);
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (gop_interface == null)
+    {
+        console.writeln("null interface from HandleProtocol");
+        return false;
+    }
+    EFI_GRAPHICS_OUTPUT_PROTOCOL * gop = cast(EFI_GRAPHICS_OUTPUT_PROTOCOL *)gop_interface;
+    UINTN info_size;
+    EFI_GRAPHICS_OUTPUT_MODE_INFORMATION * info;
+    uint best_width;
+    uint best_mode_number;
+    for (uint mode_number = 0u;
+         (status = gop.QueryMode(gop, mode_number, &info_size, &info)) == EFI_SUCCESS;
+         mode_number++)
+    {
+        if ((info.HorizontalResolution > best_width) &&
+            (info.HorizontalResolution <= max_horizontal_resolution))
+        {
+            best_width = info.HorizontalResolution;
+            best_mode_number = mode_number;
+        }
+        st.BootServices.FreePool(info);
+    }
+    if ((status = gop.SetMode(gop, best_mode_number)) != EFI_SUCCESS)
+    {
+        console.writeln("SetMode: Error %x\n", status);
+        return false;
+    }
+    bootinfo().fb.buffer = cast(uint *)gop.Mode.FrameBufferBase;
+    bootinfo().fb.width = gop.Mode.Info.HorizontalResolution;
+    bootinfo().fb.height = gop.Mode.Info.VerticalResolution;
+    bootinfo().fb.stride = gop.Mode.Info.PixelsPerScanLine;
+    bootinfo().fb.format = gop.Mode.Info.PixelFormat;
+    return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Walk the EFI memory map and translate it to the HULK bootinfo format.
+ */
+private void get_memory_map(ulong * physical_address_limit, UINTN * memory_map_key)
+{
+    immutable static ubyte[] efi_to_hulk_memory_map_type = [
+        BootInfo.MemoryRegion.Type.Reserved, // EfiReservedMemoryType
+        BootInfo.MemoryRegion.Type.Bootloader, // EfiLoaderCode
+        BootInfo.MemoryRegion.Type.Bootloader, // EfiLoaderData
+        BootInfo.MemoryRegion.Type.Bootloader, // EfiBootServicesCode
+        BootInfo.MemoryRegion.Type.Bootloader, // EfiBootServicesData
+        BootInfo.MemoryRegion.Type.Reserved, // EfiRuntimeServicesCode
+        BootInfo.MemoryRegion.Type.Reserved, // EfiRuntimeServicesData
+        BootInfo.MemoryRegion.Type.Conventional, // EfiConventionalMemory
+        BootInfo.MemoryRegion.Type.Unusable, // EfiUnusableMemory
+        BootInfo.MemoryRegion.Type.ACPIReclaim, // EfiACPIReclaimMemory
+        BootInfo.MemoryRegion.Type.ACPINVS, // EfiACPIMemoryNVS
+        BootInfo.MemoryRegion.Type.MemoryMappedIO, // EfiMemoryMappedIO
+        BootInfo.MemoryRegion.Type.MemoryMappedIOPortSpace, // EfiMemoryMappedIOPortSpace
+        BootInfo.MemoryRegion.Type.PalCode, // EfiPalCode
+    ];
+    *physical_address_limit = 0u;
+    UINTN memory_map_size = scratch_buffer.sizeof;
+    UINTN descriptor_size;
+    UINT32 descriptor_version;
+    ubyte * scratch_base = cast(ubyte *)&scratch_buffer[0];
+    UINTN status = st.BootServices.GetMemoryMap(
+            &memory_map_size,
+            cast(EFI_MEMORY_DESCRIPTOR *)scratch_base,
+            memory_map_key,
+            &descriptor_size,
+            &descriptor_version);
+    if (status != EFI_SUCCESS)
+    {
+        console.writeln("GetMemoryMap: Error %x", status);
+        for (;;) {}
+    }
+    size_t n_entries = memory_map_size / descriptor_size;
+    size_t count;
+    bool found_bss;
+    bool found_stack;
+    bool found_fb_buffer1;
+    const(size_t) fb_size = (bootinfo().fb.stride * bootinfo().fb.height * 4u + PAGE_SIZE - 1u) & ~(PAGE_SIZE - 1u);
+    for (count = 0u; count < n_entries; count++)
+    {
+        if (count > bootinfo().memory_map.length)
+        {
+            console.writeln("Memory map too large");
+            for (;;) {}
+        }
+        EFI_MEMORY_DESCRIPTOR * descriptor = cast(EFI_MEMORY_DESCRIPTOR *)&scratch_base[count * descriptor_size];
+        ulong end_address = descriptor.PhysicalStart + descriptor.NumberOfPages * 4096u;
+        if ((end_address > *physical_address_limit) &&
+            ((descriptor.Type == EfiLoaderCode) ||
+             (descriptor.Type == EfiLoaderData) ||
+             (descriptor.Type == EfiBootServicesCode) ||
+             (descriptor.Type == EfiBootServicesData) ||
+             (descriptor.Type == EfiRuntimeServicesCode) ||
+             (descriptor.Type == EfiRuntimeServicesData) ||
+             (descriptor.Type == EfiConventionalMemory)))
+        {
+            *physical_address_limit = end_address;
+        }
+        if (descriptor.Type >= efi_to_hulk_memory_map_type.length)
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+        bootinfo().memory_map[count].base = descriptor.PhysicalStart;
+        bootinfo().memory_map[count].size = descriptor.NumberOfPages * 4096u;
+        bootinfo().memory_map[count].type = efi_to_hulk_memory_map_type[descriptor.Type];
+        if ((!found_bss) &&
+            (descriptor.Type == EfiConventionalMemory) &&
+            (bootinfo().memory_map[count].size >= hulk_bss_size()))
+        {
+            bootinfo().bss_phys = bootinfo().memory_map[count].base;
+            bootinfo().memory_map[count].base += hulk_bss_size();
+            bootinfo().memory_map[count].size -= hulk_bss_size();
+            found_bss = true;
+        }
+        if ((!found_stack) &&
+            (descriptor.Type == EfiConventionalMemory) &&
+            (bootinfo().memory_map[count].size >= hulk_stack_size()))
+        {
+            bootinfo().stack_phys = bootinfo().memory_map[count].base;
+            bootinfo().memory_map[count].base += hulk_stack_size();
+            bootinfo().memory_map[count].size -= hulk_stack_size();
+            found_stack = true;
+        }
+        if ((!found_fb_buffer1) &&
+            (descriptor.Type == EfiConventionalMemory) &&
+            (bootinfo().memory_map[count].size >= fb_size))
+        {
+            bootinfo().fb_buffer1_phys = bootinfo().memory_map[count].base;
+            bootinfo().memory_map[count].base += fb_size;
+            bootinfo().memory_map[count].size -= fb_size;
+            found_fb_buffer1 = true;
+        }
+    }
+    bootinfo().memory_map_count = count;
+    if ((!found_bss) || (!found_stack) || (!found_fb_buffer1))
+    {
+        for (;;) {}
+    }
+}
+
+private void * alloc_pt_page()
+{
+    BootInfo.MemoryRegion * regions = &bootinfo().memory_map[0];
+    for (;;)
+    {
+        BootInfo.MemoryRegion * region = &bootinfo().memory_map[memory_map_page_table_alloc_index];
+        if ((region.type == BootInfo.MemoryRegion.Type.Conventional) && (region.size >= PAGE_SIZE))
+        {
+            void * addr = cast(void *)region.base;
+            region.base += PAGE_SIZE;
+            region.size -= PAGE_SIZE;
+            return addr;
+        }
+        memory_map_page_table_alloc_index++;
+        if (memory_map_page_table_alloc_index >= bootinfo().memory_map_count)
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Allocate a new page table.
+ */
+private PageTable * new_page_table()
+{
+    PageTable * pt = cast(PageTable *)alloc_pt_page();
+    if (pt == null)
+    {
+        return null;
+    }
+    memset64(pt, 0u, 512);
+    return pt;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Map a virtual address to a physical address using 4KB pages.
+ *
+ * @param source_page Source page address.
+ * @param dest_page Destination page address.
+ * @param pt_base Page table base address.
+ */
+private bool map4k(ulong source_page, ulong dest_page, PageTable * pt_base)
+{
+    PageTable * pt = pt_base;
+    for (size_t level = 0; level < 4u; level++)
+    {
+        PageTableEntry * ppte = pt.entry(source_page, level);
+        PageTableEntry pte = *ppte;
+        if (pte.present)
+        {
+            pt = pte.follow();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            PageTable * next_pt;
+            ulong addr;
+            if (level < 3u)
+            {
+                next_pt = new_page_table();
+                if (next_pt == null)
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                addr = cast(ulong)next_pt;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                addr = dest_page;
+            }
+            *ppte = PageTableEntry(addr, PT_WRITABLE | PT_PRESENT);
+            pt = next_pt;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Map a virtual region to a physical region using 4KB pages.
+ *
+ * @param source Source address.
+ * @param dest Destination address.
+ * @param size Region size.
+ * @param pt_base Page table base address.
+ */
+private bool map4kregion(ulong source, ulong dest, size_t size, PageTable * pt_base)
+{
+    ulong end = source + size;
+    while (source < end)
+    {
+        if (!map4k(source, dest, pt_base))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+        source += 4096u;
+        dest += 4096u;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Map a virtual address to a physical address using 2MB pages.
+ *
+ * @param source_page Source page address.
+ * @param dest_page Destination page address.
+ * @param pt_base Page table base address.
+ */
+private bool map2m(ulong source_page, ulong dest_page, PageTable * pt_base)
+{
+    PageTable * pt = pt_base;
+    for (size_t level = 0; level < 3u; level++)
+    {
+        PageTableEntry * ppte = pt.entry(source_page, level);
+        PageTableEntry pte = *ppte;
+        if (pte.present)
+        {
+            pt = pte.follow();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            PageTable * next_pt;
+            if (level < 2u)
+            {
+                next_pt = new_page_table();
+                if (next_pt == null)
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                *ppte = PageTableEntry(next_pt, PT_WRITABLE | PT_PRESENT);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                *ppte = PageTableEntry(dest_page, PT_HUGE_PAGE | PT_WRITABLE | PT_PRESENT);
+            }
+            pt = next_pt;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Map HULK virtual addresses to physical kernel location.
+ *
+ * @param pt_base Page table base address.
+ */
+private bool map_hulk(PageTable * pt_base)
+{
+    /* Map HULK bin region. */
+    ulong virt = hulk_virt_base_address();
+    if (!map4kregion(virt, hulk_bin_phys(), hulk_bin_size(), pt_base))
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+    /* Map HULK bss region. */
+    virt += hulk_bin_size();
+    if (!map4kregion(virt, bootinfo().bss_phys, hulk_bss_size(), pt_base))
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+    /* Map HULK stack. */
+    virt = hulk_virt_stack_top() - hulk_stack_size();
+    if (!map4kregion(virt, bootinfo().stack_phys, hulk_stack_size(), pt_base))
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Build page tables in preparation to jump to HULK.
+ *
+ * @param physical_address_limit Maximum physical address to identity map.
+ */
+private bool build_page_tables(ulong physical_address_limit)
+{
+    PageTable * pt_base = new_page_table();
+    if (pt_base == null)
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+    /* Map physical RAM. */
+    for (size_t addr = 0u; addr < physical_address_limit; addr += (2u * 1024u * 1024u))
+    {
+        if (!map2m(addr, addr, pt_base))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    /* Map any memory regions that are outside physical RAM. */
+    for (size_t i = 0u; i < bootinfo().memory_map_count; i++)
+    {
+        ulong addr = bootinfo().memory_map[i].base;
+        if (addr >= physical_address_limit)
+        {
+            if (!map4kregion(addr, addr, bootinfo().memory_map[i].size, pt_base))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    /* Map graphics framebuffer. */
+    ulong framebuffer_size = bootinfo().fb.height * bootinfo().fb.stride * 4u;
+    ulong fb_phys = cast(ulong)bootinfo().fb.buffer;
+    ulong fb_virt = hulk_virt_framebuffer_address();
+    if (!map4kregion(fb_virt, fb_phys, framebuffer_size, pt_base))
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+    /* Map HULK regions. */
+    if (!map_hulk(pt_base))
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+    /* Switch to the new page table. */
+    write_cr3(cast(ulong)pt_base);
+    return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Jump to HULK entry point.
+ */
+private void jump_to_hulk()
+{
+    __asm(
+            "jmpq *$0",
+            "r,{rsp}",
+            hulk_header().entry, hulk_virt_stack_top());
+}
+
+/**
+ * Find the ACPI XSDT.
+ *
+ * @return Whether it was found.
+ */
+private bool find_acpi_xsdt()
+{
+    for (size_t i = 0u; i < st.NumberOfTableEntries; i++)
+    {
+        if ((st.ConfigurationTable[i].VendorGuid == EFI_ACPI_TABLE_GUID) ||
+            (st.ConfigurationTable[i].VendorGuid == ACPI_TABLE_GUID))
+        {
+            enum ulong rsdp_magic = 0x20525450_20445352u;
+            const(EFI_ACPI_2_0_ROOT_SYSTEM_DESCRIPTION_POINTER) * rdsp = cast(const(EFI_ACPI_2_0_ROOT_SYSTEM_DESCRIPTION_POINTER) *)st.ConfigurationTable[i].VendorTable;
+            if (rdsp.Signature == rsdp_magic)
+            {
+                if (rdsp.Revision >= EFI_ACPI_2_0_ROOT_SYSTEM_DESCRIPTION_POINTER_REVISION)
+                {
+                    bootinfo().acpi_xsdt_phys = rdsp.XsdtAddress;
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * EFI application entry point.
+ *
+ * @param image_handle EFI application handle.
+ * @param st Pointer to EFI system table.
+ */
+extern (C) EFI_STATUS efi_main(EFI_HANDLE image_handle, EFI_SYSTEM_TABLE * st)
+{
+    .st = st;
+
+    console.clear();
+
+    console.writeln("Welcome to HELLO, HOS EFI Lightweight LOader, v0.1.0");
+    console.writeln("Firmware vendor: '%S', version: 0x%x", st.FirmwareVendor, st.FirmwareVendor);
+
+    if (!find_acpi_xsdt())
+    {
+        console.writeln("Error: Could not locate ACPI XSDT");
+        console.wait_key();
+        return EFI_SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    if (!set_graphics_mode())
+    {
+        console.wait_key();
+        return EFI_SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    ulong physical_address_limit;
+    UINTN memory_map_key;
+    for (;;)
+    {
+        get_memory_map(&physical_address_limit, &memory_map_key);
+
+        EFI_STATUS status = st.BootServices.ExitBootServices(image_handle, memory_map_key);
+        if (status == EFI_INVALID_PARAMETER)
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (status == EFI_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+        console.writeln("ExitBootServices: Error %x", status);
+        console.wait_key();
+        return EFI_SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    if (!build_page_tables(physical_address_limit))
+    {
+        return EFI_SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    bootinfo().hulk_phys = hulk_bin_phys();
+
+    jump_to_hulk();
+
+    return EFI_SUCCESS;
+}

src/hulk/acpi.d

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+/**
+ * ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) functionality.
+ */
+module hulk.acpi;
+
+import hulk.hurl;
+import hulk.klog;
+import hulk.memory;
+
+struct acpi
+{
+    enum uint APIC_SIGNATURE = 0x43495041u;
+    enum uint XSDT_SIGNATURE = 0x54445358u;
+
+    static struct XsdtHeader
+    {
+        uint signature;
+        uint length;
+        ubyte revision;
+        ubyte checksum;
+        char[6] oemid;
+        ulong oemtableid;
+        uint oem_revision;
+        uint creator_id;
+        uint creator_revision;
+    }
+
+    static struct Xsdt
+    {
+        XsdtHeader header;
+        uint _pad;
+        ulong[0] tables;
+    }
+
+    static struct MadtHeader
+    {
+        uint signature;
+        uint length;
+        ubyte revision;
+        ubyte checksum;
+        char[6] oemid;
+        ulong oemtableid;
+        uint oem_revision;
+        uint creator_id;
+        uint creator_revision;
+        uint local_apic_address;
+        uint flags;
+    }
+
+    static struct MadtEntry
+    {
+        ubyte type;
+        ubyte length;
+    }
+
+    public static __gshared ulong apic_address;
+
+    public static void initialize(ulong acpi_xsdt_phys)
+    {
+        /* Map the XSDT header. */
+        hurl.identity_map_range(acpi_xsdt_phys, Xsdt.sizeof, 0u);
+        const(Xsdt) * xsdt = cast(const(Xsdt) *)acpi_xsdt_phys;
+        if (xsdt.header.signature != XSDT_SIGNATURE)
+        {
+            klog.writef("XSDT signature invalid\n");
+            return;
+        }
+        /* Map the entire XSDT. */
+        hurl.identity_map_range(acpi_xsdt_phys, xsdt.header.length, 0u);
+        size_t n_entries = (xsdt.header.length - xsdt.header.sizeof) / xsdt.tables[0].sizeof;
+        for (size_t i = 0u; i < n_entries; i++)
+        {
+            ulong address = xsdt.tables[i];
+            hurl.identity_map_range(address, 4u, 0u);
+            uint signature = *cast(const(uint) *)address;
+            if (signature == APIC_SIGNATURE)
+            {
+                parse_apic_table(address);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static parse_apic_table(ulong address)
+    {
+        const(MadtHeader) * madt_header = cast(const(MadtHeader) *)address;
+        hurl.identity_map_range(address, madt_header.length, 0u);
+        apic_address = madt_header.local_apic_address;
+        klog.writefln("Found 32-bit APIC address: 0x%x", apic_address);
+        const(void) * madt_end = cast(const(void) *)(address + madt_header.length);
+        const(MadtEntry) * madt_entry = cast(const(MadtEntry) *)(address + 0x2Cu);
+        while (madt_entry < madt_end)
+        {
+            madt_entry = cast(const(MadtEntry) *)(cast(size_t)madt_entry + madt_entry.length);
+            if (madt_entry.type == 5u)
+            {
+                /* Found a 64-bit Local APIC Address Override entry. */
+                memcpy(cast(void *)&apic_address, cast(const(void) *)madt_entry + 4u, 8u);
+                klog.writefln("Found 64-bit APIC address: 0x%x", apic_address);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

src/hulk/apic.d

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/**
+ * APIC (Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller) functionality.
+ */
+module hulk.apic;
+
+import hulk.klog;
+import hulk.hurl;
+import hulk.acpi;
+import hulk.idt;
+
+struct apic
+{
+    private enum uint PERIODIC_MODE = 0x2_0000u;
+
+    static struct ApicRegister
+    {
+        public uint value;
+        alias value this;
+
+        private ubyte[12] _padding;
+    }
+
+    static struct ApicRegisters
+    {
+        ApicRegister[2] _reserved0;
+        ApicRegister lapic_id;
+        ApicRegister lapic_version;
+        ApicRegister[4] _reserved1;
+        ApicRegister task_priority;
+        ApicRegister arbitration_priority;
+        ApicRegister processor_priority;
+        ApicRegister eoi;
+        ApicRegister remote_read;
+        ApicRegister logical_destination;
+        ApicRegister destination_format;
+        ApicRegister spurious_interrupt_vector;
+        ApicRegister[8] in_service;
+        ApicRegister[8] trigger_mode;
+        ApicRegister[8] interrupt_request;
+        ApicRegister error_status;
+        ApicRegister[6] _reserved2;
+        ApicRegister lvt_cmci;
+        ApicRegister[2] interrupt_command;
+        ApicRegister lvt_timer;
+        ApicRegister lvt_thermal_sensor;
+        ApicRegister lvt_performance_monitoring_counters;
+        ApicRegister[2] lvt_lint;
+        ApicRegister lvt_error;
+        ApicRegister initial_count;
+        ApicRegister current_count;
+        ApicRegister[4] _reserved3;
+        ApicRegister divide_configuration;
+    }
+
+    static struct IoApicRegisters
+    {
+        ApicRegister address;
+        ApicRegister data;
+    }
+
+    private static __gshared ApicRegisters * apic_registers;
+    private static __gshared IoApicRegisters * io_apic_registers;
+
+    public static void initialize()
+    {
+        apic_registers = cast(ApicRegisters *)acpi.apic_address;
+        io_apic_registers = cast(IoApicRegisters *)0xFEC0_0000u;
+        hurl.map(cast(ulong)apic_registers, cast(ulong)apic_registers,
+                PT_WRITABLE | PT_WRITE_THROUGH | PT_DISABLE_CACHE | PT_NO_EXECUTE);
+        hurl.map(cast(ulong)io_apic_registers, cast(ulong)io_apic_registers,
+                PT_WRITABLE | PT_WRITE_THROUGH | PT_DISABLE_CACHE | PT_NO_EXECUTE);
+        klog.writefln("LAPIC ID: 0x%08x", apic_registers.lapic_id.value);
+        klog.writefln("LAPIC version: 0x%08x", apic_registers.lapic_version.value);
+        /* Enable local APIC to receive interrupts and set spurious interrupt
+         * vector to 0xFF. */
+        apic_registers.spurious_interrupt_vector.value = 0x1FFu;
+//        apic_registers.lvt_timer.value = idt.INT_LAPIC_TIMER | PERIODIC_MODE;
+        apic_registers.lvt_timer.value = idt.INT_LAPIC_TIMER;
+        apic_registers.lvt_lint[0].value = idt.INT_LAPIC_LINT0;
+        apic_registers.lvt_lint[1].value = idt.INT_LAPIC_LINT1;
+//        apic_registers.divide_configuration.value = 3u;
+        configure_io_apic_irq(8u, 0x48u);
+    }
+
+    private static void configure_io_apic_irq(size_t io_apic_irq, size_t interrupt_id)
+    {
+        ulong entry = interrupt_id;
+        io_apic_registers.address.value = cast(uint)(0x10u + io_apic_irq * 2u);
+        io_apic_registers.data.value = entry & 0xFFFF_FFFFu;
+        io_apic_registers.address.value = cast(uint)(0x10u + io_apic_irq * 2u + 1u);
+        io_apic_registers.data.value = entry >> 32u;
+    }
+
+    public static void eoi()
+    {
+        apic_registers.eoi.value = 0u;
+    }
+
+    public static void isr(ulong vector)
+    {
+        klog.writefln("APIC ISR 0x%x", vector);
+        eoi();
+    }
+}

src/hulk/bootinfo.d

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/**
+ * HULK boot information.
+ */
+module hulk.bootinfo;
+
+/**
+ * HULK boot information structure.
+ */
+struct BootInfo
+{
+    /**
+     * Framebuffer description structure.
+     */
+    struct Framebuffer
+    {
+        /** Framebuffer physical base address. */
+        uint * buffer;
+        /** Horizontal resolution. */
+        uint width;
+        /** Vertical resolution. */
+        uint height;
+        /** Number of pixels per scan line. */
+        uint stride;
+        /** Pixel format. */
+        uint format;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Memory map entry description structure.
+     */
+    struct MemoryRegion
+    {
+        enum Type
+        {
+            Reserved,
+            Bootloader,
+            Conventional,
+            Unusable,
+            ACPIReclaim,
+            ACPINVS,
+            MemoryMappedIO,
+            MemoryMappedIOPortSpace,
+            PalCode,
+        }
+
+        /** Base address of the memory region. */
+        ulong base;
+        /** Size in bytes of the memory region. */
+        size_t size;
+        /** Type of the memory region. */
+        ubyte type;
+    }
+
+    /* Framebuffer parameters. */
+    Framebuffer fb;
+
+    /* Memory map. */
+    MemoryRegion[1000] memory_map;
+
+    /* Number of memory map entries. */
+    size_t memory_map_count;
+
+    /* Physical address of HULK. */
+    ulong hulk_phys;
+
+    /* Physical address used for HULK bss section. */
+    ulong bss_phys;
+
+    /* Physical address of stack while jumping to HULK. */
+    ulong stack_phys;
+
+    /* Physical address of framebuffer buffer1. */
+    ulong fb_buffer1_phys;
+
+    /* Physical address of ACPI XSDT table. */
+    ulong acpi_xsdt_phys;
+}

src/hulk/console.d

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+/**
+ * HULK Console functionality.
+ */
+module hulk.console;
+
+import hulk.fb;
+import hulk.kfont;
+
+struct console
+{
+    /** Console width in text columns. */
+    private static __gshared size_t m_width;
+
+    /** Console height in text rows. */
+    private static __gshared size_t m_height;
+
+    /** Current console cursor X position. */
+    private static __gshared size_t m_x;
+
+    /** Current console cursor Y position. */
+    private static __gshared size_t m_y;
+
+    /**
+     * Initialize the console.
+     */
+    public static void initialize()
+    {
+        m_width = fb.width / kfont.advance;
+        m_height = fb.height / kfont.line_height;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clear the console.
+     */
+    public static void clear()
+    {
+        fb.clear();
+        m_x = 0u;
+        m_y = 0u;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write a character to the console.
+     *
+     * @param ch Character to write.
+     */
+    public static void write(char ch)
+    {
+        if (ch == '\n')
+        {
+            m_x = 0u;
+            m_y++;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            render_char(m_x, m_y, ch);
+            m_x++;
+            if (m_x == m_width)
+            {
+                m_x = 0u;
+                m_y++;
+            }
+        }
+        if (m_y == m_height)
+        {
+            m_y--;
+            fb.copy_rows_up(fb_y(m_height - 1u),
+                    (m_height - 1u) * kfont.line_height,
+                    kfont.line_height);
+            fb.rect(0u, fb_y(m_height - 1u), fb_x(m_width), kfont.line_height, 0u);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Render a character.
+     *
+     * @param x X position.
+     * @param y Y position.
+     * @param ch Character to render.
+     */
+    private static void render_char(size_t x, size_t y, char ch)
+    {
+        const(CharInfo) * ci = &kfont.chars[ch];
+        fb.blit_alpha_bitmap(fb_x(x) + ci.left, fb_y(y) + ci.top - ci.height, ci.bitmap, ci.width, ci.height);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the framebuffer X coordinate corresponding to the console X position.
+     */
+    private static size_t fb_x(size_t x)
+    {
+        return x * kfont.advance;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the framebuffer Y coordinate corresponding to the console Y position.
+     */
+    private static size_t fb_y(size_t y)
+    {
+        return fb.height - ((y + 1u) * kfont.line_height);
+    }
+}

src/hulk/cpu.d

@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+/**
+ * CPU functionality.
+ */
+module hulk.cpu;
+
+import ldc.llvmasm;
+
+/** CR0 bits. @{ */
+enum ulong CR0_PE = 0x1u;
+enum ulong CR0_MP = 0x2u;
+enum ulong CR0_EM = 0x4u;
+enum ulong CR0_TS = 0x8u;
+enum ulong CR0_ET = 0x10u;
+enum ulong CR0_NE = 0x20u;
+enum ulong CR0_WP = 0x1_0000u;
+enum ulong CR0_AM = 0x4_0000u;
+enum ulong CR0_NW = 0x2000_0000u;
+enum ulong CR0_CD = 0x4000_0000u;
+enum ulong CR0_PG = 0x8000_0000u;
+/** @} */
+
+/** CR4 bits. @{ */
+enum ulong CR4_VME = 0x1u;
+enum ulong CR4_PVI = 0x2u;
+enum ulong CR4_TSD = 0x4u;
+enum ulong CR4_DE = 0x8u;
+enum ulong CR4_PSE = 0x10u;
+enum ulong CR4_PAE = 0x20u;
+enum ulong CR4_MCE = 0x40u;
+enum ulong CR4_PGE = 0x80u;
+enum ulong CR4_PCE = 0x100u;
+enum ulong CR4_OSFXSR = 0x200u;
+enum ulong CR4_OSXMMEXCPT = 0x400u;
+enum ulong CR4_UMIP = 0x800u;
+enum ulong CR4_VMXE = 0x2000u;
+enum ulong CR4_SMXE = 0x4000u;
+enum ulong CR4_FSGSBASE = 0x1_0000u;
+enum ulong CR4_PCIDE = 0x2_0000u;
+enum ulong CR4_OSXSAVE = 0x4_0000u;
+enum ulong CR4_SMEP = 0x10_0000u;
+enum ulong CR4_SMAP = 0x20_0000u;
+enum ulong CR4_PKE = 0x40_0000u;
+enum ulong CR4_CET = 0x80_0000u;
+enum ulong CR4_PKS = 0x100_0000u;
+/** @} */
+
+/** XCR0 bits. @{ */
+enum ulong XCR0_X87 = 0x1u;
+enum ulong XCR0_SSE = 0x2u;
+enum ulong XCR0_AVX = 0x4u;
+enum ulong XCR0_BNDREG = 0x8u;
+enum ulong XCR0_BNDSCR = 0x10u;
+enum ulong XCR0_OPMASK = 0x20u;
+enum ulong XCR0_ZMM_HI256 = 0x40u;
+enum ulong XCR0_HI16_ZMM = 0x80u;
+enum ulong XCR0_PKRU = 0x100u;
+/** @} */
+
+/** MSR register numbers. @{ */
+enum uint MSR_EFER = 0xC000_0080u;
+/** @} */
+
+/** EFER flags. @{ */
+enum uint EFER_SCE = 0x1u;
+enum uint EFER_LME = 0x100u;
+enum uint EFER_LMA = 0x400u;
+enum uint EFER_NXE = 0x800u;
+enum uint EFER_SVME = 0x1000u;
+enum uint EFER_LMSLE = 0x2000u;
+enum uint EFER_FFXSR = 0x4000u;
+enum uint EFER_TCE = 0x8000u;
+/** @} */
+
+/** CPUID 1 bits. @{ */
+enum uint CPUID_1_EDX_FPU = 0x1u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_EDX_VME = 0x2u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_EDX_DE = 0x4u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_EDX_PSE = 0x8u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_EDX_TSC = 0x10u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_EDX_MSR = 0x20u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_EDX_PAE = 0x40u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_EDX_MCE = 0x80u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_EDX_CX8 = 0x100u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_EDX_APIC = 0x200u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_EDX_SEP = 0x800u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_EDX_MTRR = 0x1000u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_EDX_PGE = 0x2000u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_EDX_MCA = 0x4000u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_EDX_CMOV = 0x8000u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_EDX_PAT = 0x1_0000u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_EDX_PSE36 = 0x2_0000u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_EDX_PSN = 0x4_0000u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_EDX_CLFSH = 0x8_0000u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_EDX_DS = 0x20_0000u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_EDX_ACPI = 0x40_0000u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_EDX_MMX = 0x80_0000u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_EDX_FXSR = 0x100_0000u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_EDX_SSE = 0x200_0000u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_EDX_SSE2 = 0x400_0000u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_EDX_SS = 0x800_0000u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_EDX_HTT = 0x1000_0000u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_EDX_TM = 0x2000_0000u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_EDX_IA64 = 0x4000_0000u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_EDX_PBE = 0x8000_0000u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_ECX_SSE3 = 0x1u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_ECX_PCLMULQDQ = 0x2u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_ECX_DTES64 = 0x4u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_ECX_MONITOR = 0x8u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_ECX_DSCPL = 0x10u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_ECX_VMX = 0x20u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_ECX_SMX = 0x40u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_ECX_EST = 0x80u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_ECX_TM2 = 0x100u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_ECX_SSSE3 = 0x200u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_ECX_CNXTID = 0x400u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_ECX_SDBG = 0x800u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_ECX_FMA = 0x1000u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_ECX_CX16 = 0x2000u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_ECX_XTPR = 0x4000u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_ECX_PDCM = 0x8000u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_ECX_PCID = 0x2_0000u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_ECX_DCA = 0x4_0000u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_ECX_SSE41 = 0x8_0000u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_ECX_SSE42 = 0x10_0000u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_ECX_X2APIC = 0x20_0000u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_ECX_MOVBE = 0x40_0000u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_ECX_POPCNT = 0x80_0000u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_ECX_TSCDEADLINE = 0x100_0000u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_ECX_AES = 0x200_0000u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_ECX_XSAVE = 0x400_0000u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_ECX_OSXSAVE = 0x800_0000u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_ECX_AVX = 0x1000_0000u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_ECX_F16C = 0x2000_0000u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_ECX_RDRND = 0x4000_0000u;
+enum uint CPUID_1_ECX_HYPERVISOR = 0x8000_0000u;
+/** @} */
+
+void cli()
+{
+    __asm("cli", "");
+}
+
+void sti()
+{
+    __asm("sti", "");
+}
+
+void hlt()
+{
+    __asm("hlt", "");
+}
+
+ulong read_cr0()
+{
+    return __asm!ulong("mov %cr0, %rax", "={rax}");
+}
+
+void write_cr0(ulong v)
+{
+    __asm("mov $0, %cr0", "r", v);
+}
+
+ulong read_cr2()
+{
+    return __asm!ulong("mov %cr2, %rax", "={rax}");
+}
+
+ulong read_cr3()
+{
+    return __asm!ulong("mov %cr3, %rax", "={rax}");
+}
+
+void write_cr3(ulong v)
+{
+    __asm("mov $0, %cr3", "r", v);
+}
+
+ulong read_cr4()
+{
+    return __asm!ulong("mov %cr4, %rax", "={rax}");
+}
+
+void write_cr4(ulong v)
+{
+    __asm("mov $0, %cr4", "r", v);
+}
+
+ulong rdmsr(uint msr)
+{
+    return __asm!ulong(`
+            rdmsr
+            shl $$32, %rdx
+            or %rdx, %rax`, "={rax},{ecx},~{rdx}", msr);
+}
+
+void wrmsr(uint msr, ulong value)
+{
+    __asm(`wrmsr`, "{ecx},{edx},{eax}", msr, value >> 32u, value);
+}
+
+ulong xgetbv(uint xcr)
+{
+    return __asm!ulong(`
+            xgetbv
+            shl $$32, %rdx
+            or %rdx, %rax`, "={rax},{ecx},~{rdx}", xcr);
+}
+
+void xsetbv(uint xcr, ulong value)
+{
+    __asm(`xsetbv`, "{ecx},{edx},{eax}", xcr, value >> 32u, value);
+}
+
+ubyte in8(ushort ioaddr)
+{
+    return __asm!ubyte("inb %dx, %al", "={al},{dx}", ioaddr);
+}
+
+ushort in16(ushort ioaddr)
+{
+    return __asm!ushort("inw %dx, %ax", "={ax},{dx}", ioaddr);
+}
+
+ulong in32(ushort ioaddr)
+{
+    return __asm!ulong("inl %dx, %eax", "={eax},{dx}", ioaddr);
+}
+
+void out8(ushort ioaddr, ubyte v)
+{
+    __asm("outb %al, %dx", "{dx},{al}", ioaddr, v);
+}
+
+void out16(ushort ioaddr, ushort v)
+{
+    __asm("outw %ax, %dx", "{dx},{ax}", ioaddr, v);
+}
+
+void out32(ushort ioaddr, ulong v)
+{
+    __asm("outl %eax, %dx", "{dx},{eax}", ioaddr, v);
+}
+
+void cpuid1(uint * ebx, uint * ecx, uint * edx)
+{
+    __asm("cpuid", "=*{ebx},=*{ecx},=*{edx},{eax}", ebx, ecx, edx, 1u);
+}

src/hulk/fb.d

@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+/**
+ * HULK Framebuffer support.
+ */
+module hulk.fb;
+
+import hulk.memory;
+import hulk.kfont;
+
+/**
+ * Represent a graphical frame buffer.
+ *
+ * TODO: Handle other pixel formats. Currently only BGRx is supported.
+ */
+struct fb
+{
+    /** Device frame buffer base address. */
+    private __gshared static uint * m_device_buffer;
+
+    /** Frame buffer 1 base address. */
+    private __gshared static uint * m_buffer1;
+
+    /** Frame buffer width. */
+    private __gshared static uint m_width;
+
+    /** Frame buffer height. */
+    private __gshared static uint m_height;
+
+    /** Frame buffer stride. */
+    private __gshared static uint m_stride;
+
+    /** Number of pixels in the frame buffer (whether visible or not). */
+    private __gshared static uint m_buffer_size;
+
+    /**
+     * Get the framebuffer width.
+     */
+    public static @property uint width()
+    {
+        return m_width;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the framebuffer height.
+     */
+    public static @property uint height()
+    {
+        return m_height;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Initialize a frame buffer.
+     *
+     * @param device_buffer Device frame buffer base address.
+     * @param buffer1 Frame buffer 1 base address.
+     * @param width Frame buffer width.
+     * @param height Frame buffer height.
+     * @param stride Frame buffer stride.
+     */
+    static void initialize(uint * device_buffer, uint * buffer1, uint width, uint height, uint stride)
+    {
+        m_device_buffer = device_buffer;
+        m_buffer1 = buffer1;
+        m_width = width;
+        m_height = height;
+        m_stride = stride;
+        m_buffer_size = stride * height;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clear the frame buffer to the given color.
+     *
+     * @param color Color to clear to.
+     */
+    static void clear(uint color = 0u)
+    {
+        memset32(m_buffer1, color, m_buffer_size);
+        memset32(m_device_buffer, color, m_buffer_size);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Draw a solid rectangle on the framebuffer.
+     *
+     * @param x X coordinate of left side of rectangle.
+     * @param y Y coordinate of bottom side of rectangle.
+     * @param width Width of rectangle.
+     * @param height Height of rectangle.
+     * @param color Color of rectangle.
+     */
+    static void rect(size_t x, size_t y, size_t width, size_t height, uint color)
+    {
+        for (size_t iy = 0u; iy < height; iy++)
+        {
+            size_t buffer_index = buffer_index(x, y);
+            memset32(&m_buffer1[buffer_index], color, width);
+            memset32(&m_device_buffer[buffer_index], color, width);
+            y++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Draw a horizontal line.
+     *
+     * @param x X coordinate of left side of line.
+     * @param y Y coordinate of line.
+     * @param width Width of line.
+     * @param color Color of line.
+     */
+    static void hline(size_t x, size_t y, size_t width, uint color)
+    {
+        size_t buffer_index = buffer_index(x, y);
+        memset32(&m_buffer1[buffer_index], color, width);
+        memset32(&m_device_buffer[buffer_index], color, width);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Draw a vertical line.
+     *
+     * @param x X coordinate of line.
+     * @param y Y coordinate of bottom of line.
+     * @param height Height of line.
+     * @param color Color of line.
+     */
+    static void vline(size_t x, size_t y, size_t height, uint color)
+    {
+        size_t buffer_index = buffer_index(x, y);
+        for (size_t iy = 0u; iy < height; iy++)
+        {
+            m_buffer1[buffer_index] = color;
+            m_device_buffer[buffer_index] = color;
+            buffer_index -= m_stride;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Draw a character.
+     *
+     * @param x X coordinate of left side of character.
+     * @param y Y coordinate of bottom side of character.
+     * @param ch Character to draw.
+     * @param color Color of character.
+     */
+    static void character(int x, int y, char ch, uint color)
+    {
+        const(CharInfo) * ci = &kfont.chars[ch];
+        blend_alpha_bitmap(x + ci.left, y + kfont.baseline_offset + ci.top - ci.height, ci.bitmap, ci.width, ci.height, color);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Blend an 8-bit alpha bitmap to the framebuffer.
+     *
+     * @param x X coordinate of left side of target location.
+     * @param y Y coordinate of bottom side of target location.
+     * @param alpha_bitmap 8-bit alpha-channel bitmap.
+     * @param width Bitmap width.
+     * @param height Bitmap height.
+     * @param color Color to blend with alpha value.
+     */
+    static void blend_alpha_bitmap(size_t x, size_t y, const(ubyte) * alpha_bitmap,
+            size_t width, size_t height, uint color)
+    {
+        y += height - 1u;
+        size_t bitmap_index;
+        for (size_t iy = 0u; iy < height; iy++)
+        {
+            size_t row_buffer_index = buffer_index(x, y);
+            for (size_t ix = 0u; ix < width; ix++)
+            {
+                size_t buffer_index = row_buffer_index + ix;
+                ubyte alpha = alpha_bitmap[bitmap_index];
+                uint current_color = m_buffer1[buffer_index];
+                uint in_color_scaled = scale_color(color, alpha);
+                uint old_color_scaled = scale_color(current_color, 255u - alpha);
+                uint new_color = old_color_scaled + in_color_scaled;
+                m_buffer1[buffer_index] = new_color;
+                bitmap_index++;
+            }
+            memcpy32(&m_device_buffer[row_buffer_index], &m_buffer1[row_buffer_index], width);
+            y--;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Blend an 8-bit alpha bitmap to the framebuffer.
+     *
+     * @param x X coordinate of left side of target location.
+     * @param y Y coordinate of bottom side of target location.
+     * @param alpha_bitmap 8-bit alpha-channel bitmap.
+     * @param width Bitmap width.
+     * @param height Bitmap height.
+     * @param color Color to blend with alpha value.
+     */
+    static void blend_alpha_bitmap(size_t x, size_t y, const(ubyte)[] alpha_bitmap,
+            size_t width, size_t height, uint color)
+    {
+        blend_alpha_bitmap(x, y, alpha_bitmap.ptr, width, height, color);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Blit an 8-bit alpha bitmap to the framebuffer.
+     * The foreground will be white (based on the alpha value), and the
+     * background black.
+     *
+     * @param x X coordinate of left side of target location.
+     * @param y Y coordinate of bottom side of target location.
+     * @param alpha_bitmap 8-bit alpha-channel bitmap.
+     * @param width Bitmap width.
+     * @param height Bitmap height.
+     */
+    static void blit_alpha_bitmap(size_t x, size_t y, const(ubyte) * alpha_bitmap,
+            size_t width, size_t height)
+    {
+        y += height - 1u;
+        size_t bitmap_index;
+        for (size_t iy = 0u; iy < height; iy++)
+        {
+            size_t row_buffer_index = buffer_index(x, y);
+            for (size_t ix = 0u; ix < width; ix++)
+            {
+                size_t buffer_index = row_buffer_index + ix;
+                ubyte alpha = alpha_bitmap[bitmap_index];
+                m_buffer1[buffer_index] = (alpha << 16u) | (alpha << 8u) | alpha;
+                bitmap_index++;
+            }
+            memcpy32(&m_device_buffer[row_buffer_index], &m_buffer1[row_buffer_index], width);
+            y--;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Blit an 8-bit alpha bitmap to the framebuffer.
+     * The foreground will be white (based on the alpha value), and the
+     * background black.
+     *
+     * @param x X coordinate of left side of target location.
+     * @param y Y coordinate of bottom side of target location.
+     * @param alpha_bitmap 8-bit alpha-channel bitmap.
+     * @param width Bitmap width.
+     * @param height Bitmap height.
+     */
+    static void blit_alpha_bitmap(size_t x, size_t y, const(ubyte)[] alpha_bitmap,
+            size_t width, size_t height)
+    {
+        blit_alpha_bitmap(x, y, alpha_bitmap.ptr, width, height);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Copy framebuffer rows up in the framebuffer.
+     *
+     * @param y Y coordinate of bottom side of region to copy up.
+     * @param height Height of region to copy up.
+     * @param offset Number of rows to copy region up by.
+     */
+    static void copy_rows_up(size_t y, size_t height, size_t offset)
+    {
+        size_t dest_buffer_index = buffer_index(0u, y + height + offset - 1u);
+        size_t src_buffer_index = buffer_index(0u, y + height - 1u);
+        memcpy32(&m_buffer1[dest_buffer_index],
+                 &m_buffer1[src_buffer_index],
+                 (m_stride * height));
+        memcpy32(&m_device_buffer[dest_buffer_index],
+                &m_buffer1[dest_buffer_index],
+                (m_stride * height));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Scale a color value by an alpha amount.
+     *
+     * @param color Color value.
+     * @param alpha Alpha amount.
+     *
+     * @return Scaled color value.
+     */
+    private static uint scale_color(uint color, ubyte alpha)
+    {
+        return ((((color & 0xFFu) * alpha) >> 8u) & 0xFFu) |
+               ((((color & 0xFF00u) * alpha) >> 8u) & 0xFF00u) |
+               ((((color & 0xFF0000u) * alpha) >> 8u) & 0xFF0000u);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the buffer index for the given X and Y coordinates.
+     *
+     * @param x X coordinate from left side of framebuffer.
+     * @param y Y coordinate from bottom side of framebuffer.
+     *
+     * @return Buffer index for the given X and Y coordinates.
+     */
+    private static size_t buffer_index(size_t x, size_t y)
+    {
+        return (m_height - y - 1u) * m_stride + x;
+    }
+}

src/hulk/gdt.d

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/**
+ * GDT (Global Descriptor Table) functionality.
+ */
+module hulk.gdt;
+
+import ldc.llvmasm;
+
+struct gdt
+{
+    struct gdtr_t
+    {
+        ushort limit;
+        align(2) ulong offset;
+    }
+    static assert(gdtr_t.sizeof == 10u);
+
+    public enum size_t SELECTOR_NULL = 0x00u;
+    public enum size_t SELECTOR_KERNEL_CODE = 0x08u;
+    public enum size_t SELECTOR_KERNEL_DATA = 0x10u;
+    public enum size_t SELECTOR_COUNT = 3u;
+
+    static __gshared ulong[SELECTOR_COUNT] gdt;
+    static __gshared gdtr_t gdtr;
+
+    public static void initialize()
+    {
+        gdt[SELECTOR_KERNEL_CODE / ulong.sizeof] = 0x00_A_F_9A_000000_0000u;
+        gdt[SELECTOR_KERNEL_DATA / ulong.sizeof] = 0x00_C_F_92_000000_0000u;
+        gdtr.limit = gdt.sizeof - 1u;
+        gdtr.offset = cast(ulong)&gdt;
+        lgdt(&gdtr);
+        load_data_selectors(SELECTOR_KERNEL_DATA);
+        load_code_selector(SELECTOR_KERNEL_CODE);
+    }
+
+    private static void lgdt(gdtr_t * gdtr)
+    {
+        __asm("lgdt $0", "*m", gdtr);
+    }
+
+    private static void load_data_selectors(ulong selector)
+    {
+        __asm(`mov %ax, %ds
+               mov %ax, %es
+               mov %ax, %fs
+               mov %ax, %gs
+               mov %ax, %ss`, "{rax}", selector);
+    }
+
+    private static void load_code_selector(ulong selector)
+    {
+        __asm(`push %rax
+               movabs $$1f, %rax
+               push %rax
+               lretq
+               1:`, "{rax}", selector);
+    }
+}

src/hulk/header.d

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/**
+ * HULK image header.
+ */
+module hulk.header;
+
+import hulk.bootinfo;
+
+/**
+ * Header describing the HULK image.
+ */
+struct HulkHeader
+{
+    /**
+     * HULK BSS size.
+     *
+     * The OS loader must map memory to a zeroed range of this size.
+     *
+     * This value is really an integer, but is stored as a pointer because it
+     * is provided by the linker and LDC does not like us to cast it.
+     */
+    void * hulk_bss_size;
+
+    /** Entry point. */
+    void * entry;
+
+    /** Stack size. */
+    ulong stack_size;
+
+    /** Virtual base address. */
+    ulong virt_base;
+
+    /** Stack top virtual address. */
+    ulong virt_stack_top;
+
+    /** Framebuffer virtual address. */
+    ulong virt_fb_buffer;
+
+    /** HULK boot information. */
+    BootInfo bootinfo;
+}

src/hulk/hippo.d

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/**
+ * HIPPO, the HOS In-place Physical Page Organizer.
+ *
+ * HIPPO maintains a list of free physical pages "in place", meaning that the
+ * available page itself is used as the linked list entry so separate memory
+ * is not needed to keep track of the available pages.
+ */
+module hulk.hippo;
+
+struct hippo
+{
+    /**
+     * Linked list node entry for a physical page.
+     */
+    private static struct PhysicalPage
+    {
+        PhysicalPage * next;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Linked list of free physical pages.
+     */
+    private static __gshared PhysicalPage * free_pages;
+
+    /**
+     * Number of free physical pages.
+     */
+    private static __gshared size_t m_n_free_pages;
+
+    /**
+     * Free a physical page.
+     *
+     * @param phys Physical page address.
+     */
+    public static void free_page(T)(T phys)
+    {
+        PhysicalPage * pp = cast(PhysicalPage *)phys;
+        pp.next = free_pages;
+        free_pages = pp;
+        m_n_free_pages++;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Allocate a physical page.
+     *
+     * @return Page address, or null if no pages are available.
+     */
+    public static void * allocate_page()
+    {
+        PhysicalPage * pp;
+        if (free_pages != null)
+        {
+            pp = free_pages;
+            free_pages = free_pages.next;
+            m_n_free_pages--;
+        }
+        return cast(void *)pp;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the number of free pages.
+     *
+     * @return The number of free pages.
+     */
+    public @property size_t n_free_pages() const
+    {
+        return m_n_free_pages;
+    }
+}

src/hulk/hulk.d

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/**
+ * HULK, the HOS Ultra Light Kernel.
+ */
+module hulk.hulk;
+
+import hulk.header;
+import hulk.fb;
+import hulk.console;
+import hulk.memory;
+import ldc.attributes;
+import hulk.kfont;
+import hulk.klog;
+import hulk.hurl;
+import hulk.hippo;
+import hulk.pci;
+import hulk.gdt;
+import hulk.idt;
+import hulk.cpu;
+import ldc.llvmasm;
+import hulk.pic;
+import hulk.acpi;
+import hulk.apic;
+import hulk.rtc;
+import hulk.pit;
+
+extern extern(C) __gshared ubyte _hulk_bss_size;
+
+@(ldc.attributes.section(".hulk_header"))
+private __gshared HulkHeader hulk_header = {
+    &_hulk_bss_size, /* hulk_bss_size */
+    &hulk_start, /* entry */
+    16u * 1024u, /* stack_size */
+    HULK_VIRTUAL_BASE_ADDRESS, /* virt_base */
+    HULK_VIRTUAL_STACK_TOP_ADDRESS, /* virt_stack_top */
+    HULK_VIRTUAL_FRAMEBUFFER_ADDRESS, /* virt_fb_buffer */
+};
+
+private void initialize_cpu()
+{
+    /* Enable SSE. */
+    /* Turn off CR0.EM and turn on CR0.MP. */
+    write_cr0((read_cr0() & ~CR0_EM) | CR0_MP);
+    /* Set CR4.OSFXSR and CR4.OSXMMEXCPT. */
+    write_cr4(read_cr4() | CR4_OSFXSR | CR4_OSXMMEXCPT);
+
+    /* Enable OSXSAVE. */
+    write_cr4(read_cr4() | CR4_OSXSAVE);
+
+    /* Turn on NXE (no execute enable) flag in the EFER MSR. */
+    wrmsr(MSR_EFER, rdmsr(MSR_EFER) | EFER_NXE);
+}
+
+/**
+ * HULK entry point.
+ */
+void hulk_start()
+{
+    cli();
+    initialize_cpu();
+    gdt.initialize();
+    idt.initialize();
+    fb.initialize(cast(uint *)HULK_VIRTUAL_FRAMEBUFFER_ADDRESS,
+            cast(uint *)hulk_header.bootinfo.fb_buffer1_phys,
+            hulk_header.bootinfo.fb.width,
+            hulk_header.bootinfo.fb.height,
+            hulk_header.bootinfo.fb.stride);
+    console.initialize();
+    console.clear();
+    klog.initialize();
+
+    klog.writefln("Welcome to HULK, the HOS UltraLight Kernel!");
+
+    hurl.initialize(&hulk_header);
+    pci.initialize();
+    pic.initialize();
+    acpi.initialize(hulk_header.bootinfo.acpi_xsdt_phys);
+    apic.initialize();
+    rtc.initialize();
+    pit.initialize();
+    sti();
+
+    for (;;)
+    {
+        hlt();
+    }
+}

src/hulk/hulk.ld

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+SECTIONS
+{
+    . = 0xFFFF800000000000;
+    _hulk_mem_start = .;
+    _hulk_header_start = .;
+
+    .hulk_header :
+    {
+        *(.hulk_header)
+    }
+
+    . = ALIGN(4K);
+    _hulk_header_end = .;
+    _hulk_text_start = .;
+
+    .text :
+    {
+        *(.text)
+    }
+
+    . = ALIGN(4K);
+    _hulk_text_end = .;
+    _hulk_rodata_start = .;
+
+    .rodata :
+    {
+        *(.rodata)
+    }
+
+    . = ALIGN(4K);
+
+    _hulk_rodata_end = .;
+    _hulk_data_start = .;
+
+    .data :
+    {
+        *(.data)
+    }
+
+    . = ALIGN(4K);
+    _hulk_data_end = .;
+    _hulk_binary_size = . - _hulk_mem_start;
+    _hulk_bss_start = .;
+
+    .bss :
+    {
+        *(COMMON)
+        *(.bss)
+    }
+
+    . = ALIGN(4K);
+    _hulk_bss_end = .;
+    _hulk_mem_end = .;
+
+    _hulk_header_size = _hulk_header_end - _hulk_header_start;
+    _hulk_text_size = _hulk_text_end - _hulk_text_start;
+    _hulk_rodata_size = _hulk_rodata_end - _hulk_rodata_start;
+    _hulk_data_size = _hulk_data_end - _hulk_data_start;
+    _hulk_bss_size = _hulk_bss_end - _hulk_bss_start;
+    _hulk_mem_size = _hulk_mem_end - _hulk_mem_start;
+}

src/hulk/hurl.d

@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+/**
+ * HURL, the HOS Unreal Region Locator.
+ *
+ * HURL provides virtual memory management for HULK.
+ */
+module hulk.hurl;
+
+public import hulk.pagetable;
+import hulk.cpu;
+import hulk.hippo;
+import hulk.memory;
+import hulk.klog;
+import hulk.bootinfo;
+import hulk.header;
+import hulk.linker_addresses;
+
+/** HULK virtual base address. */
+enum ulong HULK_VIRTUAL_BASE_ADDRESS = 0xFFFF_8000_0000_0000u;
+
+/** HULK virtual stack top address. */
+enum ulong HULK_VIRTUAL_STACK_TOP_ADDRESS = 0xFFFF_A000_0000_0000u;
+
+/** HULK virtual framebuffer address. */
+enum ulong HULK_VIRTUAL_FRAMEBUFFER_ADDRESS = 0xFFFF_A000_0000_0000u;
+
+struct hurl
+{
+    /**
+     * Pointer to the base page table.
+     */
+    private static __gshared PageTable * m_pt_base;
+
+    /**
+     * Build HULK page tables.
+     *
+     * @param physical_address_limit
+     *   Limit of physical memory.
+     */
+    private static void build_page_tables(HulkHeader * header, size_t physical_address_limit)
+    {
+        m_pt_base = allocate_pt();
+        /* Identity map all physical RAM. */
+        map_range(0u,
+                0u,
+                physical_address_limit,
+                PT_WRITABLE | PT_NO_EXECUTE);
+        ulong phys_address = header.bootinfo.hulk_phys;
+        ulong virt_address = HULK_VIRTUAL_BASE_ADDRESS;
+        /* Map HULK header region. */
+        map_range(virt_address,
+                phys_address,
+                LinkerAddresses.hulk_header_size,
+                PT_NO_EXECUTE);
+        phys_address += LinkerAddresses.hulk_header_size;
+        virt_address += LinkerAddresses.hulk_header_size;
+        /* Map HULK text region. */
+        map_range(virt_address,
+                phys_address,
+                LinkerAddresses.hulk_text_size,
+                0u);
+        phys_address += LinkerAddresses.hulk_text_size;
+        virt_address += LinkerAddresses.hulk_text_size;
+        /* Map HULK rodata region. */
+        map_range(virt_address,
+                phys_address,
+                LinkerAddresses.hulk_rodata_size,
+                PT_NO_EXECUTE);
+        phys_address += LinkerAddresses.hulk_rodata_size;
+        virt_address += LinkerAddresses.hulk_rodata_size;
+        /* Map HULK data region. */
+        map_range(virt_address,
+                phys_address,
+                LinkerAddresses.hulk_data_size,
+                PT_WRITABLE | PT_NO_EXECUTE);
+        virt_address += LinkerAddresses.hulk_data_size;
+        /* Map HULK BSS region. */
+        map_range(virt_address,
+                header.bootinfo.bss_phys,
+                LinkerAddresses.hulk_bss_size,
+                PT_WRITABLE | PT_NO_EXECUTE);
+        /* Map HULK stack. */
+        map_range(HULK_VIRTUAL_STACK_TOP_ADDRESS - header.stack_size,
+                header.bootinfo.stack_phys,
+                header.stack_size,
+                PT_WRITABLE | PT_NO_EXECUTE);
+        /* Map device framebuffer. */
+        map_range(HULK_VIRTUAL_FRAMEBUFFER_ADDRESS,
+                cast(ulong)header.bootinfo.fb.buffer,
+                header.bootinfo.fb.height * header.bootinfo.fb.stride * 4u,
+                PT_WRITABLE | PT_NO_EXECUTE);
+        /* Map framebuffer buffer1. */
+        map_range(cast(ulong)header.bootinfo.fb_buffer1_phys,
+                cast(ulong)header.bootinfo.fb_buffer1_phys,
+                header.bootinfo.fb.height * header.bootinfo.fb.stride * 4u,
+                PT_WRITABLE | PT_NO_EXECUTE);
+        write_cr3(cast(ulong)m_pt_base);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reclaim the pages that were used for the bootloader page tables.
+     *
+     * @param pt
+     *   The page table to reclaim pages from.
+     * @param level
+     *   Page table level (internally used while recursing the page tables).
+     *
+     * @return Number of pages reclaimed.
+     */
+    private static size_t reclaim_bootloader_page_table_pages(PageTable * pt, size_t level = 0u)
+    {
+        map(pt, pt, PT_WRITABLE | PT_NO_EXECUTE);
+        size_t reclaimed_pages;
+        for (size_t i = 0u; i < PageTable.N_ENTRIES; i++)
+        {
+            PageTableEntry pte = (*pt)[i];
+            if (pte.present && (level < 2u) && !pte.huge)
+            {
+                /* For the first two levels of page tables, first
+                 * recurse and free pages from the lower level page
+                 * tables before reclaiming this entry. */
+                reclaimed_pages += reclaim_bootloader_page_table_pages(pte.follow(), level + 1u);
+            }
+        }
+        hippo.free_page(pt);
+        reclaimed_pages++;
+        return reclaimed_pages;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Initialize HURL.
+     *
+     * @param bootinfo HULK boot information structure.
+     */
+    public static void initialize(HulkHeader * header)
+    {
+        PageTable * bootloader_pt_base = cast(PageTable *)read_cr3();
+
+        /*
+         * Ok, what we do here is iterate through all of the memory map regions
+         * in the bootinfo memory_map array and mark each page that is not in
+         * use in a reserved range as available. Within the available memory
+         * regions, we have to watch out for the following items:
+         *   1) HULK binary (header + text + rodata + data)
+         *   2) Framebuffer
+         * In addition to these ranges, there are also pages for the following
+         * purposes that are not represented in the memory map from the
+         * bootloader:
+         *   3) HULK BSS
+         *   4) HULK stack
+         *   5) bootloader page table pages
+         *   6) framebuffer buffer1
+         */
+        size_t usable_memory;
+        size_t physical_address_limit;
+        const(size_t) fb_size = (header.bootinfo.fb.height * header.bootinfo.fb.stride * 4u + PAGE_SIZE - 1u) & ~(PAGE_SIZE - 1u);
+        ulong[2][2] reserved = [
+            [header.bootinfo.hulk_phys, LinkerAddresses.hulk_binary_size],
+            [cast(ulong)header.bootinfo.fb.buffer, fb_size],
+        ];
+        for (size_t ri = 0u; ri < reserved.length; ri++)
+        {
+            reserved[ri][1] += reserved[ri][0];
+        }
+        for (size_t bii = 0u; bii < header.bootinfo.memory_map_count; bii++)
+        {
+            if ((header.bootinfo.memory_map[bii].type == BootInfo.MemoryRegion.Type.Bootloader) ||
+                (header.bootinfo.memory_map[bii].type == BootInfo.MemoryRegion.Type.Conventional))
+            {
+                ulong phys = header.bootinfo.memory_map[bii].base;
+                ulong phys_end = phys + header.bootinfo.memory_map[bii].size;
+                if (phys_end > physical_address_limit)
+                {
+                    physical_address_limit = phys_end;
+                }
+                usable_memory += header.bootinfo.memory_map[bii].size;
+                while (phys < phys_end)
+                {
+                    bool is_reserved = false;
+                    for (size_t ri = 0u; ri < reserved.length; ri++)
+                    {
+                        if ((reserved[ri][0] <= phys) && (phys < reserved[ri][1]))
+                        {
+                            is_reserved = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (!is_reserved)
+                    {
+                        hippo.free_page(phys);
+                    }
+                    phys += PAGE_SIZE;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * Now that we have available physical pages to allocate from, we can
+         * build new page tables to replace the bootloader page tables.
+         */
+        build_page_tables(header, physical_address_limit);
+
+        /*
+         * After we have switched to the newly constructed page tables, we can
+         * iterate through and free the bootloader page tables. They are most
+         * likely already mapped because we just identity mapped every page up
+         * to the physical_address_limit determined above. But just in case the
+         * bootloader used the last pages of RAM for the page table pages, we
+         * will make sure to map them as we traverse them.
+         */
+        size_t reclaimed_bootloader_page_table_memory = reclaim_bootloader_page_table_pages(bootloader_pt_base) << 10u;
+        usable_memory += reclaimed_bootloader_page_table_memory;
+
+        usable_memory += LinkerAddresses.hulk_bss_size;
+        usable_memory += header.stack_size;
+        usable_memory += fb_size;
+        klog.writefln("Usable memory: %uKB", usable_memory >> 10u);
+        klog.writefln("Kernel size: %uKB", (LinkerAddresses.hulk_binary_size + LinkerAddresses.hulk_bss_size + header.stack_size) >> 10u);
+    }
+
+    public static void map(T, U)(T virtual, U physical, ulong flags)
+    {
+        PageTable * pt = m_pt_base;
+        for (size_t level = 0; level < 4u; level++)
+        {
+            PageTableEntry * ppte = pt.entry(virtual, level);
+            if (level < 3u)
+            {
+                PageTableEntry pte = *ppte;
+                if (pte.present)
+                {
+                    pt = pte.follow();
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    PageTable * next_pt = allocate_pt();
+                    *ppte = PageTableEntry(next_pt, PT_WRITABLE | PT_PRESENT);
+                    pt = next_pt;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                *ppte = PageTableEntry(cast(ulong)physical, flags | PT_PRESENT);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void map_range(size_t virtual, size_t physical, size_t length, ulong flags)
+    {
+        size_t end = virtual + length;
+        while (virtual < end)
+        {
+            map(virtual, physical, flags);
+            virtual += PAGE_SIZE;
+            physical += PAGE_SIZE;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void identity_map_range(size_t address, size_t length, ulong flags)
+    {
+        size_t end = address + length;
+        for (size_t page = address & ~0xFFFu; page < end; page += PAGE_SIZE)
+        {
+            map(page, page, flags);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void debug_lookup(void * address)
+    {
+        klog.writefln("Debugging page table lookup of 0x%x", address);
+        PageTable * pt = m_pt_base;
+        for (size_t level = 0; level < 4u; level++)
+        {
+            PageTableEntry pte = *pt.entry(address, level);
+            klog.writefln("Level %u, index %u, entry = 0x%x", level, pt.index(address, level), pte);
+            if (pte.present)
+            {
+                pt = pte.follow();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+            if (pte.huge)
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static PageTable * allocate_pt()
+    {
+        PageTable * pt = cast(PageTable *)hippo.allocate_page();
+        memset64(pt, 0u, PAGE_SIZE / 8u);
+        return pt;
+    }
+}

src/hulk/idt.d

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+/**
+ * IDT (Interrupt Descriptor Table) functionality.
+ */
+module hulk.idt;
+
+import hulk.gdt;
+import ldc.llvmasm;
+import hulk.fb;
+import hulk.console;
+import hulk.klog;
+import hulk.apic;
+import hulk.rtc;
+
+struct idt
+{
+    /* The I/O APIC is configured to map IRQ 0 to interrupt 64 (0x40). */
+    public static enum ulong INT_RTC = 0x48u; /* IRQ 8 */
+
+    public static enum ulong INT_LAPIC_TIMER = 0x70u;
+    public static enum ulong INT_LAPIC_LINT0 = 0x71u;
+    public static enum ulong INT_LAPIC_LINT1 = 0x72u;
+
+    struct idtr_t
+    {
+        ushort limit;
+        align(2) ulong offset;
+    }
+    static assert(idtr_t.sizeof == 10u);
+
+    alias descriptor_t = ulong[2];
+
+    static __gshared align(0x10) descriptor_t[256] idt;
+    static assert(idt.sizeof == (256u * 16u));
+    static __gshared idtr_t idtr;
+
+    public static void initialize()
+    {
+        set_isrs();
+        idtr.limit = idt.sizeof - 1u;
+        idtr.offset = cast(ulong)&idt;
+        lidt(&idtr);
+    }
+
+    private static void lidt(idtr_t * idtr)
+    {
+        __asm("lidt $0", "*m", idtr);
+    }
+
+    private static bool isr_has_error_code(size_t isr)
+    {
+        return (isr == 8) ||
+            ((10 <= isr) && (isr <= 14)) ||
+            (isr == 17) ||
+            (isr == 21) ||
+            (isr == 29) ||
+            (isr == 30);
+    }
+
+    private static bool isr_is_trap(size_t isr)
+    {
+        return (isr < 32u) && (isr != 2u);
+    }
+
+    private static void set_isrs()
+    {
+        ulong isr_address;
+        static foreach(isr; 0 .. 256)
+        {
+            mixin("isr_address = __asm!ulong(`
+                movabs $$1f, %rax
+                jmp 2f
+                1:
+                pushq %rdi
+                pushq %rsi
+                pushq %rax
+                mov $$", isr, ", %rdi
+                " ~ (isr_has_error_code(isr) ? "mov 0x18(%rsp), %rsi" : "") ~ "
+                movabs $$isr, %rax
+                callq *%rax
+                popq %rax
+                popq %rsi
+                popq %rdi
+                " ~ (isr_has_error_code(isr) ? "add $$8, %rsp" : "") ~ "
+                iretq
+                2:`, `={rax}`);");
+            mixin("set_descriptor(", isr, ", 0u, " ~
+                    (isr_is_trap(isr) ? "true" : "false") ~ ", isr_address);");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void set_descriptor(size_t index, ulong dpl, bool trap, ulong offset)
+    {
+        idt[index][0] =
+            0x0000_8E_00_0000_0000u |
+            ((offset & 0xFFFF_0000u) << 32u) |
+            (dpl << 45u) |
+            ((trap ? 1uL : 0uL) << 40u) |
+            (gdt.SELECTOR_KERNEL_CODE << 16u) |
+            (offset & 0xFFFFu);
+        idt[index][1] = offset >> 32u;
+    }
+}
+
+public extern(C) void isr(ulong vector, ulong arg)
+{
+    switch (vector)
+    {
+    case idt.INT_RTC:
+        rtc.isr();
+        break;
+
+    case idt.INT_LAPIC_TIMER:
+    case idt.INT_LAPIC_LINT0:
+    case idt.INT_LAPIC_LINT1:
+        apic.isr(vector);
+        break;
+
+    default:
+        console.clear();
+        fb.clear(0xFF8000u);
+        klog.writefln("ISR %u, 0x%x", vector, arg);
+        __asm("cli", "");
+        for (;;)
+        {
+            __asm("hlt", "");
+        }
+    }
+}

src/hulk/klog.d

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/**
+ * HULK Kernel Log buffer.
+ */
+module hulk.klog;
+
+import core.stdc.stdarg;
+import hulk.console;
+static import hulk.writef;
+
+struct klog
+{
+    /**
+     * Kernel buffer size log.
+     * 16 gives a kernel buffer size of 64KB.
+     */
+    private enum size_t KLOG_SIZE_LOG = 16u;
+
+    /** Kernel buffer size.  */
+    private enum size_t KLOG_SIZE = 1u << KLOG_SIZE_LOG;
+
+    /** Kernel log buffer. */
+    private static __gshared align(4096) ubyte[KLOG_SIZE] klog_buffer;
+
+    /** Write index in the kernel log buffer. */
+    private static __gshared size_t klog_index;
+
+    /**
+     * Initialize the klog module.
+     */
+    public static void initialize()
+    {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write a formatted string to the kernel log.
+     *
+     * @param s Format string.
+     * @param args Variable arguments structure.
+     */
+    public static void writef(string s, va_list args)
+    {
+        hulk.writef.writef(s, args, function void(ubyte ch) {
+                    console.write(ch);
+                });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write a formatted string to the kernel log.
+     *
+     * @param s Format string.
+     */
+    public static extern (C) void writef(string s, ...)
+    {
+        va_list args;
+        va_start(args, s);
+        writef(s, args);
+        va_end(args);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write a formatted string and newline to the console.
+     *
+     * @param s Format string.
+     */
+    public static extern (C) void writefln(string s, ...)
+    {
+        va_list args;
+        va_start(args, s);
+        writef(s, args);
+        writef("\n", args);
+        va_end(args);
+    }
+}

src/hulk/linker_addresses.d

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+/**
+ * This module provides access to linker-defined symbols.
+ */
+module hulk.linker_addresses;
+
+private extern extern(C) __gshared ubyte _hulk_header_start;
+private extern extern(C) __gshared ubyte _hulk_header_end;
+private extern extern(C) __gshared ubyte _hulk_header_size;
+
+private extern extern(C) __gshared ubyte _hulk_text_start;
+private extern extern(C) __gshared ubyte _hulk_text_end;
+private extern extern(C) __gshared ubyte _hulk_text_size;
+
+private extern extern(C) __gshared ubyte _hulk_rodata_start;
+private extern extern(C) __gshared ubyte _hulk_rodata_end;
+private extern extern(C) __gshared ubyte _hulk_rodata_size;
+
+private extern extern(C) __gshared ubyte _hulk_data_start;
+private extern extern(C) __gshared ubyte _hulk_data_end;
+private extern extern(C) __gshared ubyte _hulk_data_size;
+
+private extern extern(C) __gshared ubyte _hulk_bss_start;
+private extern extern(C) __gshared ubyte _hulk_bss_end;
+private extern extern(C) __gshared ubyte _hulk_bss_size;
+
+/* hulk_binary includes header, text, rodata, and data */
+private extern extern(C) __gshared ubyte _hulk_binary_size;
+
+/* hulk_mem includes header, text, rodata, data, and bss */
+private extern extern(C) __gshared ubyte _hulk_mem_start;
+private extern extern(C) __gshared ubyte _hulk_mem_end;
+private extern extern(C) __gshared ubyte _hulk_mem_size;
+
+/**
+ * This struct provides access to linker-defined symbols.
+ */
+public struct LinkerAddresses
+{
+    public static @property ulong hulk_header_start()
+    {
+        return cast(ulong)&_hulk_header_start;
+    }
+
+    public static @property ulong hulk_header_end()
+    {
+        return cast(ulong)&_hulk_header_end;
+    }
+
+    public static @property ulong hulk_header_size()
+    {
+        return cast(ulong)&_hulk_header_size;
+    }
+
+
+    public static @property ulong hulk_text_start()
+    {
+        return cast(ulong)&_hulk_text_start;
+    }
+
+    public static @property ulong hulk_text_end()
+    {
+        return cast(ulong)&_hulk_text_end;
+    }
+
+    public static @property ulong hulk_text_size()
+    {
+        return cast(ulong)&_hulk_text_size;
+    }
+
+
+    public static @property ulong hulk_rodata_start()
+    {
+        return cast(ulong)&_hulk_rodata_start;
+    }
+
+    public static @property ulong hulk_rodata_end()
+    {
+        return cast(ulong)&_hulk_rodata_end;
+    }
+
+    public static @property ulong hulk_rodata_size()
+    {
+        return cast(ulong)&_hulk_rodata_size;
+    }
+
+
+    public static @property ulong hulk_data_start()
+    {
+        return cast(ulong)&_hulk_data_start;
+    }
+
+    public static @property ulong hulk_data_end()
+    {
+        return cast(ulong)&_hulk_data_end;
+    }
+
+    public static @property ulong hulk_data_size()
+    {
+        return cast(ulong)&_hulk_data_size;
+    }
+
+
+    public static @property ulong hulk_bss_start()
+    {
+        return cast(ulong)&_hulk_bss_start;
+    }
+
+    public static @property ulong hulk_bss_end()
+    {
+        return cast(ulong)&_hulk_bss_end;
+    }
+
+    public static @property ulong hulk_bss_size()
+    {
+        return cast(ulong)&_hulk_bss_size;
+    }
+
+
+    public static @property ulong hulk_binary_size()
+    {
+        return cast(ulong)&_hulk_binary_size;
+    }
+
+
+    public static @property ulong hulk_mem_start()
+    {
+        return cast(ulong)&_hulk_mem_start;
+    }
+
+    public static @property ulong hulk_mem_end()
+    {
+        return cast(ulong)&_hulk_mem_end;
+    }
+
+    public static @property ulong hulk_mem_size()
+    {
+        return cast(ulong)&_hulk_mem_size;
+    }
+}

src/hulk/memory.d

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/**
+ * Memory-related functions.
+ */
+module hulk.memory;
+
+import ldc.llvmasm;
+
+void memset(void * dest, ubyte v, size_t n)
+{
+    __asm("rep stosb",
+          "{al},{rcx},{rdi},~{rcx},~{rdi},~{memory}",
+          v, n, dest);
+}
+
+void memset16(void * dest, ushort v, size_t n)
+{
+    __asm("rep stosw",
+          "{ax},{rcx},{rdi},~{rcx},~{rdi},~{memory}",
+          v, n, dest);
+}
+
+void memset32(void * dest, uint v, size_t n)
+{
+    __asm("rep stosl",
+          "{eax},{rcx},{rdi},~{rcx},~{rdi},~{memory}",
+          v, n, dest);
+}
+
+void memset64(void * dest, ulong v, size_t n)
+{
+    __asm("rep stosq",
+          "{rax},{rcx},{rdi},~{rcx},~{rdi},~{memory}",
+          v, n, dest);
+}
+
+void memcpy(void * dest, const(void) * src, size_t n)
+{
+    __asm("rep movsb",
+          "{rcx},{rsi},{rdi},~{rcx},~{rsi},~{rdi},~{memory}",
+          n, src, dest);
+}
+
+void memcpy16(void * dest, const(void) * src, size_t n)
+{
+    __asm("rep movsw",
+          "{rcx},{rsi},{rdi},~{rcx},~{rsi},~{rdi},~{memory}",
+          n, src, dest);
+}
+
+void memcpy32(void * dest, const(void) * src, size_t n)
+{
+    __asm("rep movsl",
+          "{rcx},{rsi},{rdi},~{rcx},~{rsi},~{rdi},~{memory}",
+          n, src, dest);
+}
+
+void memcpy64(void * dest, const(void) * src, size_t n)
+{
+    __asm("rep movsq",
+          "{rcx},{rsi},{rdi},~{rcx},~{rsi},~{rdi},~{memory}",
+          n, src, dest);
+}

src/hulk/mtrr.d

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/**
+ * MTRR (Memory Type Range Register) support for HULK.
+ */
+module hulk.mtrr;
+
+import hulk.cpu;
+import hulk.klog;
+
+enum ulong MTRR_TYPE_UC = 0u; /* Uncacheable */
+enum ulong MTRR_TYPE_WC = 1u; /* Write-Combining */
+enum ulong MTRR_TYPE_WT = 4u; /* Writethrough */
+enum ulong MTRR_TYPE_WP = 5u; /* Write-Protect */
+enum ulong MTRR_TYPE_WB = 6u; /* Writeback */
+
+enum uint MSR_MTRRCAP = 0xFEu;
+enum uint MSR_MTRRDEFTYPE = 0x2FFu;
+enum uint MSR_MTRRPHYSBASE0 = 0x200u;
+enum uint MSR_MTRRPHYSMASK0 = 0x201u;
+
+enum ulong MTRRCAP_WC = 0x400u;
+enum ulong MTRRCAP_FIX = 0x100u;
+enum ulong MTRRCAP_VCNT_MASK = 0xFFu;
+
+enum ulong MTRRDEFTYPE_E = 0x800u;
+enum ulong MTRRDEFTYPE_FE = 0x400u;
+enum ulong MTRRDEFTYPE_TYPE_MASK = 0xFFu;
+
+enum ulong MTRRPHYSBASE_PHYSBASE_MASK = 0x000F_FFFF_FFFF_F000u;
+enum ulong MTRRPHYSBASE_TYPE_MASK = 0xFFu;
+
+enum ulong MTRRPHYSMASK_PHYSMASK_MASK = 0x000F_FFFF_FFFF_F000u;
+enum ulong MTRRPHYSMASK_VALID = 0x800u;
+
+struct mtrr
+{
+    public static void initialize()
+    {
+        uint ebx;
+        uint ecx;
+        uint edx;
+        cpuid1(&ebx, &ecx, &edx);
+        if ((edx & CPUID_1_EDX_MTRR) == 0u)
+        {
+            klog.writefln("CPU does not support MTRR");
+            return;
+        }
+        const(ulong) mtrrcap = rdmsr(MSR_MTRRCAP);
+        const(ulong) mtrrdeftype = rdmsr(MSR_MTRRDEFTYPE);
+    }
+
+    private static ulong get_phys_base(uint n)
+    {
+        return rdmsr(MSR_MTRRPHYSBASE0 + 2u * n);
+    }
+
+    private static void set_phys_base(uint n, ulong physbase)
+    {
+        wrmsr(MSR_MTRRPHYSBASE0 + 2u * n, physbase);
+    }
+
+    private static ulong get_phys_mask(uint n)
+    {
+        return rdmsr(MSR_MTRRPHYSMASK0 + 2u * n);
+    }
+
+    private static void set_phys_mask(uint n, ulong physmask)
+    {
+        wrmsr(MSR_MTRRPHYSMASK0 + 2u * n, physmask);
+    }
+}

src/hulk/pagetable.d

@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+/**
+ * Page table structures.
+ */
+module hulk.pagetable;
+
+/** Page table entry attributes. @{ */
+enum ulong PT_PRESENT = 0x1u;
+enum ulong PT_WRITABLE = 0x2u;
+enum ulong PT_USER = 0x4u;
+enum ulong PT_WRITE_THROUGH = 0x8u;
+enum ulong PT_DISABLE_CACHE = 0x10u;
+enum ulong PT_ACCESSED = 0x20u;
+enum ulong PT_DIRTY = 0x40u;
+enum ulong PT_HUGE_PAGE = 0x80u;
+enum ulong PT_GLOBAL = 0x100u;
+enum ulong PT_NO_EXECUTE = 0x8000_0000_0000_0000u;
+/** @} */
+
+/** Page size in bytes. */
+enum ulong PAGE_SIZE = 4096u;
+
+/**
+ * Structure that represents a page table entry.
+ */
+struct PageTableEntry
+{
+    /** The raw page table entry is a 64-bit ulong. */
+    public ulong entry;
+    alias entry this;
+
+    /**
+     * Construct a page table entry.
+     *
+     * @param address
+     *   Address pointed to by the page table entry (ulong or pointer).
+     * @param flags
+     *   Page table flags (ORed set of PT_*).
+     */
+    this(T)(T address, ulong flags = 0u)
+    {
+        entry = cast(ulong)address | flags;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return whether the page is present.
+     */
+    public @property bool present() const
+    {
+        return (entry & PT_PRESENT) != 0u;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return whether the page is writable.
+     */
+    public @property bool writable() const
+    {
+        return (entry & PT_WRITABLE) != 0u;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return whether the page is a user page.
+     */
+    public @property bool user() const
+    {
+        return (entry & PT_USER) != 0u;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return whether the page is write-through.
+     */
+    public @property bool write_through() const
+    {
+        return (entry & PT_WRITE_THROUGH) != 0u;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return whether the page has disable cache set.
+     */
+    public @property bool disable_cache() const
+    {
+        return (entry & PT_DISABLE_CACHE) != 0u;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return whether the page is huge.
+     */
+    public @property bool huge() const
+    {
+        return (entry & PT_HUGE_PAGE) != 0u;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return whether the page is global.
+     */
+    public @property bool global() const
+    {
+        return (entry & PT_GLOBAL) != 0u;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return whether the page is no-execute.
+     */
+    public @property bool no_execute() const
+    {
+        return (entry & PT_NO_EXECUTE) != 0u;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return whether the page is dirty.
+     */
+    public @property bool dirty() const
+    {
+        return (entry & PT_DIRTY) != 0u;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return whether the page is accessed.
+     */
+    public @property bool accessed() const
+    {
+        return (entry & PT_ACCESSED) != 0u;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Follow the page table entry to the next page table it points to.
+     */
+    public PageTable * follow() const
+    {
+        return cast(PageTable *)(entry & 0x7FFF_FFFF_FFFF_F000u);
+    }
+}
+static assert(PageTableEntry.sizeof == 8u);
+
+/**
+ * Structure that represents a page table.
+ */
+struct PageTable
+{
+    /** Number of page table entries in a page table. */
+    enum size_t N_ENTRIES = 512u;
+
+    /** Page table entries. */
+    private PageTableEntry[N_ENTRIES] entries;
+
+    /**
+     * Access the PageTableEntry for the given address and page table level.
+     *
+     * @param address
+     *   Address to look up the page table entry (ulong or pointer).
+     * @param level
+     *   Page table level (0-4).
+     */
+    public PageTableEntry * entry(T)(T address, ulong level)
+    {
+        return &entries[index(cast(ulong)address, level)];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determine the index into the page table for the given address and page
+     * table level.
+     *
+     * @param address
+     *   Address to look up the page table entry (ulong or pointer).
+     * @param level
+     *   Page table level (0-4).
+     */
+    public ulong index(T)(T address, ulong level)
+    {
+        return (cast(ulong)address >> (39u - (9u * level))) & 0x1FFu;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Access a page table entry by linear index.
+     *
+     * @param index
+     *   Page table index (0-511).
+     *
+     * @return PageTableEntry at the given index.
+     */
+    public PageTableEntry opIndex(size_t index)
+    {
+        return entries[index];
+    }
+}
+static assert(PageTable.sizeof == 4096u);

src/hulk/pci.d

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+module hulk.pci;
+
+import hulk.cpu;
+import hulk.klog;
+
+struct pci
+{
+    /* IO address for PCI configuration address. */
+    enum IO_ADDR_CONFIG_ADDRESS = 0xCF8u;
+
+    /* IO address for PCI configuration data. */
+    enum IO_ADDR_CONFIG_DATA = 0xCFCu;
+
+    private static ulong read_config_register(ulong bus_id, ulong device_id, ulong register_id)
+    {
+        ulong addr = 0x8000_0000u | (bus_id << 16u) | (device_id << 11u) | (register_id << 2u);
+        out32(IO_ADDR_CONFIG_ADDRESS, addr);
+        return in32(IO_ADDR_CONFIG_DATA);
+    }
+
+    private static void scan(ulong bus_id, ulong device_id)
+    {
+        ulong reg0 = read_config_register(bus_id, device_id, 0u);
+        if (reg0 != 0xFFFFFFFFu)
+        {
+            ulong reg2 = read_config_register(bus_id, device_id, 2u);
+            klog.writefln("Found PCI device %04x:%04x (%02x:%02x:%02x) at %02u:%02u",
+                    (reg0 & 0xFFFFu), (reg0 >> 16u),
+                    (reg2 >> 24u) & 0xFFu,
+                    (reg2 >> 16u) & 0xFFu,
+                    (reg2 >> 8u) & 0xFFu,
+                    bus_id, device_id);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void initialize()
+    {
+        klog.writefln("Scanning PCI devices...");
+        for (ulong bus_id = 0u; bus_id < 256u; bus_id++)
+        {
+            for (ulong device_id = 0u; device_id < 32u; device_id++)
+            {
+                scan(bus_id, device_id);
+            }
+        }
+        klog.writefln("PCI scan complete.");
+    }
+}

src/hulk/pic.d

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/**
+ * PIC (Programmable Interrupt Controller) functionality.
+ */
+module hulk.pic;
+
+import hulk.cpu;
+
+struct pic
+{
+    public static void initialize()
+    {
+        /* Disable the PIC. */
+        out8(0xA1u, 0xFFu);
+        out8(0x21u, 0xFFu);
+    }
+}

src/hulk/pit.d

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/**
+ * PIT (Programmable Interval Timer) functionality.
+ */
+module hulk.pit;
+
+import hulk.cpu;
+import hulk.klog;
+
+struct pit
+{
+    /** PIT input frequency in 1/1000 Hz. */
+    private enum ulong PIT_FREQUENCY_1000HZ = 1_193_181_667u;
+    private enum ulong TARGET_INTERRUPT_HZ = 100u;
+    private enum ulong TARGET_INTERRUPT_1000HZ = TARGET_INTERRUPT_HZ * 1000u;
+    private enum ulong PIT_DIVIDER = (PIT_FREQUENCY_1000HZ + TARGET_INTERRUPT_1000HZ / 2u) / TARGET_INTERRUPT_1000HZ;
+
+    /** PIT channel 0 I/O port. */
+    private enum ubyte PORT_CH_0 = 0x40u;
+    /** PIT channel 1 I/O port. */
+    private enum ubyte PORT_CH_1 = 0x41u;
+    /** PIT channel 2 I/O port. */
+    private enum ubyte PORT_CH_2 = 0x42u;
+    /** PIT mode/command register I/O port. */
+    private enum ubyte PORT_MC = 0x43u;
+
+    private enum ubyte MC_CH_0 = 0x00u;
+    private enum ubyte MC_LO_HI = 0x30u;
+    private enum ubyte MC_RATE_GENERATOR = 0x04u;
+    private enum ubyte MC_BINARY = 0x00u;
+
+    public static void initialize()
+    {
+        out8(PORT_MC, MC_CH_0 | MC_LO_HI | MC_RATE_GENERATOR | MC_BINARY);
+        out8(PORT_CH_0, PIT_DIVIDER & 0xFFu);
+        out8(PORT_CH_0, PIT_DIVIDER >> 8u);
+    }
+
+    public static void isr()
+    {
+        klog.writefln("PIT ISR");
+    }
+}

src/hulk/rtc.d

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/**
+ * RTC (Real-Time Clock) functionality.
+ */
+module hulk.rtc;
+
+import hulk.cpu;
+import hulk.klog;
+import hulk.apic;
+
+struct rtc
+{
+    private enum ubyte PORT_SELECT = 0x70u;
+    private enum ubyte PORT_DATA = 0x71u;
+
+    private enum ubyte DISABLE_NMI = 0x80u;
+
+    private enum ubyte SR_A = 0xAu;
+    private enum ubyte SR_B = 0xBu;
+    private enum ubyte SR_C = 0xCu;
+
+    private enum ubyte SR_B_ENABLE_IRQ = 0x40u;
+
+    public static void initialize()
+    {
+        /* Enable IRQ 8 to receive RTC interrupts. */
+        out8(PORT_SELECT, DISABLE_NMI | SR_B);
+        ubyte sr_b = in8(PORT_DATA);
+        out8(PORT_SELECT, DISABLE_NMI | SR_B);
+        out8(PORT_DATA, sr_b | SR_B_ENABLE_IRQ);
+
+        out8(PORT_SELECT, DISABLE_NMI | SR_A);
+        klog.writefln("SR_A = 0x%x", in8(PORT_DATA));
+
+        /* Send EOI to enable more RTC interrupts and re-enable NMIs. */
+        eoi();
+    }
+
+    private static void eoi()
+    {
+        /* Read from status register C to clear the interrupt. */
+        out8(PORT_SELECT, SR_C);
+        in8(PORT_DATA);
+    }
+
+    public static void isr()
+    {
+        static __gshared ulong count;
+        static __gshared ulong seconds;
+        count++;
+        if ((count % 1024) == 0u)
+        {
+            seconds++;
+            klog.writefln("Seconds: %u", seconds);
+        }
+        eoi();
+        apic.eoi();
+    }
+}

src/hulk/writef.d

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+/**
+ * HULK Formatted stream writing support.
+ */
+module hulk.writef;
+
+import core.stdc.stdarg;
+
+alias ch_out_fn = void function(ubyte);
+
+/**
+ * Format a string and write characters to the given output function.
+ *
+ * @param s Format string.
+ * @param args Variable arguments structure.
+ * @param ch_out Character output function.
+ *
+ * @return Number of characters written.
+ */
+size_t writef(string s, va_list args, ch_out_fn ch_out)
+{
+    size_t length_written;
+    bool escape = false;
+    char pad = ' ';
+    size_t width;
+    foreach (char c; s)
+    {
+        if (escape)
+        {
+            if (c == 'x')
+            {
+                ulong v;
+                va_arg(args, v);
+                length_written += write_hex(v, false, pad, width, ch_out);
+                escape = false;
+            }
+            else if (c == 'X')
+            {
+                ulong v;
+                va_arg(args, v);
+                length_written += write_hex(v, true, pad, width, ch_out);
+                escape = false;
+            }
+            else if (c == 'u')
+            {
+                ulong v;
+                va_arg(args, v);
+                length_written += write_udec(v, pad, width, ch_out);
+                escape = false;
+            }
+            else if ((c == '0') && (width == 0u))
+            {
+                pad = '0';
+            }
+            else if (('0' <= c) && (c <= '9'))
+            {
+                width = (width * 10u) + (c - '0');
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ch_out(c);
+                escape = false;
+            }
+        }
+        else if (c == '%')
+        {
+            escape = true;
+            pad = ' ';
+            width = 0u;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ch_out(c);
+        }
+    }
+    return length_written;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Format a value in hexadecimal to the given output function.
+ *
+ * @param v Value to format.
+ * @param upper Whether to use uppercase letters.
+ * @param pad Pad character to use.
+ * @param width Field width.
+ * @param ch_out Character output function.
+ *
+ * @return Number of characters written.
+ */
+private size_t write_hex(ulong v, bool upper, char pad, size_t width, ch_out_fn ch_out)
+{
+    static __gshared const(char)[16] hex_chars_lower = "0123456789abcdef";
+    static __gshared const(char)[16] hex_chars_upper = "0123456789ABCDEF";
+    char[16] buf;
+    size_t i;
+    do
+    {
+        ulong n = v & 0xFu;
+        buf[i] = upper ? hex_chars_upper[n] : hex_chars_lower[n];
+        v >>= 4u;
+        i++;
+    } while (v != 0u);
+    size_t length_written = i;
+    while (width > i)
+    {
+        ch_out(pad);
+        width--;
+        length_written++;
+    }
+    do
+    {
+        i--;
+        ch_out(buf[i]);
+    } while (i != 0u);
+    return length_written;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Format a value in decimal to the given output function.
+ *
+ * @param v Value to format.
+ * @param pad Pad character to use.
+ * @param width Field width.
+ * @param ch_out Character output function.
+ *
+ * @return Number of characters written.
+ */
+private size_t write_udec(ulong v, char pad, size_t width, ch_out_fn ch_out)
+{
+    char[20] buf;
+    size_t i;
+    do
+    {
+        ulong d = v % 10u;
+        buf[i] = cast(char)(d + '0');
+        v /= 10u;
+        i++;
+    } while (v != 0u);
+    size_t length_written = i;
+    while (width > i)
+    {
+        ch_out(pad);
+        width--;
+        length_written++;
+    }
+    do
+    {
+        i--;
+        ch_out(buf[i]);
+    } while (i != 0u);
+    return length_written;
+}

stage1.asm

@@ -1,228 +0,0 @@
-
-%include "bootdef.inc"
-
-[bits 16]
-
-org 0x7c00
-
-	jmp short start
-
-; --------------------------------------------------
-; data portion of the "DOS BOOT RECORD"
-; ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-brINT13Flag     DB      90H             ; 0002h - 0EH for INT13 AH=42 READ
-brOEM           DB      'MSDOS5.0'      ; 0003h - OEM ID - Windows 95B
-brBPS           DW      512             ; 000Bh - Bytes per sector
-brSPC           DB      1               ; 000Dh - Sector per cluster
-brSc_b4_fat	DW      1               ; 000Eh - Reserved sectors
-brFATs          DB      2               ; 0010h - FAT copies
-brRootEntries   DW      0E0H		; 0011h - Root directory entries
-brSectorCount   DW      2880		; 0013h - Sectors in volume, < 32MB
-brMedia         DB      240		; 0015h - Media descriptor
-brSPF           DW      9               ; 0016h - Sectors per FAT
-brSc_p_trk	DW      18              ; 0018h - Sectors per head/track
-brHPC           DW      2		; 001Ah - Heads per cylinder
-brSc_b4_prt	DD      0               ; 001Ch - Hidden sectors
-brSectors       DD      0	        ; 0020h - Total number of sectors
-brDrive		DB      0               ; 0024h - Physical drive no.
-		DB      0               ; 0025h - Reserved (FAT32)
-		DB      29H             ; 0026h - Extended boot record sig (FAT32)
-brSerialNum     DD      404418EAH       ; 0027h - Volume serial number
-brLabel         DB      'Holtrops OS'   ; 002Bh - Volume label
-brFSID          DB      'FAT12   '      ; 0036h - File System ID
-;------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-start:
-	jmp	0:jmphere		;ensure that cs=0 and ip=0x7c00...
-jmphere:
-	;dl=drive number, save it!
-	xor	ax, ax
-	mov	ds, ax
-	mov	[brDrive], dl
-	cli
-	mov	ss, ax
-	mov	sp, 0x7Bfe		;right under boot sector
-	sti
-
-	mov	ax, 0xb800
-	mov	ds, ax
-	mov	es, ax
-
-	xor	di, di
-	mov	ax, 0x0700
-	mov	cx, 2000
-cls:
-	stosw
-	loop	cls
-
-enable_a20:
-	in	al, 0x64
-	test	al, 2
-	jnz	enable_a20
-	mov	al, 0xD1
-	out	0x64, al
-ea20_2:	in	al, 0x64
-	and	ax, byte 2
-	jnz	ea20_2
-	mov	al, 0xDF
-	out	0x60, al
-
-unreal:
-	xor	ax, ax
-	mov	es, ax
-	mov	ds, ax
-
-	lgdt	[gdtr]		;load gdt
-	cli
-	push	es
-	push	ds		;save segment values
-	mov	ebx, cr0
-	inc	bl
-	mov	cr0, ebx	;pmode!
-	mov	ax, KERNEL_DATA
-	mov	es, ax
-	mov	ds, ax		;load segment limits
-	dec	bl
-	mov	cr0, ebx	;back to real mode!
-	pop	ds
-	pop	es		;segments back, with 4gb limits!
-	sti
-
-;now lets read in the FAT and root directory so we can search for the stage2 file...
-	mov	ax, 0x0209		;FAT1
-	mov	cx, 0x0002
-	xor	dh, dh
-	mov	dl, [brDrive]
-	mov	bx, BOOT_FAT_SEG
-	mov	es, bx
-	xor	bx, bx
-	int	0x13
-
-	mov	ax, 0x020E		;root directory
-	mov	cx, 0x0002		;cyl/sect
-	mov	dh, 0x01		;head
-	mov	dl, [brDrive]		;drive
-	mov	bx, BOOT_ROOT_SEG
-	mov	es, bx
-	xor	bx, bx
-	int	0x13
-
-;k now read root directory
-	mov	bx, BOOT_ROOT_SEG
-	mov	ds, bx
-	xor	si, si			;k now ds:si points to beginning of root directory
-	mov	es, si
-	mov	cx, 224			;max root entries
-loop_compare:
-	mov	di, stage2
-	push	cx
-	push	si			;save pointer to root dir entry
-	mov	cx, 11
-loop_name:
-	cmpsb
-	loopz	loop_name
-	jnz	goon			;cx didn't get to zero, bad file
-	pop	si
-	pop	cx
-	jmp	found_file		;good file, ds:si points to start of root directory entry
-goon:
-	pop	si
-	pop	cx
-	add	si, 32
-	loop	loop_compare
-
-error:
-	jmp	$			;halt! no kernel file found!
-
-found_file:				;ds:si points to root dir entry
-	xor	ax, ax
-	mov	gs, ax
-	mov	ax, BOOT_STAGE2_SEG
-	mov	es, ax
-
-	mov	ax, [ds:si+26]
-	mov	bx, BOOT_FAT_SEG
-	mov	ds, bx			;ds points to beginning of FAT
-	xor	di, di
-
-readstage2_loop:
-	cmp	ax, 0xff7
-	jg	readstage2_done
-	inc	di
-	push	ax
-	call	getCHSfromCluster
-	mov	ax, 0x0201
-	mov	dl, [gs:BOOT_DRIVE]
-	xor	bx, bx
-	int	0x13
-	mov	bx, es
-	add	bx, 0x0020
-	mov	es, bx
-	pop	ax			;current logical cluster #
-
-	mov	cx, ax			;cx=logical cluster
-	mov	dx, 3
-	mul	dx
-	shr	ax, 1			;ax=logical cluster * 3 / 2
-	mov	si, ax
-	test	cl, 1			;is bit0 set?
-	jnz	odd_cluster
-even_cluster:
-	lodsw
-	and	ax, 0x0fff
-	jmp	got_cluster
-odd_cluster:
-	lodsw
-	shr	ax, 4
-got_cluster:
-	jmp	readstage2_loop
-
-readstage2_done:
-
-	jmp	0:BOOT_STAGE2_ADD
-
-;------------------------------------------------------
-getCHSfromCluster:
-	;input: ax=lba of sector on floppy (0-2879)
-	add	ax, 31			;convert logical cluster# to lba#
-	xor	dx, dx			;lba->chs
-	mov	bx, 18
-	div	bx
-	inc	dx
-	mov	cl, dl			;sector# (1-18)
-	xor	dx, dx
-	mov	bx, 2
-	div	bx
-	mov	ch, al			;cylinder# (0-79)
-	mov	dh, dl			;head# (0-1)
-	ret
-
-
-;-------------------------------------------------------
-gdtr:
-	dw	gdt_end-gdt-1
-	dd	gdt
-gdt:
-	dd	0
-	dd	0
-
-KERNEL_DATA equ $-gdt
-	db	0xff		;segment 16 = 4gb data
-	db	0xff
-	db	0x00
-	db	0x00
-	db	0x00
-	db	0x92
-	db	0xcf		;cf
-	db	0x00
-
-gdt_end:
-
-
-
-stage2:	db	"STAGE2  BIN"
-
-times 510-($-$$)	db 0
-
-db	0x55, 0xaa
-

stage2.asm

@@ -1,971 +0,0 @@
-
-%include "bootdef.inc"
-
-%define VESA_MODEINFO_SEG 0x0120
-%define VESA_MODELIST_SEG 0x0140
-%define GOOD_MODELIST_SEG 0x0160
-
-[bits 16]
-
-org BOOT_STAGE2_ADD
-
-
-;k now read root directory
-	mov	bx, BOOT_ROOT_SEG
-	mov	ds, bx
-	xor	si, si			;k now ds:si points to beginning of root directory
-	mov	es, si
-	mov	cx, 224			;max root entries
-loop_compare:
-	mov	di, kernel
-	push	cx
-	push	si			;save pointer to root dir entry
-	mov	cx, 11
-loop_name:
-	cmpsb
-	loopz	loop_name
-	jnz	goon			;cx didn't get to zero, bad file
-	pop	si
-	pop	cx
-	jmp	found_file		;good file, ds:si points to start of root directory entry
-goon:
-	pop	si
-	add	si, 32
-	pop	cx
-	loop	loop_compare
-
-error:
-	jmp	$			;halt! no kernel file found!
-
-found_file:				;ds:si points to root dir entry of kernel file
-	xor	ax, ax
-	mov	gs, ax
-	mov	ax, [ds:si+26]
-	mov	bx, BOOT_FAT_SEG
-	mov	ds, bx			;ds points to beginning of FAT
-	mov	edi, BOOT_KERNEL_ADD
-
-readkernel_loop:
-	cmp	ax, 0xff7
-	jg	readkernel_done
-	push	ax
-	call	getCHSfromCluster
-	mov	ax, 0x0201
-	mov	dl, [gs:BOOT_DRIVE]
-	mov	bx, BOOT_KERNEL_SEG
-	mov	es, bx
-	xor	bx, bx
-	int	0x13
-	mov	cx, 256
-	xor	ax, ax
-	mov	es, ax
-	mov	esi, BOOT_KERNEL_SEG*16
-copykernel_loop:
-	mov	ax, [es:esi]
-	mov	[es:edi], ax
-	inc	esi
-	inc	esi
-	inc	edi
-	inc	edi
-	loop	copykernel_loop
-
-	pop	ax			;current logical cluster #
-
-	mov	cx, ax			;cx=logical cluster
-	mov	dx, 3
-	mul	dx
-	shr	ax, 1			;ax=logical cluster * 3 / 2
-	mov	si, ax
-	test	cl, 1			;is bit0 set?
-	jnz	odd_cluster
-even_cluster:
-	lodsw
-	and	ax, 0x0fff
-	jmp	got_cluster
-odd_cluster:
-	lodsw
-	shr	ax, 4
-got_cluster:
-	jmp	readkernel_loop
-
-;------------------------------------------------------
-readkernel_done:			;-------------put more real mode init stuff here!
-					;----ask to load RD from floppy
-	mov	ax, 0xb800
-	mov	es, ax
-	xor	ax, ax
-	mov	ds, ax
-	xor	di, di
-	mov	cx, 2000
-	mov	ax, 0x0700
-cls_loop:
-	stosw
-	loop	cls_loop
-
-	mov	dx, 0x3d4		;move cursor off screen...
-	mov	al, 0x0e
-	out	dx, al
-	inc	dx
-	mov	al, 0xff
-	out	dx, al
-	dec	dx
-	mov	al, 0x0f
-	out	dx, al
-	inc	dx
-	out	dx, al
-
-	xor	di, di
-	mov	si, txt_welcome
-	mov	ah, 0x1f
-	call	puts
-
-	mov	di, 160
-	mov	si, txt_rd1
-	mov	ah, 7
-	call	puts
-
-	mov	si, txt_rd2
-	mov	di, 160*2
-	call	puts
-
-	mov	di, 160*3
-	mov	si, txt_input
-	call	puts
-
-get_rd:
-	xor	ax, ax
-	int	0x16
-	cmp	al, '1'
-	jz	got_rd
-	cmp	al, '2'
-	jnz	get_rd
-got_rd:	
-	stosb
-	sub	al, '1'
-	push	ds
-	mov	bx, BOOT_DATA_SEG		;segment for data to send kernel
-	mov	ds, bx
-	mov	[ds:BOOT_HASRD], al
-	pop	ds				;ds=0
-	cmp	al, 0				;dont load rd
-	jnz	yes_rd
-	jmp	no_rd
-yes_rd:
-	mov	cx, 80
-	mov	edi, 0xb8000+160*4
-filler_loop:                                    ;draw a red bar
-	mov	word [ds:edi], 0x0400+177
-	inc	edi
-	inc	edi
-	loop	filler_loop
-
-	mov	cx, 80				;80 cylinders to read
-	xor	si, si                          ;start at cylinder 0
-	mov	edi, BOOT_RD_ADD		;ram disk address
-read_cylinder:
-	push	cx
-	
-	mov	bx, 0x0100			;read sectors from head 0
-	mov	es, bx
-	xor	bx, bx                          ;es:bx = data buffer for read
-	mov	ax, 0x0212			;ah = int 0x13 function 2, al = number of sectors to read
-	mov	cx, si                          ;what cyl. we are on is now in cx
-	mov	ch, cl				;ch = cyl. number
-	mov	cl, 1                           ;cl = sector number 1-63
-	xor	dx, dx				;dh = head number
-	mov	dl, [gs:BOOT_DRIVE]             ;dl = drive number
-	int	0x13
-
-	mov	bx, 0x0100			;now read sectors from head 1
-	mov	es, bx
-	mov	bx, 9216                        ;es:bx = data buffer for read
-	mov	ax, 0x0212			;ah = int 0x13 function 2, al = number of sectors to read
-	mov	cx, si                          ;what cyl. we are on is now in cx
-	mov	ch, cl				;ch = cyl. number
-	mov	cl, 1                           ;cl = sector number 1-63
-	mov	dh, 1				;dh = head number
-	mov	dl, [gs:BOOT_DRIVE]             ;dl = drive number
-	int	0x13
-
-	mov	ebx, 0xb8000
-	add	bx, si
-	shl	bl, 1
-	mov	word [ds:ebx+160*4], 0x0200+219
-
-	push	si
-	mov	esi, 0x1000
-	mov	cx, 0x2400
-copydisk_loop:
-	mov	ax, [ds:esi]
-	inc	esi
-	inc	esi
-	mov	[ds:edi], ax
-	inc	edi
-	inc	edi
-	loop	copydisk_loop
-
-	pop	si				;what cylinder# we are on...
-	inc	si
-	pop	cx
-	loop	read_cylinder
-
-;------------------------------------------------------
-no_rd:
-	mov	ax, BOOT_DATA_SEG
-	mov	es, ax
-	mov	di, BOOT_MEMMAP			;store memmap info in es:di for kernel
-	xor	edx, edx
-	mov	ax, 0x0100
-	mov	ds, ax
-	xor	ebx, ebx
-getmemmap_loop:
-	push	es
-	push	di
-	push	edx
-	mov	ax, 0x0100			;get memory map
-	mov	es, ax
-	xor	di, di
-	mov	eax, 0x0000E820
-	mov	ecx, 0x00000014
-	;mov	ebx, 0x00000000
-	mov	edx, 0x534D4150			;'SMAP'
-	int	0x15
-	jc	getmemmap_carry
-	cmp	eax, 0x534D4150			;eax should be 'SMAP' on return...
-	jnz	getmemmap_error
-	cmp	ebx, 0
-	jz	getmemmap_done
-
-	pop	edx				;now, copy memmap entry to es:di on the stack
-	pop	di
-	pop	es
-	xor	si, si
-	mov	cx, 20
-getmemmap_copymem_loop:
-	lodsb
-	stosb
-	loop	getmemmap_copymem_loop
-	inc	edx
-	jmp	getmemmap_loop
-
-getmemmap_error:
-	mov	ax, 0xb800
-	mov	es, ax
-	mov	di, 160*24
-	xor	ax, ax
-	mov	ds, ax
-	mov	si, txt_memerror
-	mov	ah, 0x04
-	call	puts
-	hlt
-	jmp	$
-
-getmemmap_carry:
-	dec	edx
-getmemmap_done:
-	pop	edx
-	pop	di
-	pop	es
-
-	xor	si, si
-	mov	cx, 20
-getmemmap_done_copymem_loop:
-	lodsb
-	stosb
-	loop	getmemmap_done_copymem_loop
-	inc	edx
-
-	mov	di, BOOT_MEMENTRIES
-	mov	[es:di], edx			;save # of memmap entries for kernel
-
-						;on to vesa info...
-	xor	ax, ax
-	mov	gs, ax
-	mov	ds, ax
-	mov	ax, 0xb800
-	mov	es, ax
-	mov	di, 160
-	mov	cx, 2000-80
-	mov	ax, 0x0700
-cls_vesa_loop:
-	stosw
-	loop	cls_vesa_loop
-	mov	si, txt_vesa
-	mov	di, 160*1
-	mov	ah, 7
-	call	puts
-
-	push	di
-	mov	ax, 0x0100
-	mov	es, ax
-	xor	di, di
-	mov	dword [es:di], "2EBV"
-	mov	ax, 0x4F00
-
-	int	0x10
-	pop	di
-	cmp	ax, 0x004F
-	jz	vesa_good
-	mov	si, txt_novesa
-	mov	ax, 0xb800
-	mov	es, ax
-	mov	ah, 7
-	call	puts
-	mov	ax, BOOT_DATA_SEG
-	mov	ds, ax
-	mov	word [ds:BOOT_VESA], 0
-	jmp	vesa_done
-vesa_good:
-	mov	ax, 0xb800
-	mov	es, ax
-	mov	ax, 0x0100
-	mov	ds, ax
-	xor	si, si
-	mov	bx, [4]
-	mov	al, bh
-	call	puthex
-	mov	al, '.'
-	stosb
-	mov	al, 7
-	stosb
-	mov	al, bl
-	call	puthex
-	add	di, 4
-	cmp	bh, 2
-	jge	vesa_good2
-	xor	ax, ax
-	mov	ds, ax
-	mov	si, txt_vesaold
-	mov	ah, 7
-	call	puts
-	mov	ax, BOOT_DATA_SEG
-	mov	ds, ax
-	mov	word [ds:BOOT_VESA], 0
-	jmp	vesa_done
-vesa_good2:
-	mov	ebx, [6]			;something like 0x00000E60
-	mov	edx, [14]
-	mov	si, bx
-	shr	ebx, 16
-	mov	ds, bx				;ds:si points to null-terminated OEM identification string
-	mov	ah, 2
-	push	si
-	call	puts
-	pop	si
-	mov	ax, BOOT_DATA_SEG
-	mov	es, ax
-	mov	di, BOOT_VESA_OEM
-vesa_copyoem:
-	lodsb
-	stosb
-	or	al, al
-	jnz	vesa_copyoem
-	mov	ax, 0x0100
-	mov	ds, ax
-	xor	si, si
-	mov	di, BOOT_VESA_VBE
-	mov	cx, 512
-vesa_copyvbe:
-	lodsb
-	stosb
-	loop	vesa_copyvbe
-
-	mov	si, dx
-	shr	edx, 16
-	mov	ds, dx				;ds:si points to video mode list
-	mov	ax, VESA_MODELIST_SEG
-	mov	es, ax
-	xor	di, di
-vesa_copymodes:
-	lodsw
-	stosw
-	cmp	ax, 0xffff
-	jnz	vesa_copymodes
-
-	mov	ax, GOOD_MODELIST_SEG
-	mov	es, ax
-	xor	di, di
-	mov	cx, 256
-	mov	ax, 0xffff
-clear_good_mode_list_loop:
-	stosw
-	loop	clear_good_mode_list_loop
-
-	mov	ax, VESA_MODELIST_SEG
-	mov	ds, ax
-	xor	si, si				;ds:si points to video mode list where we can edit it :)
-	mov	ax, GOOD_MODELIST_SEG
-	mov	es, ax
-	xor	di, di
-	xor	dx, dx				;dx=what good mode # we are on
-vesa_readmodeinfo_loop:
-	lodsw
-	cmp	ax, 0xffff
-	jz	vesa_endofmodes
-	push	ax				;save mode#
-	call	checkmode
-	cmp	ax, 0
-	jz	vesa_readmodeinfo_good
-	pop	ax
-	jmp	vesa_readmodeinfo_loop
-vesa_readmodeinfo_good:
-	pop	ax				;restore mode#
-	stosw
-	call	vesa_showmodeinfo
-	inc	dx
-	jmp	vesa_readmodeinfo_loop
-
-vesa_endofmodes:				;here we have a list of good modes at GOOD_MODELIST_SEG:0
-	xor	ax, ax
-	mov	ds, ax
-	mov	si, txt_consolemode
-	mov	ax, 0xb800
-	mov	es, ax
-	mov	di, 160*2
-	mov	ah, 7
-	call	puts
-	mov	di, 160*3
-	mov	cx, dx
-	mov	al, 'b'
-vesa_displaylabels:
-	stosb
-	push	ax
-	mov	al, 7
-	stosb
-	mov	al, '.'
-	stosb
-	mov	al, 7
-	stosb
-	pop	ax
-	inc	al
-	add	di, 160-4
-	loop	vesa_displaylabels		;done drawing screen of VESA choices, now ask for one
-						;valid options are 'a' through (al-1)
-	mov	bl, al
-	xor	ax, ax
-	mov	ds, ax
-	mov	di, 160*24
-	mov	si, txt_input
-	mov	ah, 14
-	call	puts
-vesa_getchoice:
-	xor	ax, ax
-	int	0x16
-	cmp	al, 'a'
-	jl	vesa_getchoice
-	cmp	al, bl
-	jge	vesa_getchoice
-	stosb
-	push	ax
-	mov	al, 14
-	stosb
-	pop	ax
-	xor	ah, ah
-	sub	ax, 'a'
-	cmp	ax, 0
-	jz	vesa_consolemode_only
-	mov	cx, ax				;cx holds good mode# (1=first good vesa mode)
-	dec	cx
-	mov	ax, GOOD_MODELIST_SEG
-	mov	ds, ax
-	shl	cx, 1
-	mov	si, cx				;ds:si points to word containing selected mode#
-	lodsw
-	mov	cx, ax
-	mov	dx, ax				;cx and dx hold mode#
-
-	mov	ax, VESA_MODEINFO_SEG
-	mov	es, ax
-	xor	di, di
-	mov	ax, 0x4F01
-	int	0x10
-	call	checkvesa
-
-	mov	ax, VESA_MODEINFO_SEG
-	mov	ds, ax
-	xor	si, si
-	mov	ax, BOOT_DATA_SEG
-	mov	es, ax
-	mov	di, BOOT_VESA_INFO
-	mov	cx, 256
-vesa_copymodeinfo_loop:
-	lodsb
-	stosb
-	loop	vesa_copymodeinfo_loop		;store ModeInfoBlock for current
-
-	mov	[es:BOOT_VESA], dx		;store mode# for kernel
-
-;	mov	ax, 0xb800
-;	mov	es, ax
-;	xor	di, di
-;	mov	al, dh
-;	call	puthex2
-;	mov	al, dl
-;	call	puthex2
-
-	mov	bx, dx
-	or	bx, 0x4000			;set "use LFB" bit of mode#
-	mov	ax, 0x4F02
-	int	0x10				;switch to graphics mode!!!
-	call	checkvesa
-
-	jmp	vesa_done
-
-vesa_consolemode_only:
-	mov	ax, BOOT_DATA_SEG
-	mov	es, ax
-	mov	word [es:BOOT_VESA], 0
-
-	jmp	vesa_done
-
-;------------------------------------------------------
-vesa_showmodeinfo:
-	pusha
-	push	es
-	push	ds
-	mov	ax, VESA_MODEINFO_SEG
-	mov	ds, ax
-	xor	si, si
-	mov	ax, 0xb800
-	mov	es, ax
-
-	mov	cx, dx
-
-	mov	ax, 160
-	mul	dx				;ax=160*mod#
-	add	ax, 160*3+6			;offset first line of modes and room on left for label
-	mov	di, ax
-
-	mov	ax, [ds:18]
-	call	console_putDec
-	add	di, 10
-	mov	al, 'x'
-	call	console_putChar
-	inc	di
-	inc	di
-	mov	ax, [ds:20]
-	call	console_putDec
-	add	di, 10
-	mov	al, 'x'
-	call	console_putChar
-	inc	di
-	inc	di
-	xor	ah, ah
-	mov	al, [ds:25]
-	call	console_putDec
-	add	di, 8
-	mov	al, [ds:0]
-	test	al, 0x80
-	jz	vesa_showmodeinfo_done
-	mov	al, 'L'
-	call	console_putChar
-	mov	al, 'F'
-	call	console_putChar
-	mov	al, 'B'
-	call	console_putChar
-	inc	di
-	inc	di
-	mov	ebx, [ds:40]
-	mov	eax, ebx
-	shr	eax, 24
-	call	puthex2
-	mov	eax, ebx
-	shr	eax, 16
-	call	puthex2
-	mov	al, bh
-	call	puthex2
-	mov	al, bl
-	call	puthex2
-vesa_showmodeinfo_done:
-	pop	ds
-	pop	es
-	popa
-	ret
-
-;------------------------------------------------------
-checkmode:
-	push	bx
-	push	cx
-	push	dx
-	push	es
-	push	ds
-	push	di
-	push	si
-	mov	cx, ax				;cx=modenumber
-	mov	ax, VESA_MODEINFO_SEG
-	mov	es, ax
-	xor	di, di
-	mov	ax, 0x4F01
-	int	0x10
-	call	checkvesa
-	xor	di, di				;es:di -> ModeInfoBlock struc
-	mov	ax, [es:di]			;ModeAttributes
-	test	al, 1				;mode supported
-	jz	vesa_modenogood
-	test	al, 8				;color mode
-	jz	vesa_modenogood
-	test	al, 0x10			;graphics mode
-	jz	vesa_modenogood
-	test	al, 0x80			;Linear Frame Buffer supported
-	jz	vesa_modenogood
-	mov	al, [es:di+25]			;BitsPerPixel
-	cmp	al, 16
-	jz	vesa_bppok
-	cmp	al, 24
-	jz	vesa_bppok
-	cmp	al, 32
-	jnz	vesa_modenogood
-vesa_bppok:
-	mov	ax, [es:di+18]			;XResolution
-	mov	bx, [es:di+20]			;YResolution
-	cmp	ax, 640				;640x480
-	jnz	res_goon1
-	cmp	bx, 480
-	jnz	vesa_modenogood
-	jmp	vesa_modegood
-res_goon1:
-	cmp	ax, 800
-	jnz	res_goon2
-	cmp	bx, 600
-	jnz	vesa_modenogood
-	jmp	vesa_modegood
-res_goon2:
-	cmp	ax, 1024
-	jnz	res_goon3
-	cmp	bx, 768
-	jnz	vesa_modenogood
-	jmp	vesa_modegood
-res_goon3:
-	cmp	ax, 1280
-	jnz	res_goon4
-	cmp	bx, 1024
-	jz	vesa_modegood
-	cmp	bx, 960
-	jz	vesa_modegood
-	jmp	vesa_modenogood
-res_goon4:
-	cmp	ax, 1600
-	jnz	vesa_modenogood
-	cmp	bx, 1200
-	jnz	vesa_modenogood
-vesa_modegood:
-	pop	si
-	pop	di
-	pop	ds
-	pop	es
-	pop	dx
-	pop	cx
-	pop	bx
-	xor	ax, ax
-	ret
-vesa_modenogood:
-	pop	si
-	pop	di
-	pop	ds
-	pop	es
-	pop	dx
-	pop	cx
-	pop	bx
-	mov	ax, 0xffff
-	ret
-
-;------------------------------------------------------
-vesa_done:
-
-;	xor	ax, ax				;wait for keypress...
-;	int	0x16
-
-	jmp	go_pm
-
-;------------------------------------------------------
-puts:
-	lodsb
-	or	al, al
-	jz	puts_done
-	stosb
-	mov	al, ah
-	stosb
-	jmp	puts
-puts_done:
-	ret
-
-;------------------------------------------------------
-checkvesa:
-	cmp	ax, 0x004F
-	jnz	vesaerror
-	ret
-vesaerror:
-	mov	ax, 0xb800
-	mov	es, ax
-	xor	ax, ax
-	mov	ds, ax
-	mov	si, txt_vesaerror
-	mov	di, 160*24
-	mov	ah, 4
-	call	puts
-	cli
-	hlt
-
-;-------Function console_putDec
-;input:
-; AX = number to display
-;output:
-; number written in decimal to es:di
-console_putDec:
-	pusha
-	xor	dx, dx
-	xor	bh, bh			;no characters written yet
-	mov	cx, 10000
-	div	cx			;ax=quotiont, dx=remainder
-	add	ax, '0'
-	cmp	ax, '0'
-	je	.goon1
-	call	console_putChar
-	mov	bh, 1
-
-.goon1:
-	mov	ax, dx			;load remainder to ax
-	xor	dx, dx
-	mov	cx, 1000
-	div	cx			;ax=quotiont, dx=remainder
-	add	ax, '0'
-	cmp	ax, '0'
-	je	.goon11
-	call	console_putChar
-	mov	bh, 1
-	jmp	.goon2
-.goon11:
-	cmp	bh, 0
-	je	.goon2
-	call	console_putChar
-
-.goon2:
-	mov	ax, dx			;load remainder to ax
-	xor	dx, dx
-	mov	cx, 100
-	div	cx			;ax=quotiont, dx=remainder
-	add	ax, '0'
-	cmp	ax, '0'
-	je	.goon21
-	call	console_putChar
-	mov	bh, 1
-	jmp	.goon3
-.goon21:
-	cmp	bh, 0
-	je	.goon3
-	call	console_putChar
-
-.goon3:
-	mov	ax, dx			;load remainder to ax
-	xor	dx, dx
-	mov	cx, 10
-	div	cx			;ax=quotiont, dx=remainder
-	add	ax, '0'
-	cmp	ax, '0'
-	je	.goon31
-	call	console_putChar
-	mov	bh, 1
-	jmp	.goon4
-.goon31:
-	cmp	bh, 0
-	je	.goon4
-	call	console_putChar
-.goon4:					;here dx contains last remainder
-	mov	ax, dx
-	add	ax, '0'
-	call	console_putChar
-
-	popa
-	ret
-
-;------------------------------------------------------
-console_putChar:
-	stosb
-	mov	al, 7
-	stosb
-	ret
-
-;------------------------------------------------------
-puthex:
-	;es:di points to video memory
-	;al holds hex value
-
-	push	ax
-	mov	ah, al
-	shr	ax, 4
-	and	al, 0x0F
-	add	al, '0'
-	cmp	al, '9'
-	jle	puthex_goon1
-	add	al, 'A'-'9'-1
-puthex_goon1:
-	cmp	al, '0'
-	jz	puthex_skipzero
-	stosb
-	mov	al, 7
-	stosb
-puthex_skipzero:
-	pop	ax
-	push	ax
-	and	al, 0x0F
-	add	al, '0'
-	cmp	al, '9'
-	jle	puthex_goon2
-	add	al, 'A'-'9'-1
-puthex_goon2:
-	stosb
-	mov	al, 7
-	stosb
-	pop	ax
-	ret
-
-;------------------------------------------------------
-puthex2:
-	;es:di points to video memory, always displays 2 characters!
-	;al holds hex value
-
-	push	ax
-	mov	ah, al
-	shr	ax, 4
-	and	al, 0x0F
-	add	al, '0'
-	cmp	al, '9'
-	jle	puthex2_goon1
-	add	al, 'A'-'9'-1
-puthex2_goon1:
-	stosb
-	mov	al, 7
-	stosb
-	pop	ax
-	push	ax
-	and	al, 0x0F
-	add	al, '0'
-	cmp	al, '9'
-	jle	puthex2_goon2
-	add	al, 'A'-'9'-1
-puthex2_goon2:
-	stosb
-	mov	al, 7
-	stosb
-	pop	ax
-	ret
-
-;------------------------------------------------------
-txt_welcome: db	"                             Welcome to HOS v", VERSION, "!                              ", 0
-txt_rd1: db	"1. Do not load an initial ram disk", 0
-txt_rd2: db	"2. Load initial ram disk from floppy", 0
-txt_input: db	"Enter your selection: ", 0
-txt_vesa: db	"VESA version: ", 0
-txt_vesaerror: db "VESA function call error! Halting system!", 0
-txt_novesa: db	"VESA not found. Starting in console mode...", 0
-txt_vesaold: db	"VESA version 2.0 required. Starting in console mode...", 0
-txt_consolemode: db "a. Console mode only.", 0
-txt_memerror: db "Extended Memory Map information unavailable! Halting system...", 0
-
-;------------------------------------------------------
-getCHSfromCluster:
-	;input: ax=lba of sector on floppy (0-2879)
-	add	ax, 31			;convert logical cluster# to lba#
-	xor	dx, dx			;lba->chs
-	mov	bx, 18
-	div	bx
-	inc	dx
-	mov	cl, dl			;sector# (1-18)
-	xor	dx, dx
-	mov	bx, 2
-	div	bx
-	mov	ch, al			;cylinder# (0-79)
-	mov	dh, dl			;head# (0-1)
-	ret
-
-
-;-------------------------------------------------------
-gdtr:
-	dw	gdt_end-gdt-1
-	dd	gdt
-gdt:
-	dd	0
-	dd	0
-
-KERNEL_CODE equ $-gdt
-	db	0xff		;limit	7:0
-	db	0xff		;limit	15:8
-	db	0x00		;base	7:0
-	db	0x00		;base	15:8
-	db	0x00		;base	23:16
-	db	0x9a		;access
-	db	0xcf		;flags / limit 19:16
-	db	0x00		;base	31:24
-
-KERNEL_DATA equ $-gdt
-	db	0xff		;segment 16 = 4gb data
-	db	0xff
-	db	0x00
-	db	0x00
-	db	0x00
-	db	0x92
-	db	0xcf
-	db	0x00
-
-gdt_end:
-
-
-;-------------------------------------------------------
-gdtr32:
-	dw	gdt_end32-gdt32-1
-	dd	gdt32
-gdt32:
-	dd	0
-	dd	0
-
-	;a base of 0x4000_0000, when added to 0xC000_0000 will produce 0x0000_0000 physical before paging in effect
-KERNEL_CODE32 equ $-gdt32
-	db	0xff		;limit	7:0
-	db	0xff		;limit	15:8
-	db	0x00		;base	7:0
-	db	0x00		;base	15:8
-	db	0x00		;base	23:16
-	db	0x9a		;access
-	db	0xcf		;flags / limit 19:16
-	db	0x40		;base	31:24
-
-KERNEL_DATA32 equ $-gdt32
-	db	0xff		;segment 16 = 4gb data
-	db	0xff
-	db	0x00
-	db	0x00
-	db	0x00
-	db	0x92
-	db	0xcf
-	db	0x40
-
-gdt_end32:
-
-;------------------------------------------------------
-go_pm:
-	xor	ax, ax
-	mov	ds, ax
-	lgdt	[gdtr]
-	cli
-	mov	eax, cr0
-	inc	eax
-	mov	cr0, eax
-
-	jmp	KERNEL_CODE:pmode
-
-bits 32
-pmode:
-	lgdt	[gdtr32]
-	jmp	KERNEL_CODE32:pmode_offsetted+0xC0000000
-
-pmode_offsetted:
-	mov	ax, KERNEL_DATA32
-	mov	es, ax
-	mov	ds, ax
-	mov	fs, ax
-	mov	gs, ax
-	jmp	KERNEL_CODE:BOOT_KERNEL_ADD+0xC0000000
-
-kernel:	db	"KERNEL  BIN", 0
-
-

stdfont.h

@@ -1,258 +0,0 @@
-const byte stdfont[] = {
-	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
-	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
-	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
-	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
-	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
-	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
-	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
-	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
-	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
-	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
-	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
-	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
-	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
-	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
-	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
-	0x00, 0x80, 0xC0, 0xE0, 0xF0, 0xE0, 0xC0, 0x80, 
-	0x00, 0x08, 0x18, 0x38, 0x78, 0x38, 0x18, 0x08, 
-	0x00, 0x20, 0x70, 0xA8, 0x20, 0xA8, 0x70, 0x20, 
-	0x00, 0xA0, 0xA0, 0xA0, 0xA0, 0x00, 0xA0, 0xA0, 
-	0x00, 0x78, 0xA8, 0xA8, 0x78, 0x28, 0x28, 0x68, 
-	0x00, 0x78, 0x80, 0x70, 0x88, 0x70, 0x08, 0xF0, 
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-	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
-	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
-	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
-	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
-	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
-	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
-	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
-	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00	};
-

vfs.c

@@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
-// vfs.c
-// Author: Josh Holtrop
-// Created: 12/31/03
-// Modified: 01/04/04
-
-
-void	vfs_init()
-{
-	firstDiskDevice = malloc(sizeof(DiskDevice));
-	firstDiskDevice->type = VFS_DISK_FD;
-	firstDiskDevice->fileSystem = VFS_FS_FAT12;
-	firstDiskDevice->location = VFS_LOC_FD0;
-	firstDiskDevice->link = 0;
-	strcpy(firstDiskDevice->id, "fd0");
-	rootDevice = firstDiskDevice;
-	if (*(byte *)0xC0090000)			// the user chose to load an initial ram disk from the floppy
-	{
-		DiskDevice *rd = malloc(sizeof(DiskDevice));
-		firstDiskDevice->link = (dword)rd;
-		rd->type = VFS_DISK_RD;
-		rd->fileSystem = VFS_FS_FAT12;
-		rd->location = 0xC0200000;
-		rd->link = 0;
-		strcpy(rd->id, "rd0");
-		rootDevice = rd;
-	}
-}
-
-
-byte *vfs_readFile(char *fileName)
-{
-	DiskDevice *dd;
-	dword	fileStartPosition;
-	if (fileName[0] == '/')
-	{
-		dd = rootDevice;
-		fileStartPosition = 1;
-	}
-	else
-	{
-		if (strlen(fileName) < 5)	//not a long enough file name
-			return 0;
-		if (!((fileName[3] == ':') && (fileName[4] == '/')))	//if we aren't using the root directory, then there must be a 3 character device explicitly specified
-			return 0;					// followed by a colon and then a slash
-		char device[4];
-		memcpy(device, fileName, 3);	//copy the 3 digit device id to device
-		device[3] = 0;			//null-terminating character for device string
-		dd = vfs_getDiskDeviceByID(device);
-		if (!dd)			//the specified device was not found
-			return 0;
-		fileStartPosition = 5;
-	}
-	switch (dd->fileSystem)
-	{
-	case VFS_FS_FAT12:
-		return fat12_readFile(fileName+fileStartPosition, dd);
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-
-byte *vfs_readSector(DiskDevice *dd, dword sector, byte *dest, dword sectors)
-{
-	byte	*origDest = dest;
-	switch (dd->type)
-	{
-	case VFS_DISK_RD:
-		for (; sectors > 0; sectors--, dest += 512, sector++)
-			rd_readSector(dd, sector, dest);
-		return origDest;
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-
-DiskDevice *vfs_getDiskDeviceByID(char *id)
-{
-	DiskDevice *dd = firstDiskDevice;
-	for (;;)
-	{
-		if (strcmp(dd->id, id))
-			return dd;
-		dd = (DiskDevice *)dd->link;
-		if (!dd)
-			break;
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-
-

vfs.h

@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-// vfs.h
-// Author: Josh Holtrop
-// Created: 12/31/03
-// Modified: 01/04/04
-
-
-#define	VFS_DISK_RD	1
-#define	VFS_DISK_FD	2
-#define	VFS_DISK_HD	3
-
-#define	VFS_FS_FAT12	1
-
-#define	VFS_LOC_FD0	1
-
-
-typedef struct	{
-	dword	type;
-	dword	fileSystem;
-	dword	location;
-	dword	link;
-	char	id[4];
-} __attribute__((packed)) DiskDevice;
-
-
-void	vfs_init();
-byte *vfs_readFile(char *fileName);
-byte *vfs_readSector(DiskDevice *dd, dword sector, byte *dest, dword sectors);
-DiskDevice *vfs_getDiskDeviceByID(char *id);
-
-DiskDevice *rootDevice = 0;
-DiskDevice *firstDiskDevice = 0;
-
-

video.c

@@ -1,176 +0,0 @@
-//video.c
-// 08/13/03 Josh Holtrop
-// Modified: 11/12/03
-
-
-//Initialized the video mode information block video_mode and allocated double-buffer memory for graphics display
-void	video_init()
-{
-	videoMode = *(word *)0xC0090002;
-
-        if (!videoMode)	//we are in console mode
-		return;
-
-	video_mode = *(ModeInfoBlock *) 0xC0090306;
-
-	switch(video_mode.BitsPerPixel)
-	{
-	case 16:
-		video_psetp = &video_psetp16;
-		break;
-	case 24:
-		video_psetp = &video_psetp24;
-		break;
-	case 32:
-		video_psetp = &video_psetp32;
-	}
-}
-
-//Renders a character using stdfont[] as a bitmask
-void	video_renderChar(int x, int y, int character, dword color)
-{
-	int charpos = (character & 0xFF) * 8;
-	int row;
-	int col;
-	for (row = 0; row < 8; row++)
-	{
-		for (col = 0; col < 5; col++)
-		{
-			if ((stdfont[charpos+row] >> (col+3)) & 0x01)
-				video_pset(x+(5-col), y+row, color);
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-//Draws a horizontal line
-void	video_horiz(int y, int x1, int x2, dword color)
-{
-	if (x1 > x2)
-	{
-		int tmp = x2;
-		x2 = x1;
-		x1 = tmp;		//x2 >= x1 now
-	}
-	if (x2 < 0)
-		return;
-	if (x1 > video_mode.XResolution)
-		return;
-	if (x1 < 0)
-		x1 = 0;
-	if (x2 > video_mode.XResolution)
-		x2 = video_mode.XResolution;
-	int pixel = y*video_mode.XResolution+x1;
-	for (; x1 <= x2; x1++)
-	{
-		video_psetp(pixel++, color);
-	}
-}
-
-//Draws a vertical line
-void	video_vert(int x, int y1, int y2, dword color)
-{
-	if (y1 > y2)
-	{
-		int tmp = y2;
-		y2 = y1;
-		y1 = tmp;		//y2 >= y1 now
-	}
-	if (y2 < 0)
-		return;
-	if (y1 > video_mode.YResolution)
-		return;
-	if (y1 < 0)
-		y1 = 0;
-	if (y2 > video_mode.YResolution)
-		y2 = video_mode.YResolution;
-	int pixel = y1*video_mode.XResolution+x;
-	for (; y1 <= y2; y1++)
-	{
-		video_psetp(pixel, color);
-		pixel+=video_mode.XResolution;
-	}
-}
-
-//Draws a rectangle
-void	video_rect(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, dword color)
-{
-	video_horiz(y1, x1, x2, color);
-	video_horiz(y2, x1, x2, color);
-	video_vert(x1, y1, y2, color);
-	video_vert(x2, y1, y2, color);
-}
-
-//Draws a filled rectangle
-void	video_rectf(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, dword color)
-{
-	if (y2 < y1)
-	{
-		int tmp = y2;
-		y2 = y1;
-		y1 = tmp;
-	}
-	for (; y1 <= y2; y1++)
-		video_horiz(y1, x1, x2, color);
-}
-
-//Draws a single pixel
-inline void video_pset(int x, int y, dword color)
-{
-	if ((x < 0) || (x > video_mode.XResolution) || (y < 0) || (y > video_mode.YResolution))
-		return;
-	video_psetp(y*video_mode.XResolution+x, color);
-}
-
-//Draws a pixel at the specified pixel position
-void	video_psetp16(int pixel, dword color)
-{
-	vid_ptr16[pixel] = ((color&0xFF)>>3) | ((((color>>8)&0xFF)>>2)<<5) | ((((color>>16)&0xFF)>>3)<<11);
-}
-
-//Draws a pixel at the specified pixel position
-void	video_psetp24(int pixel, dword color)
-{
-	vid_ptr24[pixel*3] = color & 0xFF;
-	vid_ptr24[pixel*3+1] = (color>>8) & 0xFF;
-	vid_ptr24[pixel*3+2] = (color>>16) & 0xFF;
-}
-
-//Draws a pixel at the specified pixel position
-void	video_psetp32(int pixel, dword color)
-{
-	vid_ptr32[pixel] = color;
-}
-
-//Dummy function to not draw anything if there is no graphical mode enabled
-void	video_psetpnull(int pixel, dword color) {}
-
-
-// This function draws a simple "console" window in graphical mode to display text
-void	video_drawConsole()
-{
-	video_rectf(9, 9, 490, 260, 0);
-	video_rect(8, 8, 491, 261, 0x00777777);
-	int x, y;
-	for (x = 0; x < 80; x++)
-	{
-		for (y = 0; y < 25; y++)
-		{
-			video_renderChar(x*6+10, y*10+10, console_memory[y*80+x], 0x00FFFFFF);
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-
-// This function draws a "console" character to the graphical video screen
-void	video_drawConsoleChar(dword position)
-{
- 	int x = position % 80;
- 	int y = position / 80;
-	video_renderChar(x*6+10, y*10+10, console_memory[y*80+x], 0x00FFFFFF);
-}
-
-
-
-
-
-

video.h

@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-//video.h
-// 08/18/03 Josh Holtrop
-// Modified: 12/28/03
-
-void	video_init();
-void	video_horiz(int y, int x1, int x2, dword color);
-void	video_vert(int x, int y1, int y2, dword color);
-void	video_rect(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, dword color);
-void	video_rectf(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, dword color);
-inline void video_pset(int x, int y, dword color);
-void	video_psetp16(int pixel, dword color);
-void	video_psetp24(int pixel, dword color);
-void	video_psetp32(int pixel, dword color);
-void	video_psetpnull(int pixel, dword color);
-void	video_renderChar(int x, int y, int character, dword color);
-void	video_drawConsole();
-void	video_drawConsoleChar(dword position);
-
-
-typedef struct{
-	word	ModeAttributes;
-	byte	WinAAttributes;
-	byte	WinBAttributes;
-	word	WinGranularity;
-	word	WinSize;
-	word	WinASegment;
-	word	WinBSegment;
-	dword	WinFuncPtr;
-	word	BytesPerScanLine;
-
-	word	XResolution;
-	word	YResolution;
-	byte	XCharSize;
-	byte	YCharSize;
-	byte	NumberOfPlanes;
-	byte	BitsPerPixel;
-	byte	NumberOfBanks;
-	byte	MemoryModel;
-	byte	BankSize;
-	byte	NumberOfImagePages;
-	byte	Reserved1;
-
-	byte	RedMaskSize;
-	byte	RedFieldPosition;
-	byte	GreenMaskSize;
-	byte	GreenFieldPosition;
-	byte	BlueMaskSize;
-	byte	BlueFieldPosition;
-	byte	RsvdMaskSize;
-	byte	RsvdFieldPosition;
-	byte	DirectColorModeInfo;
-
-	dword	PhysBasePtr;
-	dword	OffScreenMemOffset;
-	word	OffScreenMemSize;
-	byte	Reserved[206];
-} ModeInfoBlock;
-
-
-ModeInfoBlock	video_mode;
-dword	videoMode = 0;			//what video mode # we are in, 0 for console mode
-word	*vid_ptr16 = (word *)0xF0000000;
-byte	*vid_ptr24 = (byte *)0xF0000000;
-dword	*vid_ptr32 = (dword *)0xF0000000;
-word	console_memory[2000];		//holds a copy of the console's memory
-void (*video_psetp)(int, dword) = video_psetpnull;	//function pointer to set a pixel
-
-
-
-
-
-

vmm.c

@@ -1,354 +0,0 @@
-// vmm.c
-// Author: Josh Holtrop
-// Date: 09/30/03
-// Rewritten from scratch: 12/23/03
-// Modified: 12/30/03
-
-
-// This is the initialization procedure for the Virtual Memory Manager
-//  It sets up the final page directory/page table setup and maps video memory, if present
-void	vmm_init()
-{
-	dword *pageTables = (dword *)0xC0104000;	//this is the location of the page directory
-	pageTables[0x3FF] = 0x104000|0x03;		//the last page directory entry points to the page directory itself
-	pageTables[0] = 0;
-	invlpg(0);
-	if (videoMode)	//we are in a graphical mode
-	{
-		dword vidPages = video_mode.XResolution * video_mode.YResolution * (video_mode.BitsPerPixel >> 3);
-		if (vidPages % 4096)
-			vidPages = (vidPages >> 12) + 1;
-		else
-			vidPages = (vidPages >> 12);
-		vmm_mapn(0xF0000000, video_mode.PhysBasePtr, vidPages);
-	}
-	dword firstHeapEntryBlock = (dword)mm_palloc();
-	vmm_map1((dword)firstHeapEntry, firstHeapEntryBlock);
-	HeapEntryBlock *heb = (HeapEntryBlock *)firstHeapEntry;
-	vmm_heb_init(heb);
-	heb->entry[0].base = (dword)firstHeapEntry;	//start of kernel's heap memory
-	heb->entry[0].size = 4096;			//the first HeapEntryBlock is 1 page long
-	heb->entry[0].attributes = VMM_HE_HEB;		//this is a HeapEntryBlock
-	heb->entry[1].base = (dword)firstHeapEntry+4096;	//this is the start of the rest of the kernel's heap memory
-	heb->entry[1].size = 0x10000000-4096;		//the rest of the kernel's heap memory: 256mb - 4kb
-	heb->entry[1].attributes = VMM_HE_HOLE;		//this is a hold - an unmapped section of heap memory
-}
-
-
-// This function initialzes a Heap Entry Block to unused entries linked together
-void	vmm_heb_init(HeapEntryBlock *heb)
-{
-	int a;
-	for (a = 0; a < 256; a++)
-	{
-		heb->entry[a].base = 0;
-		heb->entry[a].size = 0;
-		heb->entry[a].attributes = VMM_HE_UNUSED;
-		heb->entry[a].link = (dword)&(heb->entry[a+1]);
-	}
-	heb->entry[255].link = 0;
-}
-
-
-// This function maps a virtual address to a physical address using the page directory / page table
-void	vmm_map1(dword virt, dword physical)
-{
-	dword pde = virt >> 22;
-	dword pte = (virt & 0x003FF000) >> 12;
-	dword *pageTables = (dword *)0xC0104000;	//this is the location of the page directory
-	if (!(pageTables[pde] & 0x01))		//the page directory entry does not exist, we must allocate a page for it
-	{
-		dword *newpagetable = mm_palloc();
-		pageTables[pde] = ((dword)newpagetable) | 0x03;
-		invlpg(virt);
-		dword *newpteptr = (dword *)(0xFFC00000 | (pde << 12));	//points to first dword of newly allocated page table
-		int a;
-		for (a = 0; a < 1024; a++)
-		{
-			newpteptr[a] = 0;
-		}
-	}
-	dword *pteptr = (dword *)(0xFFC00000 | (pde << 12) | (pte << 2));
-	*pteptr = physical | 0x03;
-	invlpg(virt);
-}
-
-
-// This function maps a variable number of pages in a row
-void	vmm_mapn(dword virt, dword physical, dword n)
-{
-	for (; n > 0; n--)
-	{
-		vmm_map1(virt, physical);
-		virt += 4096;
-		physical += 4096;
-	}
-}
-
-
-// This function removes the virtual address's entry in the page directory / page table
-void	vmm_unmap1(dword virt)
-{
-	dword *pteptr = (dword *)(0xFFC00000 | ((virt & 0xFFC00000) >> 10) | ((virt & 0x003FF000) >> 10));
-	*pteptr = 0;
- 	invlpg(virt);
-}
-
-
-// This function removes multiple pages' entries
-void	vmm_unmapn(dword virt, dword n)
-{
-	for (; n > 0; n--)
-	{
-		vmm_unmap1(virt);
-		virt += 4096;
-	}
-}
-
-
-// Virtual Memory allocator function
-void	*malloc(dword bytes)
-{
- 	if (bytes % VMM_MALLOC_GRANULARITY)
- 		bytes = bytes + VMM_MALLOC_GRANULARITY - (bytes % VMM_MALLOC_GRANULARITY);
-	void *attempt = vmm_getFreeChunk(bytes);
-	if (attempt)
-		return attempt;
-	if(vmm_moreCore(bytes))
-		return 0;			//we could not get any more heap memory
-	return vmm_getFreeChunk(bytes);
-}
-
-
-// This function returns a pointer if a free chunk of memory exists
-void	*vmm_getFreeChunk(dword bytes)
-{
-	HeapEntry *he = firstHeapEntry;
-	for (;;)
-	{
-		if (he->attributes == VMM_HE_FREE)
-		{
-			if (he->size > bytes)
-			{
-				HeapEntry *nhe = vmm_nextHeapEntry();
-				nhe->base = he->base;
-				nhe->size = bytes;
-				nhe->attributes = VMM_HE_USED;
-				he->base += bytes;
-				he->size -= bytes;
-				return (void *)(nhe->base);
-			}
-			if (he->size == bytes)
-			{
-				he->attributes = VMM_HE_USED;
-				return (void *)(he->base);
-			}
-		}
-		he = (HeapEntry *)he->link;
-		if (!he)
-			break;
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-
-// This function coalesces any two adjacent heap entries into one entry
-void	vmm_coalesceHeapEntry(HeapEntry *he)
-{
-	if (!(he->attributes == VMM_HE_FREE || he->attributes == VMM_HE_HOLE))
-		return;
-	if (he->size == 0)
-	{
-		he->attributes = VMM_HE_UNUSED;
-		return;
-	}
-	HeapEntry *hec = firstHeapEntry;
-	for (;;)
-	{
-		if (hec->attributes == he->attributes)
-		{
-			if ((hec->base + hec->size) == he->base)	//hec ends where he begins
-			{
-				he->base = hec->base;
-				he->size += hec->size;
-				hec->attributes = VMM_HE_UNUSED;
-			}
-			if ((he->base + he->size) == hec->base)		//he ends where hec begins
-			{
-				he->size += hec->size;
-				hec->attributes = VMM_HE_UNUSED;
-			}
-		}
-		hec = (HeapEntry *)hec->link;
-		if (!hec)
-			break;
-	}
-}
-
-
-// This function retrieves more physical memory for the heap
-int	vmm_moreCore(dword bytes)
-{
-	dword pages = (bytes >> 12) + 1;
-	bytes = pages << 12;
-	HeapEntry *he = vmm_getFirstHoleHeapEntry(bytes);
-	dword virt = he->base;
-	for (; pages > 0; pages--)
-	{
-		dword phys = (dword)mm_palloc();
-		if (!phys)
-			return 1;
-		vmm_map1(virt, phys);
-		virt += 4096;
-	}
-	if (he->size == bytes)
-	{
-		he->attributes = VMM_HE_FREE;
-		vmm_coalesceHeapEntry(he);
-	}
-	else
-	{
-		HeapEntry *nhe = vmm_nextHeapEntry();
-		nhe->base = he->base;
-		nhe->size = bytes;
-		nhe->attributes = VMM_HE_FREE;
-		he->base += bytes;
-		he->size -= bytes;
-		vmm_coalesceHeapEntry(nhe);
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-
-// This function returns the next available heap entry, creates more entries if we are running low
-HeapEntry *vmm_nextHeapEntry()
-{
-	if (vmm_heapEntriesLeft() < 10)
-		vmm_addHeapEntryBlock();
-	return vmm_getFirstUnusedHeapEntry();
-}
-
-
-// This function creates a new block (page) of heap entries (256)
-void	vmm_addHeapEntryBlock()
-{
-	HeapEntry *he = vmm_getFirstHoleHeapEntry(4096);
-	HeapEntry *newBlock = vmm_getFirstUnusedHeapEntry();
-	dword heb = (dword)mm_palloc();
-	vmm_map1(he->base, heb);
-	vmm_heb_init((HeapEntryBlock *)he->base);
-	HeapEntry *lhe = vmm_getLastHeapEntry();
-	if (he->size == 4096)
-	{
-		he->attributes = VMM_HE_HEB;
-		lhe->link = (dword)he->base;
-	}
-	else
-	{
-		newBlock->base = he->base;
-		newBlock->size = 4096;
-		newBlock->attributes = VMM_HE_HEB;
-		he->base += 4096;
-		he->size -= 4096;
-		lhe->link = (dword)newBlock->base;
-	}
-	return;
-}
-
-
-// This function returns the last heap entry in the linked list, useful for setting
-//  its link field to point to the first entry of a newly allocated list
-HeapEntry *vmm_getLastHeapEntry()
-{
-	HeapEntry *he = firstHeapEntry;
-	for (;;)
-	{
-		if (he->link == 0)
-			return he;
-		he = (HeapEntry *)he->link;
-	}
-}
-
-
-// This function returns the first heap entry corresponding to a memory "hole"
-HeapEntry *vmm_getFirstHoleHeapEntry(dword minBytes)
-{
-	HeapEntry *he = firstHeapEntry;
-	for (;;)
-	{
-		if ((he->attributes == VMM_HE_HOLE) && (he->size >= minBytes))
-			return he;
-		he = (HeapEntry *)he->link;
-		if (!he)
-			break;
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-
-// This function returns the first heap entry that is not being used
-HeapEntry *vmm_getFirstUnusedHeapEntry()
-{
-	HeapEntry *he = firstHeapEntry;
-	for (;;)
-	{
-		if (he->attributes == VMM_HE_UNUSED)
-			return he;
-		he = (HeapEntry *)he->link;
-		if (!he)
-			break;
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-
-// This function returns the number of heap entries available for use
-dword	vmm_heapEntriesLeft()
-{
- 	HeapEntry *he = firstHeapEntry;
- 	dword entries = 0;
- 	for (;;)
- 	{
- 		if (he->attributes == VMM_HE_UNUSED)
- 			entries++;
- 		he = (HeapEntry *)he->link;
- 		if (!he)
- 			break;
- 	}
-	return entries;
-}
-
-
-// This function "frees" an area of memory previously allocated with malloc()
-int	free(void *ptr)
-{
-	HeapEntry *he = vmm_getHeapEntryByBase((dword)ptr);
-	if (!he)
-		return 1;	//a heap entry starting at the given address was not found
-	he->attributes = VMM_HE_FREE;
-	vmm_coalesceHeapEntry(he);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-
-// This function scans the heap entry linked list for an entry that begins at the given address
-HeapEntry *vmm_getHeapEntryByBase(dword base)
-{
-	HeapEntry *he = firstHeapEntry;
-	for (;;)
-	{
-		if (he->base == base)
-			return he;
-		he = (HeapEntry *)he->link;
-		if (!he)
-			break;
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

vmm.h

@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-// vmm.h
-// Author: Josh Holtrop
-// Date: 09/30/03
-// Rewritten from scratch: 12/23/03
-// Modified: 12/30/03
-
-
-#define	VMM_HE_UNUSED	0		//available entry
-#define	VMM_HE_FREE	1		//free section of memory
-#define	VMM_HE_USED	2		//used section of memory
-#define	VMM_HE_HOLE	3		//a "hole" (unmapped) section of virtual memory
-#define	VMM_HE_HEB	4		//HeapEntryBlock
-
-#define	VMM_MALLOC_GRANULARITY	4	//granularity for all memory requests
-
-typedef struct {
-	dword	base;			//virtual base address
-	dword	size;			//size in bytes
-	dword	attributes;		//free/used/hole
-	dword	link;			//link to next HeapEntry
-} __attribute__((packed)) HeapEntry;
-
-
-typedef struct {
-	HeapEntry	entry[256];	//256 HeapEntry objects = 4kb (1 page)
-} __attribute__((packed)) HeapEntryBlock;
-
-
-void	vmm_init();
-void   *malloc(dword bytes);
-int	free(void *ptr);
-void	vmm_map1(dword virt, dword physical);
-void	vmm_mapn(dword virt, dword physical, dword n);
-void	vmm_unmap1(dword virt);
-void	vmm_unmapn(dword virt, dword n);
-void	vmm_heb_init(HeapEntryBlock *heb);
-void	*vmm_getFreeChunk(dword bytes);
-HeapEntry *vmm_nextHeapEntry();
-dword	vmm_heapEntriesLeft();
-HeapEntry *vmm_getLastHeapEntry();
-HeapEntry *vmm_getFirstUnusedHeapEntry();
-HeapEntry *vmm_getFirstHoleHeapEntry(dword minBytes);
-void	vmm_addHeapEntryBlock();
-int	vmm_moreCore(dword bytes);
-void	vmm_coalesceHeapEntry(HeapEntry *he);
-HeapEntry *vmm_getHeapEntryByBase(dword base);
-
-
-HeapEntry *firstHeapEntry = (HeapEntry *)0xD0000000;	//this is where heap memory starts
-
-
-
-
-
-

x86_64-elf-gcc.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+project_name "x86_64-elf-gcc"
+binutils_version = "2.35"
+binutils_checksum = "1b11659fb49e20e18db460d44485f09442c8c56d5df165de9461eb09c8302f85"
+gcc_version = "10.2.0"
+gcc_checksum = "b8dd4368bb9c7f0b98188317ee0254dd8cc99d1e3a18d0ff146c855fe16c1d8c"
+install_path = File.expand_path("x86_64-elf-gcc")
+target = "x86_64-elf"
+path_prepend "#{install_path}/bin"
+
+configure do
+  check_c_compiler "gcc"
+  check_program "make"
+  check_program "bison"
+  check_program "flex"
+  check_program "texi2any", on_fail: "Install the texinfo package"
+  check_program "wget"
+  check_lib "gmp", on_fail: "Install the libgmp-dev package"
+  check_lib "mpc", on_fail: "Install the libmpc-dev package"
+  check_lib "mpfr", on_fail: "Install the libmpfr-dev package"
+end
+
+default do
+  unless Dir.exist?(install_path)
+    # Download archives.
+    download "https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/binutils/binutils-#{binutils_version}.tar.xz",
+      "#{build_dir}/binutils-#{binutils_version}.tar.xz",
+      sha256sum: binutils_checksum
+
+    download "https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-#{gcc_version}/gcc-#{gcc_version}.tar.xz",
+      "#{build_dir}/gcc-#{gcc_version}.tar.xz",
+      sha256sum: gcc_checksum
+
+    # Extract archives.
+    sh "tar", "xJf", "binutils-#{binutils_version}.tar.xz",
+      chdir: build_dir
+
+    sh "tar", "xJf", "gcc-#{gcc_version}.tar.xz",
+      chdir: build_dir
+
+    # Build binutils.
+    rm_rf "#{build_dir}/build-binutils"
+    mkdir_p "#{build_dir}/build-binutils"
+    cd "#{build_dir}/build-binutils" do
+      sh %W[../binutils-#{binutils_version}/configure
+        --target=#{target} --prefix=#{install_path} --with-sysroot --disable-nls
+        --disable-werror]
+      sh "make"
+      sh "make install"
+    end
+
+    # Build gcc.
+    rm_rf "#{build_dir}/build-gcc"
+    mkdir_p "#{build_dir}/build-gcc"
+    cd "#{build_dir}/build-gcc" do
+      sh %W[../gcc-#{gcc_version}/configure
+        --target=#{target} --prefix=#{install_path} --disable-nls
+        --enable-languages=c --without-headers]
+      sh "make all-gcc"
+      sh "make all-target-libgcc"
+      sh "make install-gcc"
+      sh "make install-target-libgcc"
+    end
+
+    # Remove archives and build directories if everything succeeded.
+    rm_f "#{build_dir}/binutils-#{binutils_version}.tar.xz"
+    rm_rf "#{build_dir}/binutils-#{binutils_version}"
+    rm_rf "#{build_dir}/build-binutils"
+    rm_f "#{build_dir}/gcc-#{gcc_version}.tar.xz"
+    rm_rf "#{build_dir}/gcc-#{gcc_version}"
+    rm_rf "#{build_dir}/build-gcc"
+  end
+end
+
+distclean do
+  rm_rf install_path
+end